Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin: yini?

I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin ifaka ama-10% kuphela ezigameko ezihambisana nokwanda kwe-glucose yegazi.

Yize kunjalo, inani labanesifo sikashukela liyanda minyaka yonke, futhi iRussia iphakathi kwamazwe amahlanu ahamba phambili ngenani leziguli ezinalesi sifo.

Luhlobo lolukhulu lwesifo sikashukela futhi luvame ukutholakala esemncane.

Yini okudingeka yenziwe yilowo nalowo muntu ngesimo esincike kwisifo sikashukela ukuvikela, ukuxilonga nokwelapha lesi sifo ngesikhathi? Lo mbhalo uzonikeza impendulo kulokhu.

Izinhlobo eziphambili zesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela mellitus (DM) yisifo semvelaphi ye-autoimmune, ebonakala ngokukhishwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone enciphisa ushukela ebizwa nge- "insulin". Inqubo enjalo ye-pathogenic iholela ekuqongeleleni i-glucose egazini, ebhekwa njenge "mfutho wamandla" wezinhlaka zamaselula nezicubu. Futhi, izicubu namaseli kuncipha amandla adingekayo bese ziqala ukudiliza amafutha kanye namaprotheni.

I-insulin ukuphela kwe-hormone emzimbeni wethu ekwazi ukulawula ushukela wegazi. Kukhiqizwa amaseli we-beta, atholakala eziqhingini zeLangerhans zamanyikwe. Kodwa-ke, emzimbeni womuntu kunenqwaba yamanye ama-hormone akhulisa ukugcwala kweglucose. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, i-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine, ama- "command" ama-hormone, ama-glucocorticoids nabanye.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kuthinteka ezintweni eziningi, okuzoxoxwa ngazo lapha ngezansi. Kukholelwa ukuthi indlela yamanje yokuphila inethonya elikhulu kule ndlela, ngoba abantu banamuhla bavame ukukhuluphala futhi bangadlali imidlalo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezifo yilezi:

• thayipha i-1 isifo sikashukela esincike kushukela (i-IDDM);
• uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus (NIDDM);
• isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela esincike kushukela (i-IDDM) yisifo lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumile ngokuphelele. Ososayensi abaningi nodokotela bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwe-IDDM ifa. Lesi sifo sidinga ukubhekwa njalo nokubekezela, ngoba namuhla azikho izidakamizwa ezingalapha isiguli ngokuphelele. Imijovo ye-insulin iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.

Uhlobo lwe-2 ye-mellitus (i-NIDDM) yohlobo lwe-2 olungabonakali olungena nge-insulin lubonakala ngokungaboni kahle kwamaseli okuqondiwe yi-hormone enciphisa ushukela. Ngokungafani nohlobo lokuqala, ama-pancreas ayaqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa amaseli aqala ukuphendula ngokungalungile kuwo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo, njengomthetho, luthinta abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 kuya kwengama-5. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba kusiza ukugwema ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin.

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sikhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Emzimbeni womama okhulelwe, izinguquko ze-hormonal zenzeka, ngenxa yalokho izinkomba zeglucose zinganda.

Ngendlela efanele yokwelashwa, lesi sifo siyanyamalala ngemuva kokubeletha.

Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela

Naphezu kwesilinganiso esikhulu sokucwaninga, odokotela nososayensi abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo eqondile yombuzo mayelana nembangela yesifo sikashukela.

Okudalula kahle amasosha omzimba ukuthi asebenze ngokumelene nomzimba uqobo kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo.

Noma kunjalo, izifundo nokuhlolwa kwakungeyona ize.

