Ama-pancreas yisitho esibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza komzimba kunzima ukusicabanga.
I-physiology kanye ne-anatomy yama-pancreas kunzima kakhulu kumuntu ojwayelekile ukukuqonda, ngakho-ke sizokhuluma ngalolu daba kabanzi.
Izici zomzimba
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamanyikwe ukukhiqiza ujusi we-pancreatic, ohlinzeka ngezinqubo zokugaya. I-physiology ye-gland icacile, echazwe ngumsebenzi wokufihla, kuncike kuphi.
Isimiso sokusebenza salo mzimba silula. Lapho nje umuntu eqala ukudla, ukukhula kancane kancane kwejusi le-pancreatic kuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emgodini womlomo womuntu ngamunye kukhona ama-receptors akhethekile adlulisela isiginali kuma-pancreas, emva kwalokho umsebenzi wawo uqala.
Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko yalo mzimba ingahlukaniswa:
- Ukubamba iqhaza okugcwele kokugaya.
- Ukulungisa ushukela wegazi.
Umsebenzi we-pancreatic
Ekuthuthukiseni ijusi le-pancreatic, elikuvumela ukuthi ugaye ukudla okufika emzimbeni, i-acini inomthwalo wemfanelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathuthela ujusi eWirsung duct, okuwumzila ophambili walesi sitho.
Ijusi esiswini ngokwayo iqukethe izinto ezimbili:
- Enzymes. I-enzyme ngayinye ngayinye icubungula okuqukethwe ukudla okungenayo, isb. wephula ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha abe yizakhi zomzimba ezingadonsa.
- Ama-Bicarbonates Lezi zinto zivimba ama-acid adluliselwa esiswini aya e-duodenum.
Uma ama-pancreas eqala ukusebenza ngendlela engafanele, ama-ducts awo angahambi kahle, futhi ama-enzyme wokugaya aqala ukugxila ngaphakathi kwesitho uqobo. Ngokwemvelo, umsebenzi wama-enzyme uhlala unjalo, i.e. aqala ukudiliza hhayi amaprotheni kanye nama-carbohydrate, kodwa amaseli we-pancreatic, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezinobuthi kanye necrosis.
Ikakhulu, i-pancreatitis eyingozi ikhula ngendlela efanayo. Lesi simo sibonisa izinhlungu ezinzima kumanyikwe, esidinga ukuqala kwezinyathelo zokwelapha eziseduze.
Ngaphezu kwengxenye ye-exocrine, kukhona isiza se-endocrine organ. Uma i-acini ithatha cishe ama-98% endlala, khona-ke amaphesenti ama-2 kuphela amangqamuzana abizwa ngokuthi ama-islets amaLangerhans aqaphela ukusebenza kwe-endocrine. Lawa maseli akhiqiza ama-hormone akhethekile athambisa amafutha nama-carbohydrate.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-hormone zikhiqizwa:
- I-insulin yi-hormone elawula zonke izinto ezingena kumaseli.
- IGlucagon inesibopho sokulawula ushukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunokuntuleka kweshukela, i-glucagon ikhiqiza ezitolo zezicubu ze-adipose.
- I-Polypeptin. Inomsebenzi ofanayo ne-somatostatin, i.e. uyakwazi ukuvimba isenzo sawo wonke ama-hormone uma ukusebenza kwawo kungadingeki okwesikhashana.
Kulokhu, i-insulin idlala indima ekhethekile. Uma akwanele emzimbeni, khona-ke isifo sikashukela siyakhula - isifo esithathwa njengesingelapheki.
Kuyo yonke impilo, umuntu kufanele aqaphe amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe, anciphise noma andise inani le-insulin.
Izici ze-anatomical
I-pancreas anatomy ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwalesi sitho, kanye nendima yaso kuwo wonke umzimba. Ama-pancreas yisitho esikhuliswe kancane ngesakhiwo esiminyene. Uma uhlola usayizi wawo, khona-ke ngale pararameli kungokwesibili kuphela esibindini.
