I-glucose esegazini ikhuphuka ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate, ukuze izicubu ziwuthathe ngendlela ejwayelekile, umzimba ukhiqiza i-protein insulin. Uma imishini yokufaka insimbi ingasebenzi, i-glycemia iyanda, bese kuba nesifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo sinezigaba eziningana zokuqina, kufanele kuthathwe ukuhlolwa kwelabhu ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo.
Kunezimo lapho inani elikhulu le-glucose lijikeleza egazini, kepha umuntu akaguli nesifo sikashukela. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-glycemia landa ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, ukusebenza kwengqondo isikhathi eside, ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ezimweni ezicindezelayo.
Isici salesi simo ukujwayela ushukela wegazi ngokushesha ngemuva kokunqanyulwa kokuchayeka kokuthile okuvusayo. I-hyperglycemia yesikhashana iba ngenxa yokukhuthaza okusebenzayo kwe-adrenal cortex, ukukhishwa kwama-hormone anomthelela ekubhujisweni kwe-glycogen, kanye nokukhululwa kweglucose. Kulokhu, asikhulumi ngokusongela kwangempela empilweni, kunalokho, kuyindlela yokuvikela umzimba yokuvikela izimo ezinzima.
Ezinye izimbangela zokwenyuka kwesikhashana koshukela wegazi kuzoba:
- ukwethuka kobuhlungu;
- ukulimala kwengqondo;
- isifo sesibindi
- ukusha;
- ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo;
- ukubanjwa isifo sokuwa.
Uma izinga likashukela egazini le-capillary lisesigabeni sisuka ku-5.0 kuye ku-6.0, khona-ke lokhu kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela uzoqaphela lapho imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi itholakala kusuka ku-5.6 kuya ku-6.0, ngoba lokhu kungaba wubufakazi besifo sikashukela.
Kwabadala, izinkomba ezamukelekayo ze-glycemia ziyizinombolo ukusuka ku-3.89 kuya ku-5.83 mmol / ilitha. Enganeni, okujwayelekile kusuka ku-3.33 kuye ku-5.55 mmol / lit. Njengoba iminyaka yobudala bomzimba, izinga likashukela lenyuka minyaka yonke, kumuntu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60, ushukela kusuka ku-5.0 kuya ku-6.0 kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Lapho igazi le-venous lidingidwa esifundweni, izinga landa ngokuzenzekelayo ngamaphesenti ayi-12, imininingwane etholakele ingahluka kusuka ku-3.5 kuye ku-6.1 mmol / ilitha.
Ushukela Wegazi Ngaphezulu kwe-6.6
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinga leshukela egazini le-capillary lomuntu onempilo akufanele liphakame ngaphezu kwe-6.6 mmol / litre. Njengoba igazi elivela emunweni liqukethe ushukela omningi kunokuvela kumthambo, igazi eline-venous akufanele liqukethe ushukela ongekho ngaphezulu kuka-6.1 mmol / litre.
Kuncike ekutheni umphumela wokuhlaziywa ungaphezulu kwe-6.6, udokotela uvame ukuphakamisa i-prediabetes, isimo esikhethekile lapho kwenzeka khona ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-metabolic. Uma ingekho yokwelashwa okuhloswe ngayo ukuguqula lesi simo, isiguli maduze sigula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukufundwa koshukela okusheshayo kuzoba kusuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-7.9 mmol / ilitha, i-hemoglobin ye-glycated kuleli cala isuka ku-5.7 iye ku-6.5%. Ngemuva kwamahora we-1-2 ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate, ushukela wegazi uzoba kusuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.1 mmol / ilitha.
Ukuqinisekisa isifo sikashukela:
- ukuvivinya kabusha igazi nge-glucose;
- thatha isivivinyo sokumelana noshukela;
- hlola igazi nge-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kungukuhlaziywa kokugcina okuthathwa njengokuyiqiniso impela ekutholeni isifo sikashukela.
Uma ushukela uphakanyisiwe kowesifazane okhulelwe, ngu-6.6 mmol, lokhu akubonisi zinkinga zempilo ezisobala.
Ukucabanga ukuthi isifo sikashukela se-latent kungenzeka kuphela ngokunyuka okusheshayo kwe-glycemia.
Izimbangela, ukubonakaliswa kwe-prediabetes
Okusengcupheni ngokuyinhloko yilabo bantu abaphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, banokukhulu kobunzima obuhlukahlukene, banesifiso sokuthola ifa le-hyperglycemia. Amathuba esifo kwabesifazane abathola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa siphezulu kaningana.
Iningi leziguli alizinaki izibonakaliso zokuqala zesimo sikashukela. Ezinye izimpawu zingabonakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
Uma umuntu etholile izimpawu ezifana ne-prediabetes, kudingeka ahlolwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni ngokushesha. Izici zobungozi zizobe zikhuluphele, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, ukukhulelwa, i-ovary polycystic kwabesifazane, i-cholesterol ephakeme, ama-triglycerides.
Izimpawu zobuntu kuzoba:
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukungaboni kahle
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba;
- ukusikisela, ukuchama kaningi;
- ukoma okungapheli;
- ukuhlaselwa ebusuku kokushisa, ama-cramp;
- ikhanda.