Kusetshenziswa ucwaningo kanye nokuhlola, bekungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izinto eziphambili lapho amathuba okuba khona kwesifo sikashukela esincike kakhulu ku-insulin. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. Ukungalingani kwe-Hormonal ebusheni obuhambisana nesenzo sokukhula kwamahomoni.
2. Ubulili bomuntu. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ingxenye efanelekile yabantu inamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nesifo sikashukela.
3. Ukhuluphele. Amaphawundi angeziwe aholela ekubekeni ezindongeni ze-cholesterol ezinemithambo kanye nokunyuka kokuhlushwa koshukela egazini.
4. Izakhi zofuzo Uma i-mellitus ethembele noma i-insulin enganciki i-insulin itholakala kumama nobaba, khona-ke enganeni nayo izovela ngamacala angama-60-70%. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi amawele ngasikhathi sinye ahlushwa yile ndlela yokufundisela ngokutholakala kwama-58-65%, namawele - 16-30%.
5. Umbala wesikhumba somuntu nawo uthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ngoba isifo sikashukela sivame kakhulu ngo-30% emncintiswaneni we-Negroid.
6. Ukwephulwa kwama-pancreas nesibindi (i-cirrhosis, i-hemochromatosis, njll.).
7. Indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, imikhuba emibi nokudla okungalungile.
8. Ukukhulelwa, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal.
9. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngama-glucocorticoids, ama-antipsychotic atypical, ama-beta-blockers, ama-thiazides nezinye izidakamizwa.

Ngemuva kokuhlaziya okungenhla, kungenzeka ukubona isici esiyingozi lapho iqembu elithile labantu lisengozini enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela. Kufaka:

• abantu abakhuluphele;
• abantu abane-genetic predisposition;
• iziguli ezihlushwa i-acromegaly kanye ne-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome;
• iziguli ezine-atherosclerosis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma i-angina pectoris;
• abantu abane-cataralog;
• abantu bathambekele kuma-allergies (eczema, neurodermatitis);
• iziguli ezithatha i-glucocorticoids;
• abantu ababa nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nesifo sohlangothi;
• abesifazane abakhulelwe abangajwayelekile;

Iqembu lengozi libuye lifake nabesifazane abazala ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4 kg.

Ungayibona kanjani i-hyperglycemia?

Ukwanda okusheshayo kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose kungumphumela wokuthuthuka "kokugula okumnandi". Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin asikwazi ukuzwakala isikhathi eside, sibhubhisa kancane kancane izindonga zemisipha nokuphela kwezinzwa cishe kwazo zonke izitho zomzimba womuntu.

Kodwa-ke, nge-mellitus encike kwisifo sikashukela kunezimpawu eziningi. Umuntu olalela impilo yakhe uzokwazi ukubona amasiginali womzimba akhombisa i-hyperglycemia.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinkomba zesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin? Phakathi kwama-polyuria amabili amakhulu (ukuchama ngokushesha), kanye nokoma okungapheli. Zihlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wezinso, ezihlunga igazi lethu, zikhipha isidakamizwa ezintweni eziyingozi. Ushukela omningi ubuthi ubuthi, ngenxa yalokho buchithwa emchameni. Umthwalo owandayo ezinso ubangela ukuba isitho esidlulile emzimbeni sidwebe uketshezi olulahlekile kusuka ezicutshini zemisipha, sibangele lezo zimpawu zesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin.

Ukuba nesiyezi njalo, i-migraine, ukukhathala kanye nokulala kabi kungenye yezimpawu ezibonakala kulesi sifo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngokuntuleka kweglucose, amaseli aqala ukubhidliza amafutha kanye namaphrotheni ukuthola amandla adingekayo. Njengomphumela wokubola, kuvela izinto ezinobuthi okuthiwa imizimba ye-ketone. Indlala yeselula, ngaphezu kwemiphumela enobuthi yama-ketones, ithinta ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, isiguli sikashukela asilali kahle ebusuku, asilali ngokwanele, asikwazi ukugxila, ngenxa yalokho sikhononda ngesiyezi nesihlungu.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isifo sikashukela (ifomu 1 no-2) sithinta kabi izinzwa nezindonga zemithambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayabhujiswa nezindonga zemithambo ziba mncanyana. Lokhu kufaka imiphumela eminingi. Isiguli singakhala ngokukhinyabezeka ku-visual acuity, okuwumphumela wokuvuvukala kwe-retina yeso eyehlo elimbozwe ngamanethiwekhi emithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzindla noma ukudinwa emilenzeni nasezingalweni kuyizimpawu zesifo sikashukela.

