Izinga lokusebenza kanye nesimo sempilo yabantu kuncike hemoglobin esegazini kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo. Ngokusebenzisana isikhathi eside kwe-hemoglobin ene-glucose, kukhiqizwa ikompiyutha eyinkimbinkimbi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-glycated hemoglobin, okuyisimo sakhona okufanele singabi ngaphezu kwezinkomba ezisunguliwe.
Ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated, kungenzeka ukuthola ukugcwala koshukela kuyi-plasma yegazi, ngoba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ayindawo yokugcina impahla ye-hemoglobin. Bahlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-112. Ngalesi sikhathi, ucwaningo lukuvumela ukuthi uthole idatha efanelekile ekhombisa ukugcwala kweglucose.
I-Glycated hemoglobin ibizwa nangokuthi i-glycosylated. Ngokwalezi zinkomba, ungabeka okuqukethwe okujwayelekile ushukela izinsuku ezingama-90.
Kuyini ukuhlaziya futhi kungani kudingeka?
I-Glycated hemoglobin noma i-A1C ekuhlolweni kwegazi kulinganiswa ngamaphesenti. Namuhla, lolu cwaningo lwenziwa kaningi, ngoba lunezinzuzo eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwayo awukwazi ukuthola kuphela ukuthi izindlela zikashukela esegazini, kepha futhi uthole nesifo sikashukela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya kwe-HbA1 kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungakhathaleki ukuthathwa kokudla.
Ucwaningo olunjalo luhlala lunikeza imiphumela efanele, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umuntu unjani. Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kuzonikeza impendulo ethembekile ngisho nangemva kokuxineka, ukuqwasha, noma ngomkhuhlane.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izifundo ezinjalo kumele zenziwe hhayi ngesifo sikashukela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated idinga ukuthi ihlolwe kokubili kubantu abaphilile nalabo abathambekele ekugcwalekeni kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ngoba lezi zifo zandulela isifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlaziywa okuhleliwe kunconywa ezimweni ezinjalo:
- impilo yokuhlala;
- iminyaka kusuka eminyakeni engama-45 (ukuhlaziywa kufanele kuthathwe isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emithathu);
- ukuba khona kokubekezelela ushukela;
- kusengaphambili kwesifo sikashukela;
- i-polycystic ovary;
- isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa;
- abesifazane ababelethe ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4 kg;
- abanesifo sikashukela (isikhathi esingu-1 ngesigamu sonyaka).
Ngaphambi kokudlula esivivinyweni se-HbA1C, izinkambiso zazo zingabonakala etafuleni elikhethekile, izindlela ezikhethekile zokulungiselela kumele zithathwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esivumelana nesiguli, noma ngabe sinjani isimo sakhe sempilo nendlela yakhe yokuphila ngosuku olwedlule.
Imvamisa ye-glycosylated hemoglobin emadodeni
Ukusungula okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin egazini, isiguli kufanele sihlaziywe ekhethekile elabhorethri. Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi kumuntu ophilile, ukufunda kusuka ku-120 kuye ku-1500 g nge-litre eyi-1 ye-fluid yemvelo kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zindinganiso zingahlehliswa ngokweqile ngokomqondo noma ngokweqile lapho umuntu eba nezifo zezitho zangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane, inani eliphansi lamaprotheni libonakala ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Futhi isimo se-hemoglobin se-glycated emadodeni sisuka ku-135 g ilitha ngalinye. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abamele ubulili obunamandla banezinkomba eziphakeme kunabesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-30, izinga lingama-4,5-5,5% 2, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50 - lifinyelela ku-6.5%, lidala kuneminyaka engama-50 - 7%.
Abesilisa kufanele njalo bathathe isivivinyo sikashukela wegazi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, esikhathini esiningi kule minyaka banesisindo eseqile, okuyisandulela sesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha lapho lesi sifo sitholakala, ukuphathwa kwaso kuphumelela ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho nge-carboxyhemoglobin. Le ngenye iprotheni eyingxenye yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali egazini, okuyinhlanganisela ye-hemoglobin ne-carbon monoxide. Izinkomba zalo kufanele zincishiswe njalo, uma kungenjalo, indlala yomoya-mpilo izokwenzeka, ibonakaliswe ngezimpawu zokudakwa komzimba.
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kuphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuba khona kwanoma iyiphi i-pathology. Ngakho-ke, ukwephula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali egazi emzimbeni womuntu kukhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo esisebusweni esidinga ukuxilongwa ngokushesha nokwelashwa.
Lapho imiphumela yokuhlaziywa iphakeme kunokwejwayelekile, i-etiology ye-pathology ingaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu;
- izifo ze-oncological;
- ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu;
- ukweqiwa kwe-Vitamin B emzimbeni;
- isifo senhliziyo nokuzala kwenhliziyo;
- ukushisa okushisayo;
- ukuqina kwegazi;
- hemoglobinemia.
Uma i-glycosylated hemoglobin ingabukelwa phansi, izimbangela zalesi simo zilele ku-anemia eqhubekayo yokuntula i-iron eyenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokulamba kwe-oxygen. Lesi sifo siyingozi emzimbeni, njengoba sivezwa yizimpawu zokuphuza, i-malaise nokungavikeleki komzimba.
Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamaprotheni egazini. Lokhu kufaka i-hypoglycemia, izifo ezidala ukopha, ukukhulelwa, ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ne-folic acid. Futhi, amazinga aphansi e-glycated hemoglobin abonwa ezifweni ezithathelwanayo, ukumpontshelwa igazi, izifo zofuzo kanye ne-autoimmune, ama-hemorrhoid, ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kanye esimweni se-pathologies sohlelo lokuzala.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlaziywa kwe-HbA1C ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukugxila kweglucose yegazi kungahluka kokujwayelekile ngamanani amancane. Ngakho-ke, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile, esimweni sokwelashwa kwe-insulin ngenkathi kwehlisa okuqukethwe kwe-glucose kuya ezinombolweni ezijwayelekile (6.5-7 mmol / l), kunethuba lokukhula kwe-hypoglycemia.
Lesi simo siyingozi ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile. Kungakho benqatshelwe ukwehlisa izinga le-glycemia liye kumazinga ajwayelekile omuntu onempilo.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlushwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin ibalwa ngokuya ngeminyaka, ukuba khona kwezinkinga nokuthambekela kwe-hypoglycemia.
Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala maphakathi noma ubudala. Kubantu asebekhulile, okujwayelekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesifo kungu-7.5% ekugxambusheni kwe-glucose engu-9.4 mmol / L, futhi uma kwenzeka kubhekene nezinkinga - 8% no-10.2 mmol / L. Ezigulini ezineminyaka ephakathi nendawo, u-7% no-8.6 mmol / L, kanye no-47,5% no-9.4 mmol / L kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
Ukuthola uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, kuvame ukwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ucwaningo olunjalo lukuvumela ukuthi uthole lesi sifo usesekuqaleni futhi uthole isimo se-prediabetes. Noma kwenzeka ukuthi nge-prediabetes izinga likashukela wegazi lihlala lingaphakathi kokujwayelekile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-HbA1C kukhombisa nokubekezelela i-glucose, kwephula lapho umzimba uyeka ukumunca i-insulin, futhi iningi le-glucose lihlala lisemgudleni wegazi futhi alisetshenziswa amaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwenza sikwazi ukwelapha isifo sikashukela ngosizo lomsebenzi womzimba kanye nokwelashwa kokudla ngaphandle kokuthatha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela.
Amadoda amaningi ahlushwa isifo sikashukela isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka futhi alinganisa izinga le-glycemia ene-glucometer azibuza ukuthi kungani edinga ukuhlolwa nge-hemoglobin yobumba. Imvamisa, izinkomba zihlala zilungile isikhathi eside, okwenza umuntu acabange ukuthi isifo sikashukela sinxephiwe.
Ngakho-ke, izinkomba ze-glycemia ezisheshayo zingahambisana nokujwayelekile (6.5-7 mmol / l), futhi ngemuva kokudla kwasekuseni bakhuphukela ku-8.5-9 mmol / l, okuvele kubonisa ukuphambuka. Ukushintshashintsha okunjalo kosuku koshukela kunquma ukunqunyelwa okujwayelekile kwe-glycated hemoglobin. Mhlawumbe imiphumela yokuhlaziywa izokhombisa ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bashintshe umthamo wezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela noma i-insulin.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zikholelwa ukuthi kwanele ukufeza izilinganiso ezingama-2-3 zezinkomba zoshukela ezila ukudla ngenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abanesifo sikashukela abayisebenzisi ngisho ne-glucometer.
Yize ukukala ejwayelekile kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kungavimba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.
Izimo zokuhlaziya
Ungayithatha kanjani i-glycated hemoglobin - esiswini esingenalutho noma cha? Eqinisweni, akunandaba. Ukuhlaziywa akunakuthathwa ngisho esiswini esingenalutho.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kunconyelwa ukwenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezine ngonyaka, futhi ngokuncanyana elabhorethri efanayo. Kodwa-ke, noma ukulahlekelwa kwegazi okuncane, ukuqaliswa kokumpompela noma ukunikela, isifundo kumele sihlehliswe.
Udokotela kufanele akhiphe isidluliselwa sokuhlaziywa, uma kunezizathu ezizwakalayo. Kepha ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga zingasetshenziswa ukulawula amazinga e-hemoglobin.
Njengomthetho, imiphumela izokwaziwa ngezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Igazi lokuhlolwa livame ukuthathwa emthanjeni.
Indlela efinyeleleka futhi elula kunazo zonke yokulinganisa ukuqina kwe-hemoglobin egazini ukusetshenziswa kweglucometer. Le divayisi ingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlole izinga le-glyceobemia kaningi ukuthola isithombe esinembe kakhudlwana.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi asikho isidingo sokulungiselela ngokukhethekile ukuhlaziya. Inqubo ayinabuhlungu futhi iyashesha. Igazi linganikezwa kunoma yimuphi umtholampilo, kodwa kuphela uma kunikezwa incwadi kadokotela. Futhi ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izoqhubeka nesihloko sesidingo sokuhlolwa kwe-glycated hemoglobin.
