Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyi-pathology engapheli lapho kwenzeka khona isifo se-metabolic. Izinga loshukela egazini lomuntu lingaphezu kwejwayelekile.
Kuyadingeka, ngokushesha okukhulu ukuqala ukulawula lesi sifo, yehlise ushukela wegazi futhi ugcine inkomba iqinile. Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela ethole izimbangela zalesi sifo, ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa.
Isimo kufanele silawulwe nge-insulin, amaphilisi nokudla. Kuyasetshenziswa futhi amaphilisi e-insulin. Kuyadingeka ukutadisha uhlu lokudla okuvunyelwe futhi okungavunyelwe, futhi uthathe isinqumo ngemithi ezoletha umphumela omenyezelwe.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Lesi yisifo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Usebenzisa ukudla okune-carb ephansi, ungafinyelela ukwehla kwe-glucose yegazi uma uyigcina njalo.
Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi ukudla kokudla akunambitha.
Usebenzisa ukudla okulinganiselayo, awukwazi nje ukwengeza ushukela wegazi, kepha futhi wehlise umfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol “embi”.
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, lezi zinkinga eziyingozi ziyabonakala:
- isifo senhliziyo
- Iqembu lezigameko eziphansi,
- kunciphe umbono
- izinso ezingasebenzi kahle.
Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kudingeka ukuxilongwa ngokuphelele. Abantu abagulayo baya kudokotela, imvamisa ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo. Kulesi simo, izinkomba ezinzima sezivele ziyaqashelwa.
Kwezokwelapha, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokunquma amazinga ashukela ajwayelekile. Uma isifo sisolwa, u-glucose wegazi kufanele alinganiswe. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa:
- isifo sikashukela
- isifo sikashukela mellitus
- ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile.
Kwezinye izimo, kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo zohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Lokhu kugula kukhonjelwa ekwelashweni okuhlukile ngokuyisisekelo, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa okulungile kubaluleke kakhulu. Zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zikhuluphele futhi zikhuluphele.
Uma umuntu ezonda noma eyisidina, khona-ke nakanjani akanaso isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi sifo siyindlela ye-autoimmune yohlobo 1 sikashukela noma i-LADA.
Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izinga le-C-peptide ne-insulin egazini liyaphakanyiswa noma lijwayelekile, kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 liphansi. Ukugula kohlobo 2 kwakhiwa kancane kancane, uhlobo 1 sikashukela luhlala njalo luqala. Thayipha oshukela Diabetes 1 bavame ukuba nama-antibodies kumaseli we-pancreatic beta kanye ne-insulin egazini labo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 akusona isigwebo, noma kunjalo, udinga ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ngoba isigaba sokugcina salesi sifo sinokuholela ekufeni komuntu. Kwezinye izimo, uhlobo olubi 2 lwesifo sikashukela luqala ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha.
Izidakamizwa ziyeka ukusiza futhi ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenxa yokwelashwa okungalungile isikhathi eside, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siguqulwe saba uhlobo olubi lwesifo sikashukela.
Kubalulekile ukuqala ngokushesha imijovo ye-insulin.
Umsuka wezibhebhe ze-insulin
Izinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwemithi kudala zicabanga ngohlobo olusha lwezokwelapha olungangena emzimbeni wesiguli ngaphandle kwemijovo.
Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokuthi yikuphi okungcono awufanele.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, amaphilisi e-insulin aqala ukwenziwa ngososayensi base-Israyeli nabase-Australia. Abantu ababambe iqhaza ezifundweni baqinisekisile ukuthi amaphilisi angcono kakhulu futhi alungele ukwedlula imijovo. Ukuthatha i-insulin ngomlomo kulula futhi kushesha, kuyilapho ukusebenza kahle akuncishisiwe.
Lapho kwenziwa izivivinyo zezilwane, ososayensi bahlela ukuqhubekela phambili bayohlola i-insulin emaphaketheni, phakathi kwabantu. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoqala ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo. Njengamanje, iRussia neNdiya ikulungele ngokuphelele ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa.
Amaphilisi anezinzuzo eziningi:
- zilungele ukuthwalwa
- ukuphuza iphilisi kulula kunokukunikeza umjovo,
- lapho ungathathi buhlungu.