Phakathi kwezimpawu zesifo "esimnandi", kufanele kubhekwe ngokukhethekile ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokuzala, abesilisa nabesifazane. Engxenyeni eqinile, izinkinga zomsebenzi we-erectile ziqala, kuthi kwababuthakathaka, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uphazamiseka.

Okuncane kakhulu yizimpawu ezinjengokuphulukiswa kwenxeba isikhathi eside, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, umfutho wegazi okhuphukile, indlala engenangqondo, kanye nokunciphisa umzimba.

Imiphumela yokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela

Ngokungangabazeki, isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin futhi esingaxhasi i-insulin, siyathuthuka, sibhubhisa cishe zonke izinhlelo zezitho zangaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu. Lo mphumela ungagwenywa ngokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nangokunakekelwa okusebenzayo okusebenzayo.

Inkinga eyingozi kakhulu yesifo sikashukela sefomu elizimele nethembela ku-insulin yi-coma yesifo sikashukela. Lesi simo sibonisa izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukuphefumula nokuxinana, ukungazi kahle, ukufiphala. Kulokhu, ukululama okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka ukuze uvuseleleke.

Ama-mellitus ancike ku-insulin noma angancikeli i-insulin anezinkinga eziningi uwumphumela wesimo sokungakhathaleli impilo yakho. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-concomitant pathologies kuhlotshaniswa nokubhema, utshwala, indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, ukungondleki kahle, ukuxilongwa okungafinyeleleki kanye nokwelashwa okungasebenzi. Yiziphi izingqinamba eziphawuleka ekuqhubekeni kwesifo?

Izinkinga eziphambili zesifo sikashukela zifaka:

1. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela yisimo lapho kwenzeka khona ukulimala kwe-retinal. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-acuity ebonakalayo iyancipha, umuntu akakwazi ukubona isithombe esigcwele phambi kwakhe ngenxa yokubonakala kwamaphuzu ahlukahlukene amnyama nobunye ubuthakathaka.
2. Isifo i-Periodontal yisifo esidalwa yisifo sezinsini ngenxa yokulimazeka kokudla emzimbeni kanye nokuhamba kwegazi.
3. Isifo sikashukela - iqembu lezifo ezimboza ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene asemaphethelweni aphansi. Njengoba imilenze iyingxenye esekude kakhulu yomzimba ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwegazi, thayipha i-1 isifo sikashukela (sincike ku-insulin) sibangela izilonda ezisesilinganisweni somzimba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuphendula okungalungile, i-gangrene iyakhula. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha ukunqunywa komlenze ophansi.
4. I-Polyneuropathy kwesinye isifo esihlobene nokuzwela kwezingalo nemilenze. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela okungaxhomekeki futhi okungatheni insulin kunciphisa izinkinga zesifo sezinzwa kunika ukuphazamiseka okuningi kwiziguli.
5. Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile, okuqala emadodeni eminyakeni eyi-15 ngaphambili kunontanga babo abangahlushwa yisifo sikashukela. Amathuba okuthuthukisa amandla yi-20-85%, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamathuba aphezulu okuntuleka kwezingane phakathi kwabanesifo sikashukela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-diabetes, ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvela okuvamile komkhuhlane kuyabonakala.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela

Ngokwazi ukuthi ziningi izingqinamba kulesi sifo, iziguli zifuna usizo kudokotela wazo. Ngemuva kokuhlola isiguli, i-endocrinologist, isola uhlobo lwe-pathology oluzimele noma oluyi-insulin, imyalela ukuthi ahlaziye.

Njengamanje, kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola isifo sikashukela. Okulula futhi okusheshayo ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusuka emunweni. Uthango lwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho ekuseni. Ngosuku olungaphambi kokuhlaziywa, odokotela abakukhuthazi ukudla amaswidi amaningi, kepha ukuziphika ukudla nakho akukufanele. Inani elijwayelekile lokuhlushwa ushukela kubantu abanempilo lisukela ku-3.9 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L.

