Amanyikwe (ama-pancreas) yingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokugaya ukudla kanye nokudla emzimbeni. Kokubili i-endocrine nesitho se-exocrine. Ufaka imfihlo ebizwa ngokuthi i-pancreatic (pancreatic), edonswa ngemigqa ehambelana ne-duodenum. Imisebenzi ye-Exocrine ingukuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni angena ngqo egazini.
Ngesikhathi sokugaya, amanyikwe awengeza isibindi, okuwukuthi i-gallder. Ngenkathi i-bile ifakwa kwi-duodenum ukuze ichithe phansi amafutha, ujusi we-pancreatic uyadingeka ikakhulukazi ekucubungululeni ukudla kwe-carbohydrate. Ukusebenza kwe-hormonal of gland nakho kuhlotshaniswa nalokhu: ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Lesi sakamuva, njengoba uyazi, umhlanganyeli obophekile enqubweni yokwenziwa kwama-carbohydrate alula noshukela. Ngakho-ke i-iron inethonya eliphelele ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal kanye nenhlala-kahle yomuntu.
Indima esemaphakathi yesitho ihambelana nendawo yayo emzimbeni. Itholakala maphakathi nesisu ezingeni le-I - III lumbar vertebrae. I-spleen isondele pancreas kwesokudla, i-duodenum kwesobunxele. Ngaphezulu yisisu, esimboza isitho ngaphambili, uma umuntu engena esikhundleni sobukhosi. Isikhundla se-pancreas silungisiwe, i.e., akuxhomekile ekuhambeni komzimba.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi kusitho kuhlinzekwa i-aorta yesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isatshalaliswa phakathi kwemithambo emincane ye-splenic, gastroduodenal, ephakeme neguqukayo ye-pancreatic. Ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-splenic ne-portal vein.
Ukwakheka kwama-macroscopic wesitho
Isakhiwo samanyikwe sihlukaniswe saba yiminyango esebenzayo. Ama-Anatomists ahlukanisa izingxenye ezintathu ekwakhiweni kwesitho.
Iminyango iyahlukahluka endaweni nezinye izitho zangaphakathi nokubukeka
Iminyango elandelayo yesisekelo ye-anatomical ye-gland ihlukaniswa:
- Ikhanda; inobubanzi obukhulu kunabo bonke (kufika ku-3.5 cm) ngobude be-I kuya ku-III lumbar vertebrae. Lapha, kusuka ku-pancreatic duct ejwayelekile, amagatsha amagatsha angeziwe kanye nama-enzyme akhishwa emathunjini.
- Umzimba. Itholakala kwinqanaba I le-ltear vertebra, ububanzi bayo abudluli ku-2,5 cm. Inhloso ukuxhuma izindunduma zomsila nekhanda, kanye nokufihla kwejusi ye-pancreatic.
- Umsila. Ukuphakama kufana ne-vertebra yesi-II, ubukhulu obukhulu bungamasentimitha amathathu. Ukuqongelelwa okukhulu kweziqhingi zaseLangerhans kuphawulwe kuyo.
Ubude obuphelele bamapancake aphilile kumuntu omdala buphakathi kuka-16-23 cm. Ukwakheka kwamanyikwe abantu kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
I-duct ejwayelekile inobude obulingana nobude be-gland futhi ixhumeka ku-duodenum nge-papilla enkulu. Futhi, i-papilla encane ihlukanisa amathumbu emgodini owengeziwe we-pancreas. Zombili izindlela zokuphuma kwesisu zizungezwe isethi yemisipha yokucindezela okufika ngesikhathi nokuvula. Ububanzi be-lumen ye-tube enkulu bufika ku-2 mm emsileni no-4 mm ekhanda.
Ngakho-ke, ama-pancreas anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-alveolar. Kalula nje, indlala igcwele imichilo emincane, enwebayo lapho besondela kokujwayelekile (eWirsung duct). Zihlelwe ngamagatsha futhi zidla ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-parenchyma. I-Parenchyma yisakhiwo seseli esiyisisekelo, esingenangqondo sesitho. Kulokhu, inesici esinjalo somlando:
- i-acini (umsebenzi we-exocrine) - 98%;
- izichibi zeLangerhans (umsebenzi we-endocrine) - 2%.