Izinzuzo ezibhebheni ze-insulin
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esivezwa ngamazinga kashukela aphezulu ngenxa yokungabikho (uhlobo 1 sikashukela) noma ukuntuleka (uhlobo 2 sikashukela) secretion ye-insulin. I-insulin yi-hormone elawula imetabolism, ikakhulukazi, ama-carbohydrate, kanye namaprotheni namafutha.
Ngesifo sikashukela, i-metabolism iyaphazamiseka, ngakho-ke, ukugcwala koshukela egazini kuyakhuphuka, kuchithwa kumchamo. Izidumbu zeKetone zivele ngokushesha egazini - imikhiqizo yokushiswa kwamafutha angasebenzi.
I-glucose ivela egazini lomuntu ngemuva kokudla. Ephendula ukwanda kwe-glucose, ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin engena emithanjeni emithanjeni yegazi kanye nemikhiqizo yokugaya.
Futhi, isibindi silawula inani le-insulin efinyelela kwezinye izitho nezicubu. Lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela enza umjovo we-insulin, khona-ke i-insulin ingena ngokushesha egazini.
Uma kungekho kulawulwa kwesibindi, lesi simo sivezwa ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo:
- izifo zenhliziyo,
- ukungasebenzi kwengqondo nabanye.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi amaphilisi e-insulin angathathwa. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi okuphephe kakhulu ukuthatha i-insulin ezibhebheni. Lapho wenza ukukhetha: imijovo noma amaphilisi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isidingo semijovo yansuku zonke ibangela ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba nangokomuntu kumuntu, ikakhulukazi izingane.
Lapho umuntu ogulayo ephuza amaphilisi e-insulin, khona-ke umuthi ungena ngokushesha esibindini. Izinqubo ezengeziwe ziyafana nezinqubo emzimbeni womuntu onempilo.
Imiphumela emibi ebangelwa yimpilo ngenkathi uthatha i-insulin iba incane kakhulu.
Ukudalwa kwe-insulin yethebhulethi
I-insulin uhlobo oluthile lwamaprotheni ama-pancreas akha. Uma kunokushoda komzimba ku-insulin, khona-ke i-glucose ayifinyeleli kumaseli wezicubu. Cishe zonke izinhlelo nezitho zomuntu ziba nesifo sikashukela.
Abaphenyi baseRussia baqala ukwakha amaphilisi e-insulin ngeminyaka yama-90s. Njengamanje, umuthi "Ransulin" ulungele ukukhiqizwa.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin engamjova yesifo sikashukela ziyatholakala. Ukusetshenziswa akusilungele isiguli, naphezu kokufakwa kwe-insulin nezinaliti ezikhiphekayo.
Futhi, ubunzima busebucikweni bokucutshungulwa kwalesi zinto kwifomu lethebhulethi ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu. I-hormone inesisekelo samaprotheni futhi isisu sikubheka njengokudla okwejwayelekile, okuthi ngenxa yalokho ikunqume kube ngama-amino acid, kukhipha ama-enzyme athile kulokhu.
Okokuqala, ososayensi kufanele bavikele i-insulin kuma-enzyme ukuze ingene egazini lonke, kodwa ingaboli ibe izinhlayiya ezincane. I-insulin akufanele ihlangane nemvelo yesisu futhi kufanele ingene emathunjini amancane ngendlela yayo yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, into yayifanele ihlanganiswe nokuhlanganiswa - ukuvikelwa kuma-enzyme. Kulokhu, ulwelwesi kufanele futhi luqede ngokushesha amathumbu.
Ososayensi abavela eRussia badale ubudlelwano obucacile phakathi kwama-polymer hydrogel nama-molecule we-inhibitor. I-polysaccharides nayo yengezwe ku-hydrogel ukuze into igcotshwe kangcono emathunjini amancane.
Ama-pectin atholakala emathunjini amancane; ashukumisa ukumuncwa kwezinto lapho ethintana nama-polysaccharides. Ngaphezu kwabo, i-insulin nayo yangeniswa ku-hydrogel. Zombili lezi zinto zazingaxhumani. Ngaphezulu kwekhompiyutha kwakuboshwe, okwakuzovimbela ukuqothuka kwendawo enesisu esiswini.