I-metabolism ye-glucose engasebenzi kahle ihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwemisebenzi yama-hormonal, ukwehla komkhiqizo we-insulin, ovame ukuholela ekuqwashiseni. Ukuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa kwesikhumba kanye nokukhubazeka okubukwayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kokuxinana kwegazi, ubunzima bokuyidlulisa ngama-capillaries amancane nemithambo yegazi.
Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze unciphise igazi elisindayo? Kulokhu, umzimba udinga ukudonsa uketshezi olwengeziwe, futhi umuntu ngalesi sikhathi unomuzwa wokoma. Lapho isiguli siphuza kakhulu amanzi, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi achame. Lapho nje ushukela wegazi wehlela ku-6.0 noma ngaphansi, le nkinga izoxazululwa yodwa.
Njengoba umthamo we-insulin wehla ngokushesha, ushukela awugcotshwa ngokuphelele amaseli nezicubu zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba uphethwe kabi:
- amandla
- ukondleka;
- iyancipha.
Inqubo ye-pathological iphela ngokuncipha kwesisindo.
Imisipha iyahlupheka futhi ngenxa yokungondleki okwanele kwamangqamuzana, ukugcwala kwenzeka ebusuku, futhi amazinga aphezulu kashukela abangela ukuhlaselwa ukushisa.
Ukulimala kwekhanda nesiyezi kushukela kubangelwa ukulimala okuncane emithanjeni yobuchopho.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Isiguli singafunda ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela ngemuva kokunikela ngegazi likashukela, ngokuvamile isifundo senziwa esiswini esingenalutho, bese kunconywa ukwelashwa. Lapho umphumela wokuhlaziywa kungu-6.1 mmol / ilitha, sikhuluma nge-prediabetes.
Kulesi simo, kunqunywe ukudla okuqinile, ukulwa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuzivocavoca komzimba, ukwenqaba ukulutha. Isiguli kufanele siqaphe nsuku zonke izinkomba zoshukela, i-cholesterol, umfutho wegazi, sigcine isheduli yemfundo yokuzivocavoca. Ngokwengeziwe, i-endocrinologist ingabeka izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-hypoglycemic.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lukhombisa ukuthi, ngokubhekela kokudla okufanele kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, amathuba okuthola isifo sikashukela ancishiswe kakhulu. Ukushintsha imikhuba yokudla kufanele kuqale ngokuncishiswa kokusebenzela. Inani elanele le-fiber namaprotheni kufanele libe khona kumenyu yesiguli. Uma ufaka imifino, izithelo nezinhlamvu ekudleni kwakho, isisu siyagcwala, umuzwa wendlala uyanyamalala.
Odokotela batusa ukulahla noma yikuphi ukudla okunamafutha, ngokuyinhloko kusuka kwimikhiqizo yezimboni engaqediwe, amasoseji, ukudla okusemathinini, amafutha okupheka kanye ne-margarine. Ushukela wawungaphansi kuka-6,6 mmol / ilitha, akumelwe uthathwe nge-offal (ngaphandle kwesibindi senkukhu) futhi ungawadli amahlandla amaningi phakathi nenyanga.
Kuhle uma isiguli sithola amaprotheni emikhiqizweni enjalo:
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle;
- inkukhu emhlophe;
- amakhowe.
Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kube nezithelo nemifino engavuthiwe. Okunye ukutusa ukunciphisa ukudakwa kokudla, inkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu kakhulu: i-pasta, isinkwa, i-muffin, amazambane. Enye indlela efanelekile kulokhu kungukudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele, okuphekwe emanzini ngaphandle kokufaka ibhotela.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukulinganisa inani lamafutha zemifino ekudleni, le ndlela izosiza futhi ukwehlisa ushukela futhi ibuyise isisindo somuntu ejwayelekile.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
Ukuzivocavoca kusiza ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, ukuhamba njalo emoyeni omusha, ukuvivinya umzimba ekuseni kwanele. Ngenxa yemidlalo, amafutha e-subcutaneous ngokweqile alahlekile, inani lamasipha omzimba liyanda, inani lama-insulin receptors landa kakhulu.
Lezi zinqubo zinomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwe-metabolism ngenxa yokwanda kokufaka i-glucose kanye ne-oxidation yayo. Ukulondolozwa kwamafutha kuqala ukudliwa ngokushesha, i-protein metabolism iyasebenza.
Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nokuhamba ngejubane, isimo sengqondo nesengqondo somguli siyathuthuka, futhi amazinga kashukela wegazi ayancipha. Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukhombisa isibalo se-6.6, cishe emaphesenti angama-90, izinga le-glycemia lenziwa lodwa ngokuzivocavoca, i-prediabetes ayingeni kuhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Lapho umuntu ethanda ukwenza ukugijimela noma ezinye izinhlobo zomthwalo we-Cardio, izicubu zakhe zemisipha azikhuphuki, kepha isisindo sakhe siyaqhubeka sincipha. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuqeqeshwa, kusiza ukuthatha imishanguzo ekhulisa izinga lokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin:
- Siofor;
- I-Glucophage.
Ngamathuluzi anjalo, ngisho nokuzivocavoca okulula futhi okuyisisekelo kuzosebenza kakhulu. Ukwandisa ukumelana ne-insulin, kubalulekile ukunciphisa umzimba, ikakhulukazi amafutha okhalweni kanye nesisu.
Ushukela 6.6 uwuphawu lwe-prediabetes. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokutshela kabanzi nge-prediabetes.
