Imvamisa, ukwakheka kwe-parenchyma kufanele kuhambisane nohlaka olucacile. Isakhiwo esinamandla se-pancreas sibonwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, okungasho ukukhula kwe-pancreatitis, stenosis, cysts, benign kanye ne-non-benign tumors.
Ukwelashwa kokushintsha kokunye emzimbeni kufanele kube okuphelele, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo kanye nokudla okukhethekile. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukufa kwe-pancreatic parenchyma.
Izimbangela zokushintshwa kwe-organ parenchyma
Ama-pancreas yisitho esibalulekile esenza ama-enzymes angaphandle (wokugaya ukudla) kanye ne-endo native (ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ne-glucagon) umsebenzi.
Isitho sinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqukethe izindlala ze-alveolar. Ingxenye exocrine imelelwa yinethiwekhi enkulu yama-ducts exretory athuthela ama-enzyme wokugaya (amylase, proteinase, lipase) kwi-duodenum. Ingxenye ye-endocrine yesitho yiziqhingi zaseLangerhans, ezikhiqiza i-insulin, i-glucagon, i-somatostatin, i-ghrelin ne-pancreatic polypeptide.
Isakhiwo se-macroscopic sesitho siqukethe inhloko, umzimba nomsila. Kusengxenyeni yomsila lapho kutholakala khona inani elikhulu lama-isanc pancreatic isber hormone.
Ukwakheka kwama-pancreas kungaba yinto evamile, e-atrophic, yendawo noma yezwe. Isakhiwo esine-heterogenible senzeka ku-pancreatitis eyingozi noma inkambo yesimo sayo esingamahlalakhona.
Izinguquko ezinobunzima obukhulu esakhiweni samanyikwe zenzeka lapho kudalulwa izinto ezinjalo:
- Ukusebenza okwenziwe ngaphambilini endaweni yokugaya. Izimpawu zokubopha nezinye izinguquko ku-parenchyma zenzeka esimweni sezindlela zokuvuselela ezingafanele noma izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pancreatitis. I-Pathology yenzeka kanye nokwenza kusebenze ama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla kumanyikwe uqobo. Njengomphumela, balungisa i-parenchyma, futhi ezindaweni zokuvuvukala, izicubu ezithintekayo (i-fibrosis) zikhula.
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus. Lesi sifo sabonwa njengobhubhane lwekhulu lama-21. Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, ama-pancreas ancishiswa isikhathi eside, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-pathological esakhiweni sezicubu.
- Ukudla okungenakulinganisela, ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala nokucindezelwa okungapheli.
Izici ezifakwe kuhlu zibonisa wonke umuntu wesimanje, okwandisa ithuba lokuthuthuka kwama-pancreas.
Ama-pathologies abangela izinguquko ezihlelekile
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile, i-echogenicity kanye nokwakheka kwamanyikwe kungashintsha. Cabanga nge-pathologies eyinhloko eshintsha ukwakheka kwe-parenchyma.
I-pancreatitis engapheli Isimo somtholampilo walesi sifo asivezwanga, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuxilongwa, ukushintshwa kwesakhiwo sesitho akunakwenzeka ukubona. Ngesikhathi sokudlula kwe-ultrasound, i-heterogeneity yesakhiwo iyabonakala, imingcele yesitho ithe chithi saka futhi ayicacile. Ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa, kungenzeka kuguquke ukwakheka kwesibindi.
I-subacute pancreatitis. Isigaba salesi sifo siqhubeka nezimpawu ezishiwo amasonto angama-2-3 noma izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-ultrasound ikhombisa ukuqina kwe-echogenicity futhi isebenzisa ushintsho. Uma ukwakheka kwesitho kungashintshi kakhulu, khona-ke udokotela ubeka umuthi wokwelashwa nokwelashwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwama-cysts. I-Ultra ihlola i-heostgenication echostosition yamanyikwe kanye ne-cyst. Imvamisa emzimbeni, kwakhiwa ama-cysts amabili, agcwaliswa uketshezi, olungashintsha indawo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimila zemvelaphi enesizungu nokulimaza. Ama-Neoplasms aguqula ukwakheka kwesitho, ngenxa yalokho umsebenzi wawo wangaphakathi nangaphandle wephulwa.