Lapho sesisesiswini somuntu, kwakhululwa i-hydrogel equkethe i-insulin. I-Polysaccharides yaqala ukusebenzisana nama-pectins, kwathi i-hydrogel yafakwa ezindongeni zamathumbu.
Akuzange kube nokuchithwa kwe-inhibitor emathunjini. Yayivikela ngokuphelele i-insulin emiphumeleni ye-acid nasekuqhekekeni kokuqala. Ngakho-ke, umphumela oyifunayo wafinyelelwa, okungukuthi, i-insulin yangena ngokuphelele egazini lomuntu esimweni salo sokuqala. I-polymer enomsebenzi wokuzivikela ikhishwe emzimbeni kanye nemikhiqizo yokubola.
Ososayensi baseRussia benza izivivinyo zabo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemijovo, iziguli zithole umthamo ophindwe kabili wento esezibhebheni. Ukuhlungwa kwe-glucose kulolu vivinyo kwehlisiwe, kepha kungaphansi kakhulu ngemijovo ye-insulin.
Kwacaca ukuthi kudingeka ukuthi iningi lokuhlushwa likhuphuke, ngakho-ke ithebhulethi manje laline-insulin ephindwe kane. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa umuthi onjalo, ushukela wehlise ngaphezu kokujova kwe-insulin. Futhi, inkinga yokunciphisa ikhwalithi yokugaya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ngobuningi obukhulu isenyamalele.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba waqala ukuthola inani elifanayo le-insulin elalidingeka. Okwedlulele kwasuswa ngokwemvelo nezinye izinto.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe
Ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo ye-insulin ezibhebheni kungathathelwa indawo, futhi isikhathi esithile, ifomu lethebhulethi lizolungisiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esithile, amaphilisi angavimba ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imitha kashukela egazini ekhaya.
Izitokisi zamaseli we-pancreatic beta ancishisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha ushukela wegazi. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kuboniswa yi-glycated hemoglobin, ekhombisa isilinganiso se ushukela wegazi ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Bonke abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlolwe futhi bahlolwe njalo nge-insulin.
Uma inkomba ingaphezu kwenani elivumelekile, khona-ke kufanele ucabange ukuthi ungawuthola kanjani umuthi we-insulin. Ezokwelapha ziphakamisa ukuthi eRussia, cishe ama-23% ohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela athola i-insulin. Labantu yilaba bantu abanoshukela wegazi ophakeme, i-hemoglobin yabo ye-glycated kusuka ku-10% noma ngaphezulu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungukubopha impilo yonke imijovo ye-insulin; lokhu kuyinganekwane evamile. Ungenqaba i-insulin, kepha lokhu kugcwele ukubuyela emazingeni aphezulu kashukela wegazi, okuzoholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene.
Uma unokwelashwa kwe-insulin okulungile, onesifo sikashukela angasebenza futhi aqine.
Imishini yesimanje yokufaka i-insulin enenalithi ezacile yenza sikwazi ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa isidingo semijovo ejwayelekile.
Ukwelashwa nge-insulin akubekelwe bonke abantu abacishe baphele amandla ezitolo zabo ezingama-hormone. Isizathu salokhu kwelashwa kungaba:
- inyumoniya, umkhuhlane,
- ukuphikisana ngokuthatha amaphilisi,
- isifiso somuntu sokuphila impilo ekhululekileyo noma okungenzeka ekudleni.
Ukubuyekezwa okuhle kakhulu kuvela kwabanesifo sikashukela abathatha i-insulin ngasikhathi sinye futhi balandela ukudla.
Ukudla okungenamsoco kuholela esimweni sempilo esihle kwabanesifo sikashukela. Imigomo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kufanele ilandelwe ngoba abanye abantu abagulayo baqala ukuthola isisindo nge-insulin.
Izinga lempilo yabanesifo sikashukela abathatha ukwelashwa okunekhono, inqobo nje uma kungekho zinkinga, liphezulu ngokwezibalo kunabantu abaphilile.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, isihloko sezibhebhe ze-insulin siyaqhubeka.
