Emzimbeni womuntu, i-insulin igcinwa njalo, ngokwesibonelo, njengomfutho wegazi. Kubantu abahlushwa isifo sikashukela, le nqubo iyaphazamiseka futhi kunesidingo somthethonqubo wayo ngokwazisa kwezidakamizwa ezithatha indawo yalesi hormone. I-insulin entsha i-2018 iyaphawuleka ngekhwalithi yayo yezenzo nokuphepha kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Ngemuva komjovo, izinga le-insulin egazini likhuphuka ngokushesha, bese liyehla kancane kancane, okuthinta kabi inhlala-kahle yomuntu, kubangele ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Kunzima ukugcina isimo esijwayelekile somzimba ebusuku, lapho ngisho nokufakwa kwezidakamizwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokulala akusizi ukumisa ukwehla okungenakugwenywa kwamazinga we-insulin wegazi ekuseni.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-insulin amasha kuqhutshwa njalo, okuvumela ukuthi kulondolozwe amazinga eglucose egazini elisezingeni eliqhubekayo usuku lonke.
Yini i-insulin
Le yi-hormone yemvelaphi yamaprotheni, ekhiqizwa amaseli we-beta kumanyikwe.
I-insulin ivumela ama-molecule eglucose ukungena kumaseli, ngakho-ke, amangqamuzana athola amandla adingekayo, futhi i-glucose ayinqwabelana egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ibandakanyeka ekuguqulweni kwe-glucose ibe yi-glycogen. Le nto yiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokugcina amandla omzimba.
Uma ama-pancreas esebenza kahle, khona-ke umuntu ukhipha i-insulin encane, ngemuva kokudla lelo nani le-insulin, elidingakalayo ukusebenza ngamafutha, ama-carbohydrate nezinye izinto.
Ngokuphazamiseka okuningi kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, kwenziwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kanye nokwephulwa okusemthethweni kwalolu hlobo, kuvela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Esikhathini sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, kukhona ukubhujiswa okuhamba kancane kwamaseli we-beta, okuholela ekunciphiseni, bese kuqeda ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngokuphelele. Ukuze umunca ama-carbohydrate eza nokudla, kudingeka i-insulin yangaphandle.
I-insulin insulin ingaba:
- eside
- mfushane
- isenzo se-ultrashort.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani alungile, futhi imvamisa ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekile, kepha umphumela wawo uyaphazamiseka. Ngeke isebenze kulolwelwesi lweseli ukuze amangqamuzana eglucose angangeni ngaphakathi.
Endabeni yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kusetshenziswa imithi ekhethekile eshintsha izici zesenzo se-insulin.
ITresiba
Iqembu lama-insulin amasha lifaka i-deglaude yento, okuyi-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside esebenza ngokulimala. Umphumela uhlala amahora angama-40. Lolu hlobo lwe-insulin lwenzelwe ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 kubantu abadala. Ukuvivinywa kwemitholampilo kwabahlanganyeli abayi-1102 kubonise ukuthi lo muthi uyasebenza ngokulwa nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
I-Tresiba insulin yahlolwa ezilingweni ezi-6 zemitholampilo lapho abafinyelela kwabangaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu bahlanganyele khona. I-Tresiba isetshenziswe njengesijobelelo kuma-ejenti omlomo we-antidiabetesic ekwelapheni iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Abantu abathole le-insulin bafinyelela ezingeni lokulawulwa kwe-glycemic elifana nalelo elenziwe ngeLantus noLevemir. I-Tresiba kufanele iphathwe ngokungahambisani nganoma yisiphi isikhathi 1 isikhathi ngosuku. I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside iyatholakala ngezinguqulo ezimbili:
- Amayunithi ayikhulu / ml (i-U-100), kanye nama-200 amayunithi / ml (U-200),
- Ipeni le-insulin ye-FlexTouch.
Njenganoma yisiphi isidakamizwa, le insulin inemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi:
- imiphumela ye-allergic: anaphylaxis, urticaria,
- I-hypoglycemia,
- I-hypersensitivity: izitulo ezivamisile, ukushuba kolimi, ukulunywa yisikhumba, ukusebenza okunciphile,
- umjovo lipodystrophy,
- ukusabela kwendawo: ukuvuvukala, i-hematoma, ubomvu, ukulunywa, ukuqina.
Ama-insulin amasha we-2018 agcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nezidakamizwa ezidlule. I-insulin kufanele ivikelwe ekubandeni nasezindongeni ngokweqile.
Ukucwaninga nge-insulin entsha kuyaqhubeka, kufaka phakathi ucwaningo lwabanesifo sikashukela abahlala besebenzisa izinhlobo ezintsha ze-insulin. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi insulin enjalo ayithandwa kuwo wonke amazwe.
Manje i-insulin entsha imiselwe emadolobheni amakhulu aseRussia kuphela. Inzuzo engenakuphikwa yezidakamizwa ezinjalo ukuncishiswa kwezigameko ze-hypoglycemia. Uma le nkinga isebenza, ungazama enye yama-insulin amasha.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kunoma yikuphi, kukhona ukwehla kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
I-Ryzodeg
I-Ryzodeg 70/30 i-insulin ifaka i-soluble insulin analogues: i-super insulin insulin (Refludec) esebenza isikhathi eside kanye ne-insulin (i-aspart) esebenza ngokushesha. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kusekelwe ocwaningweni lwezempilo nabaphendule abangama-362 abathole iRyzodeg.
Kwaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ababenenhlobo yokuqala yesifo sikashukela esingu-1 nohlobo 2, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi insulin kwaba nomthelela ekwehlisweni kwe-HbA, uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela ebikade ivela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-insulin exutshwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Imiphumela emibi yale insulin:
- I-hypoglycemia,
- ukungahambi kahle komzimba
- ukusabela endaweni yomjovo,
- lipodystrophy,
- ukulunywa
- imishayo,
- ukuvuvukala
- isisindo somzimba.
UTresiba noRyzodeg akufanele bathathwe ngabantu abane-ketoacitodosis.
I-Tujeo Solostar
IToujeo Insulin Toujeo iyi-insulin entsha ye-basal eyenzelwe abantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Le nto yadalwa nguSanofi.
Inkampani ikhiqiza enye ye-insulin yesimanje edumile. Le mishanguzo isivele ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa eMelika. I-Toujeo yi-insal insulin enephrofayli yokusebenza ngaphezulu kwamahora angama-35. Kusetshenziswa isikhathi esisodwa ngosuku lomjovo. Isenzo sikaTujeo sifana nesenzo somuthi iLantus, okubuye kube nentuthuko yeSanofi.
I-insulin kaTujeo inezikhathi eziningana zokuhlushwa okukhulu kweGlargin, okungukuthi amayunithi angama-300 / ml. Phambilini, lokhu bekungenjalo kwamanye ama-insulin.
Izinhlobo ezintsha ze-insulin, kufaka phakathi iTujeo, zitholakala njengepeni elisebenzisa esisodwa eliqukethe amayunithi e-insulin angama-450 futhi elinomthamo omkhulu wama-80 IU ngomjovo ngamunye. Amapharamitha anqunywa ngesisekelo sezifundo ezenziwa nabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-6.5 abanesifo sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
Lelinani lisho ukuthi ipeni liqukethe i-insulin engu-1.5 ml, futhi lokhu kuyingxenye yesigxobo esijwayelekile esingu-3 ml.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-insulin Tujeo ikhombisa ukulawulwa okuhle koshukela wegazi kanye nengozi ephansi yokwakhiwa kwento eyingozi efana ne-hypoglycemia ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukubuyekezwa kommangalelwa okuhle kakhulu.
I-Basaglar
Inkampani uLilly ivele ne-insulin Basaglar. Lokhu kufinyelela kwakamuva emkhakheni wokukhiqiza insulin isikhathi eside.
I-Basaglar isetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha isifo sikashukela ngendlela ye-insulin yangemuva kanye nokujova okukufutshane noma okufushane. Ibuye isetshenziselwe abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. I-Basaglar isetshenziswa njenge-monotherapy futhi njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwe-hypoglycemic.
I-insulin kufanele iphathwe kanye njalo emahoreni angama-24. Inephrofayili emnene uma iqhathaniswa nezidakamizwa ezeluliwe ezidinga imithamo emibili ngosuku. I-Basaglar yehlisa ingozi ye-hypoglycemia.
Kuyadingeka ukunikeza imijovo nsuku zonke ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukugwema ukunqamula imithamo. Umkhiqizo uthengiswa ngamapeni wesirinji wokupholisa okulula, okulungele ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa.
Ungaphatha ipeni nawe futhi unikeze imijovo noma kunini, noma kuphi.
I-Lantus
Inkampani yaseFrance iSanofi nayo idale uLantus noma uGladgin. Into yanele ukufaka isikhathi esingu-1 emahoreni angama-24. Kunezifundo ezimbalwa ezizimele eziye zenziwa emazweni ahlukene. Bonke bathi ukuphepha kwalesi insulin kwabashukela abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
Lolu hlobo lwe-insulin entsha lubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo futhi luhambisana ngokuphelele nama-hormone akhiqizwa umzimba womuntu. Le nto ayivuseleli ukusabela komzimba futhi ayimilutha.
Umuthi ungasetjenziselwa bobabili abadala nezingane. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima zesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa nge-ultrashort nezidakamizwa ezithatha isikhathi esifushane kudinga ukungezwa.
ILantus isetshenziswa kabanzi e-UK, e-USA nakwamanye amazwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela abathanda ama-insulin anamuhla likhula ngokuqinile. Lapho ushintsha ukuthatha i-insulin enjalo, ubungozi be-glycemia eyengeziwe buyancishiswa.
I-insulin entsha yadalwa ngendlela yesisombululo somjovo esifakiwe nepeni yesirinji. Akukho bunzima kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ekuphatheni umuthi. Enye inzuzo yalokhu kwethulwa ukususwa kwama-overdoses.
Kuze kube manje, i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ayizange ihlangabezane ngokuphelele nokulindelwa kwabanesifo sikashukela. ILantus kufanele ilawule i-insulin emzimbeni usuku lonke, kodwa ekusebenzeni kwayo ukusebenza kwayo kuba buthaka ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12.
Ngenxa yalokho, ezigulini eziningana i-hyperglycemia iqala amahora ambalwa ngaphambi komthamo ohleliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi ye-hypoglycemia inyuka ngokushesha ngemuva komjovo.
I-Lantus ngemuva kokungabikho kwenani lokuphakwa, isebenza amahora angama-24. Ngaphambi kukaLantus, kwakusetshenziswa insulin "insulin":
- I-Rapid entsha
- Isi-Humalog,
- I-Apidra.
Lokhu kufakwa kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engu-1-2. Izidakamizwa zisebenza isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwamahora amabili. Ngemuva komjovo we-insulin yalolu hlobo, udinga ukuthi udle ngokushesha.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma nge-insulin kaTresib.