Uma wenza i-ultrasound, khona-ke i-echogenicity ye-pancreas izofaniswa ngokuphelele nezifundo ezifanayo zesibindi, i.e. Kuzoba ngesakhiwo esifanayo futhi kuhlalwe kahle. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obucacile phakathi kobuntu bomuntu kanye nokuqina kwezimpawu zalesi sitho. Ngakho-ke, kubantu abanciphile kukhona ukunyuswa kwe-echogenicity, futhi ngokugcwele - kuncishisiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, emavikini angama-5, ukukhula kokuqala kwalesi sitho kwenzeka. Inqubo yokwenziwa kwamanyikwe iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ingane ineminyaka eyisithupha. Ngokwemvelo, ubukhulu besitho bukhula kancane kancane, kuya ngeminyaka yengane:
- Usana olusanda kuzalwa - usayizi cishe cm 5.5.
- Ingane ineminyaka engu-1 ubudala - ubukhulu bungama-7 cm.
- Enganeni eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, ubukhulu bendlala bufika sekuvele buyi-15 cm.
Usayizi wamanyikwe, isakhiwo saso
Uma sikhuluma ngosayizi wesitho kumuntu omdala, khona-ke angahluka. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bendlala buba kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-23 cm, nobukhulu bungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 cm. Isisindo sesitho sihluka futhi, kuya ngeminyaka yomuntu. Ukwenza isibonelo, endodeni noma kowesifazane oneminyaka ephakathi, lesi sitho singaba nesisindo esisuka ku-60 kuye kuma-80 amagremu, futhi kubantu abadala asidluli kuma-60 amagremu.
Amapharamitha womzimba angahambisana namazinga angenhla. Ukwanda kwesitho kungenzeka nge-pancreatitis, ebonakala ngenqubo yokuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwezicubu. Ngakho-ke, isitho esandisiwe sicindezela kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi eziseduzane, okunomthelela omubi emzimbeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-atrophy ye-parenchyma ibonakala ngokuncipha kosayizi wamanyikwe. Kungakho, uma unophawu okungenani olulodwa lwesimpawu, njengobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, kufanele ufune usizo ngokushesha.
Isakhiwo sesitho sinje:
- Ikhanda. Yiyo ingxenye ebukhulu kakhulu ye-gland, futhi itholakala okhalweni lwe-duodenum, kancane ngakwesokunene somgogodla.
- Umzimba. Itholakala ekujuleni kwesisu, idlulela kwesobunxele sesisu.
- Umsila, lapho kutholakala khona amaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone. Itholakala eduzane nesibazi.
Ngokuvamile, ingxenye eyinhloko yalesi sitho i-parenchyma, embozwe ngaphezulu nge-capsule eminyene. Isabelo se-parenchyma sesakhiwo sonke sesitho ngamaphesenti angama-98 esisindo sonke.
Indawo Yendawo
Indawo amanyikwe nayo ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwesitho. Njengoba sishilo, isikhundla somzimba simi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-gland, ngaphandle kwekhanda, itholakala ngemuva kwesisu. Kokubili umzimba nomsila wesitho engxenyeni yesobunxele yesibeletho ingaphezulu kwenkaba - cishe 7 cm.
- Ngokuqondene nalokho, imbozwe yi-loopenum ebunjiwe ngamahhashi.
Ukutholakala kwamanyikwe kukhulu kangangokuba kuvikelwe ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ikholomu yomgogodla itholakala ngemuva kwe-gland, kanti isisu singaphambili. Ezinhlangothini, konke kuvikelwe futhi:
- Ngakwesokudla kune-duodenum.
- Ngakwesobunxele kukhona i-spleen.
Ukuxhumana neminye imizimba
Umsebenzi wamanyikwe uhlobene kakhulu nokusebenza kwezitho ezitholakala eduze. Emhlabeni indlala kukhona izinso, ipheshana lesisu, isibindi, imithambo yegazi eminingi, njll. Ngokwemvelo, uma esinye sezitho sithinteka yinoma iyiphi i-pathology, khona-ke lokhu kungathinta isimo sezinye izitho eziseduzane. Lokhu kuchaza ukufana kwezimpawu zezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Umsebenzi wokusebenza kwendlala uhlobene kakhulu nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-duodenum. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ehlushwa isilonda samathumbu, khona-ke ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kungenzeka atholakale ekuthola i-pancreatitis. Isibonakaliso salesi sifo inqubo yokuvuvukala emgudwini obangelwa ukuncipha kweziqubu.