Okusho ukuthi, inqwaba yamapancreas inikeza ukucasha kwangaphandle ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
Ama-iswitch pancreatic asebenza ngokuzimela emnyangweni we-exocrine. Ukuqongelelwa okukhulu kutholakala esigabeni somsila. Zitholakala kumanyikwe phakathi kwamaseli asele, kepha ungabophisi emiseleni yejusi.
Esiqhingini ngasinye, amangqamuzana amakhemikhali axutshwe kahle futhi anobuhle. Izakhiwo ezivuthiwe zibonakala ngokuhleleka. Lesi siqhingi sizungezwe igobolondo lezicubu ezithintekayo, futhi ngaphakathi lihlukaniswe ngamabamba ahlukanisiwe afakwe emigqonyeni yegazi.
Maphakathi ne-lobules iqoqo lamaseli we-beta, nasemaphethelweni amaseli we-alpha ne-delta. Ziyahlukahluka ngezimpawu ezisebenzayo futhi kuxoxwa ngazo ngezansi.
Umsebenzi we-pancreatic
Isakhiwo samanyikwe abantu sihlobene ngqo nenhloso yesici ngasinye esisebenzayo. Isakhiwo se-anatomical sesitho sihloselwe ukwakheka okusheshayo nokususwa kwama-enzyme.
Ngomthwalo owandayo, umnyango wezimfihlo wekhanda uyaqala bese kuthi okulandelayo kuvulwe. Ijusi ye-gastric yakhiqizwa yi-acini futhi ihanjiswa ngohlelo lwama -hubhu ukuya e-duodenum. Umkhiqizo secretion uqukethe enzymes elandelayo:
- I-Amylase iyi-enzyme ediliza isitashi ibe ngama-saccharides alula.
- I-Lipase - iphula phansi amafutha kanye namafutha acid, amavithamini A, D, E, K.
- Amaprotheni - aphula amaprotheni abe ama-amino acid.
Ukuqina kwama-pancreas kuya ngohlobo lokudla oluthathiweyo. Ama-enzymes amaningi adinga imifino nemikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate, bese kuba amafutha. Ubisi lwalo lonke ujusi luyadingeka ekugayweni kwamaprotheni. Kuyiqiniso, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi kuncike ekucacisweni kokudliwayo.
Ukwakheka nemisebenzi yeziqhingi zamaLangerhans kuqondakala ngokuphelele kwezokwelapha zesimanje. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-Russian endocrinologist L.V. Sobolev yaphetha - ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwama-isanc we-pancreatic yisimiso se-carbohydrate metabolism. Ukwehla kwemisebenzi yabo kubangela i-malaise nesifo sikashukela esijwayelekile.
Njengoba bekushiwo, isiqithi ngasinye sihlukaniswe ngamabibi azungezwe ama-capillaries. Amangqamuzana akuso anokulandelayo.
- Ama-α-cell (15-20%) - akha isakhiwo sendandatho emaphethelweni e-lobe, akhiqize i-glucagon, umphikisi we-insulin, kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe izinga elifanele likashukela egazini;
- Ama-β-cell (65-80%) - iqembu esikhungweni, likhiqiza i-insulin;
- Amaseli we--10-cell (3-10%) - futhi atholwe eduze nomaphethelo, ahlanganise i-somatostatin, evimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula kanye namahomoni amabili edlule;
- Amaseli we-PP (3-5%) - akhiqiza i-enzyme ecindezela ukusebenza kwamanyikwe;
- Ama-Ε-cell (<1%) - akhiqiza i-ghrelin, ebhekene nesifiso sokudla.
I-pancreas inemisebenzi eguquguqukayo nendima enkulu yomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ukwephulwa kwemodi yokusebenza kwe-PCA kufaka imiphumela eminingana.