I-Lipomatosis I-Pathology iba phakathi kwabanesifo sikashukela nabantu abahola indlela engalungile. Amanyikwe ayancipha futhi ayabuna. Isitho sikhuphuka ngosayizi ngenxa yokwanda kwezicubu ze-adipose. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kukhombisa isitho esihlelwe kahle, esisemaphakathi noma esishubile.
I-Stenosis Ngenqubo yokuvuvukala kwekhanda lesitho, udonga lwesisu se-duodenal luyacindezelwa. Ukuthola lesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe i-CT scan ne-LHC, ukuvumela ukuthola ama-neoplasms.
Ukushintsha ukwakheka kwe-parenchyma ezinganeni kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala kunezici ezithile. Imvamisa, isitho se-hyperechoic sibhekwa ebuntwaneni ngenxa yokuqala kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emgodini wokugaya ukudla.
Ukuphazamiseka ekukhiqizweni kwe-lipase, proteinase kanye ne-amylase kuyimbangela yomsuka we-pancreatitis ezinganeni. Ukushoda ekukhiqizeni ujusi we-pancreatic kungandisa ukukhiqizwa kwesisu. Inqubo enjalo ye-pathological igcwele uhlelo lokugaya ukudla.
Ukwelashwa kokushintshwa kokushintshwa kwe-parenchyma ebuntwaneni kuhlukile ngoba okokuqala kudingekile ukuqeda ukukhiqizwa kwesiqongo se-enzymes yokugaya ukudla.
Ukwelashwa kwesakhiwo se-Heterogenible
Ukuze uvimbele ushintsho olwengeziwe ekwakhekeni kwama-pancreas, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhubeke nezifundo ezidingekayo futhi uqale ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Izakhi ezisemqoka zokwelashwa ziyondla ngokukhethekile nemithi.
Njengomthetho, kudliwe ukudla oku-5, okungafaki ukudla okuqinisa inqubo yokugaya ukudla. Ukudla kufanele kube okucatshangelwayo: inani elifanele lokudla liyizikhathi ezi-5-6. Izitsha kufanele ziphekwe ngendlela ebhakwe, ebilisiwe noma isitshiwe. Ukudla akufanele kubande kakhulu noma kushise.
Ukusuka ekudleni, udinga ukungafaki ukudla okuthosiwe nokunamafutha, ukhukhamba nogwayi, ushokoledi namanye amaswidi, namakhekhe nemikhiqizo kafulawa, amaqanda enkukhu notshwala.
Ngesikhathi sokukhanyiswa kwe-pancreatitis, kushiwo ukudla okwelashwa ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokwelashwa okunjalo siyizinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungathatha kuphela amanzi afudumele we-alkaline, ngokwesibonelo, iBorjomi.
Ngemuva kokubulawa yindlala nge-pancreatitis, ungafaka ukudla okuvunyelwe:
- inyama nezinhlanzi ezibandayo (inkukhu, i-hake, i-pike perch);
- izithelo nemifino emisha;
- okusanhlamvu okune-fiber (oatmeal, nokunye okufana nokolweni);
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamaphesenti aphansi koketshezi;
- umhluzi we-rosehip namajusi asanda kufakwa.
Kukho konke ukudla, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyenziwa. Udokotela unikeza isiguli inkimbinkimbi yale mithi elandelayo:
- ama-enzymatic agents ukwenza inqubo yokugaya (i-Creon, i-Pancreatin, i-Festal, i-Mezim, ne-Biozyme) iguqulwe ngendlela efanele;
- umuthi osusa izimpawu ezihambisana nalokhu - isicanucanu nokuhlanza (i-Cerucal);
- ama-analgesics wokukhululeka kobuhlungu (Spazmalgon, Baralgetas).
Nge-lesion ebalulekile yama-pancreas, i-pancreatic necrosis ingakhula, i.e. izicubu necrosis. Kulokhu, kususwa ingxenye ethile noma ephelele yesitho. Ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, imiphumela enjalo ingagwenywa.
Isiguli, lapho sesibonile izinhlungu ezingazelelwe endaweni ye-epigastrium, ngesinye isikhathi ngesimo esixinzekile, izikhathi eziningi zokuhlanza, isisu sohudo ngokuhlangana nezinhlayiya zokudla namafutha, ukubekezelela isikhumba, kudinga usizo oluphuthumayo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zingaba yizihibe zokubukeka kokushintshwa kwezinsimbi eziguquguqukayo kanye nokukhululekile ekwakhiweni kwesitho.
Izimpawu zesifo se-pancreatic zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