Uma ukwelashwa okufanele kungaqaliwe ngesikhathi, khona-ke ama-pancreas angavele ayeke ukusebenza. Mina. umzimba ngeke ukhiqize ukwakheka kwama-enzyme nama-hormone, futhi izicubu zomzimba zizohlulwa yi-necrosis kanye nokufakwa kancane kancane kwesicubu nesithako esisebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi yokutheleleka nge-purulent, okuvele kusongo lwangempela empilweni yeziguli, ngoba i-peritonitis iba nengemuva lesizinda sabo.
Isifo se-pancreatic
Ngokwe-ICD-10, ama-pancreas angahlaselwa yizifo eziningana.
Isifo esijwayeleka kakhulu abantu abaneminyaka ehlukahlukene bahlupheke ngaso si-pancreatitis esibuhlungu.
Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yephutha lomuntu osebenzisa kabi utshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pancreatitis eyingozi ivela ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kokudla okulimazayo, kufaka phakathi ukudla okunamafutha nokubhemayo.
- Izici zokuzizwa.
- Amatshe ku-blallder yenyongo.
- Isici esibuhlungu, kanye nezinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukwemukelwa kwamaqembu athile wemithi.
Kuyacaca ukuthi kulokhu kugula, kunqunywa ukudla okuqinile, ukuqeda ngokuphelele usawoti, othosiwe kanye nokudla okunosawoti.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cyst kulesi sitho ivame ukutholakala. I-bubble egcwele uketshezi etholakala ku-parenchyma. Imbangela yokubonakala kokubumbeka kokubumbana kwe-cystic ayikwazi nje kuphela indlela yokuphila engalungile yomuntu, kodwa futhi nokuba khona kwezifo ezivela eceleni.
Ikakhulu, i-pancreatitis yezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ukutheleleka, kanye neoplasms ebabayo ne-benign neoplasms kungathinta ukubonakala kwe-cyst.
Uma umuntu enenqubo ephazamisekile yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni, khona-ke uba nesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa, kuvela ngokungafani nesizinda sokuchazwa komuntu kofuzo kulokhu kugula, kepha kungahle kube nezinye izizathu:
- Ukhuluphele.
- Ezinye izifo zalesi sitho.
- Ukuhlala unomphela ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
- Umkhuhlane nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane.
- Ukuguga.
Nalu uhlu lwezinye izifo lapho i-pancreas ihlupheka khona.
I-pancreatic necrosis. Lesi sifo sibonisa ngokushintsha okubhubhisayo ku-organ parenchyma, okungenzeka kuphambane nesizinda se-pancreatitis esibuhlungu. Zikhona nezinye izizathu zokwakhiwa kwale ndlela yokufundisa, kodwa cishe ezimweni eziyi-10% akunakwenzeka ukuthola zonke izimo ezidale lokhu kugula.
Umdlavuza Lesi sifo sithathwa njengejwayelekile, kepha siyenzeka. Phakathi kwezinto ezicasulayo kungaphawulwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwemikhuba emibi, ukukhulupha ngokweqile kanye nesici sofuzo.
Njengoba sibona, iningi lezinkinga ngama-pancreas belingavinjelwa uma umuntu eqinile ngokwendlela yakhe yokuphila. I-Alcohol, ugwayi, ukudla okunamafutha nosawoti - konke lokhu, ngandlela thile, kuthinta isimo salesi sitho. Kuyiqiniso, izifo ze-pancreatic ezivela hhayi kuphela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuhlukunyezwa kwemikhuba emibi, kepha zingenye zezimbangela eziphambili ze-pathologies ezingenhla.
Imithi ehlukahlukene ingasiza ekulweni nabo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela ophila ngayo nokudla ngayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungafinyelela imiphumela yokwelashwa.
Isiphetho
Ama-pancreas enza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile, ngaphandle kwawo umzimba wawungeke ube khona. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo saso, lapho singaphinde sigcwalise khona imikhiqizo elimazayo notshwala. Lokhu kuthinta hhayi kuphela isimo sesitho uqobo, kepha futhi kukhuthaza ukubonakala kokuvela kwesimila.
Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yamanyikwe kuchazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