Enye indlela ethandwayo ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kwenziwa amahora amabili. Akukho okudliwayo ngaphambi kocwaningo. Okokuqala, igazi likhishwa emthanjeni, khona-ke isiguli sinikezwa ukuba siphuze amanzi afakwe ushukela ngesilinganiso esingu-3: 1. Ngokulandelayo, umsebenzi wezempilo uqala ukuthatha igazi eline-venous njalo ngehora lehora. Umphumela otholwe ngenhla kwe-11.1 mmol / l ukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwe-insulin oluthembele noma olungathembisi i-insulin.

Ezimweni ezingandile, kwenziwa i-glycated hemoglobin test. Umongo walolu cwaningo ukukala amazinga kashukela egazini izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Lapho-ke imiphumela eveziwe iyaboniswa. Ngenxa yesikhathi sayo eside, ukuhlaziywa akutholanga ukuthandwa okuningi, noma kunjalo, kunikeza isithombe esinembile kochwepheshe.

Kwesinye isikhathi kunqunywa ukuhlolwa komchamo okunzima koshukela. Umuntu ophilile akufanele abe ne-glucose kumchamo, ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwawo kukhombisa i-mellitus yesifo sikazimele noma esezingeni le-insulin.

Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela uzonquma ngokwelashwa.

Izici eziyinhloko zokwelashwa

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luthembele ku-insulin. Lesi simo sibangela ukwelashwa isikhathi eside nokungafanele. Ukugwema uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela esincike kakhulu ku-insulin, imithetho eyisisekelo yokwelashwa okusebenzayo kufanele ilandelwe.

Iziphi izingxenye zokwelapha eziyisihluthulelo sokulungiswa ngempumelelo kwe-glycemia nokulawulwa kwezifo? Lokhu ukwelashwa kokudla ushukela, umsebenzi womzimba, ukuthatha amakhambi kanye nokuhlola njalo amazinga kashukela. Udinga ukutshela okuningi ngayinye yazo.

Ukuze ulondoloze amazinga evamile eglucose, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele balandele indlela ekhethekile yokudla. Akufaki ukudliwa kwama-carbohydrate angagayeki kalula (amaswidi, izithelo ezimnandi), kanye nokudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe. Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin futhi esinga-insulin singalawulwa kalula ngokudla imifino emisha, izithelo ezingafakwanga amajikijolo kanye namajikijolo (ikhabe, ama-apula aluhlaza, uphaya, amajikijolo, ama-sitrobheli), imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngobisi oluncane.

Njengoba isisho sihamba, impilo iyahamba. Ukuzivocavoca kuyisitha sokukhuluphala neshukela. Iziguli zelulekwa ukuthi zenze i-yoga, i-Pilates, ukugijimela, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba neminye imisebenzi esebenzayo.

Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuyisidingo lapho isiguli sithuthukisa i-insulin ethembele ku-insulin. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokufakwa kwe-insulin. Ukwehla okunganele kwamazinga kashukela, odokotela banquma izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic. Yikuphi okufanelekile esigulini, udokotela uyamnquma. Njengomthetho, isiguli sithatha umuthi osuselwa ku-metformin, i-saxagliptin nezinye izakhi ezithile.

Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kufanele zikala ushukela ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemuva komjovo we-insulin, bese uthayipha abantu abanesifo sikashukela okungenani kathathu ngosuku.

Futhi, amakhambi abantu asiza ukwelapha lesi sifo. Kudala amadlozi ethu ayazi ngomthelela okwehla ushukela wezithelo lapho kusekwe emabhonteni obhontshisi, amaqabunga e-lingonberry, amajikijolo kanye nejuniper. Kepha enye indlela yokwelapha engeke isize, isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nemithi.

Isifo sikashukela akusona isigwebo. Le yinto esemqoka okufanele uyikhumbule. Ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi unalesi sifo, umuntu angasola izinguquko emzimbeni wakhe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi eze kudokotela ezohlolwa. Kulomphumela, ungavimbela ukwamukelwa kwemithi eminingi futhi uqinisekise impilo ephelele.

Izimpawu kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kuzoxoxwa ngayo ngochwepheshe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.