Ama-pathologies ekusebenzeni nasekuthuthukiseni indlala
Njengomphumela wezifo ze-gallder noma ukuphuza utshwala (hhayi isikhathi eside), isifo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-pancreatitis singabonakala. Izibonakalisa ekuvuvukaleni kweziqubu zamanyikwe. Lesi sifo siqala ngezindlela ezimbili: sibi futhi singamahlalakhona.
Ezinye izinto zingavusa ukwanda kwengcindezi kumgodi oyinhloko we-pancreas, kubangele i-edema kanye nokwenza kusebenze kwangaphambi kwezinto ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqala k ijusi le-pancreatic esakhiweni uqobo kanye nomonakalo wezicubu ezizungezile. Uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo wubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini esingenhla, okungasizi ama-analgesics.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili lezi zindlela zepancreatitis zivezwa yizimpawu:
- Ukushisa okuphezulu.
- Ukucindezela kokudlula. I-pancreatitis yotshwala ihlala ihambisana ne-arterial hypertension (umfutho wegazi ophezulu).
- Izimpawu ze-dyspeptic.
- Ukuqhakaza.
- Ukuhlanya.
Ifomu elingamahlalakhona lidala ukulimala kwezicubu ezingapheli. Kukhona izinguquko emlandweni wesitho nokuwohloka okujwayelekile ekusebenzeni kwe-exocrine ne-endocrine. Futhi, ukungondleki kweseli i-endocrine kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin futhi kubangele isifo sikashukela.
Uma kusolakala ukuthi i-pancreatitis ebaluleke kakhulu, kufanele kubizwe i-ambulensi ngokushesha, ngoba ukwelashwa kwaleli fomu kungenzeka kuphela esimweni sasesibhedlela. Ukubalwa kokuhlaselwa okuqinile kususelwa ekwenqabeleni ukudla nasekusebenziseni izinto ezibandayo esiswini.
Lesi sifo sitholakala ngezindlela eziningana: ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwelashwa kanye nokubandakanya, i-urinalysis, indle. I-Ultrasound kwesinye isikhathi iyasetshenziswa, yize le akuyona indlela ethembekile. Inikeza incazelo yezinguquko esakhiweni nase-edema kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Kwi-pancreatitis engapheli, isiguli sinqunyelwe ekudleni. Isici sayo ukunciphisa umsebenzi womzimba othintekile. Futhi, njengoba imisebenzi yomdlavuza we-Prostate ibanzi, ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla okujwayelekile iwela ngaphansi kwe-contraindication.
Noma yikuphi ukudla okunamafutha kunqatshelwe: imvelaphi yemifino nezilwane:
- izitsha ezithosiwe nezabhemayo, ukudla okusemathinini kanye nososeji;
- izitsha ezi-spice;
- i-fiber coarse: amazambane, iklabishi, amakhowe, izaqathe, ithanga, izigaxa;
- Ijusi entsha
- ikhofi, utshwala, amanzi acwebezelayo.
Kunconywa futhi ukuthi ungasebenzisi amaswidi we-pancreatitis. Okuhlukile kuba yizimo lapho lesi sifo sidlulela esigabeni sokuxolelwa okuqhubekayo.
Ekwelapheni i-pancreatitis, kunconywa:
- Yidla ukufudumele kuphela.
- Pheka kuqala noma ubhake izithelo nemifino.
- Iphalishi le-Liquid, inyama ebilisiwe engenamafutha, amaqanda aqhekeziwe, ushizi we-cottage shizi onamafutha amancane.
- Thela njalo emahoreni amathathu ngezingxenye ezincane.
- Ukudalwa kwamavithamini A, C, B1, B2, B12, K, PP.
Ngaphezu kokudla, isiguli kwesinye isikhathi sibekelwa ezinye izidakamizwa, ngokwesibonelo, i-Creon, i-Mezim, ne-Pancreatin. Zonke zinomphumela omuhle enqubweni yokuphulukiswa kwezicubu futhi zithuthukise ukugaya.
Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yamanyikwe kuchazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
