I-Lactose, noma ushukela wobisi, ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhishwa, ngaphandle kwalokho umzimba womuntu ongeke ukwazi ukwenza.
Umphumela walokhu kwento ekwakhekeni kwamathe kanye nenqubo yokugaya ichaza zonke izinzuzo. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi i-disaccharide ikhipha umthelela olimazayo kubantu abaphethwe ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zento?
Imininingwane Okuvamile Ngokuphathelene ne-Lactose
Izakhi ezahlukahlukene zikhona emvelweni, phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-monosaccharides (munye: isb. Fructose), ama-oligosaccharides (amaningana) nama-polysaccharides (amaningi) ahlukaniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-carbohydrate e-oligosaccharide ahlukaniswa ngokuthi di- (2), tri- (3) kanye ne-tetrasaccharides (4).
I-Lactose iyi-disaccharide, eyaziwa ngokuthi ushukela wobisi. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali imi ngale ndlela elandelayo: C12H22O11. Yinsalela yama-molecule egalactose ne-glucose.
Izinkomba ezixakile ze-lactose zitholakala kusosayensi uF. Bartoletti, owathola ngo-1619 into entsha ngo-1619. Le nto yahlonzwa njengoshukela ngonyaka we-1780s ngenxa yomsebenzi kasosayensi uK.V. Scheel.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe i-6% ye-lactose ikhona ubisi lwenkomo kanye ne-8% ebisini lomuntu. I-Disaccharide nayo yenziwa njengomkhiqizo ngomkhiqizo we ushizi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imelelwa yikhompiyutha efana ne-lactose monohydrate. Uyimpuphu emhlophe ecwebezelayo, engenangqondo futhi engenangqondo. Kuyinto encibilikayo kakhulu emanzini futhi empeleni ayihlangani notshwala. Lapho kufuthelana, i-disaccharide ilahlekelwa molecule wamanzi, ngenxa yalokho, ijika ibe yi-lactose enobuthi.
Kanye emzimbeni womuntu, ushukela wobisi uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ngaphansi kwethonya le-enzyme - ushukela ne-galactose. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lezi zinto zingena egazini.
Abanye abantu abadala bathola ukungaphatheki kahle ngenxa yokumuncwa ubisi kabi ngenxa yokushoda noma ukuntuleka kwe-lactase, i-enzyme ekhethekile echitha i-lactose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinganeni le nto ayijwayelekile. Ukuchazwa kwalesi simo kumsuka kwakudala.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkomo bezifuywe eminyakeni engama-8,000 kuphela edlule. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, izinsana kuphela ezazondliwa ubisi lwebele. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakhiqiza isilinganiso esifanele se-lactase. Lapho umuntu eba umdala, lapho umzimba wakhe ulidinga kakhulu i-lactose. Kepha eminyakeni engama-8,000 edlule, isimo sashintsha - umuntu omdala waqala ukudla ubisi, ngakho-ke umzimba kwadingeka wakhe kabusha ukuze uphinde ukhiqize i-lactase.
Izinzuzo ushukela wobisi womzimba
Ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo ushukela wobisi kuphezulu kakhulu.
Umsebenzi wayo ukuthonya ukuvumelana kwamathe emgodini womlomo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukumuncwa kwamavithamini eqembu B, C ne-calcium. Lapho usesemathunjini, i-lactose inyusa inani le-lactobacilli ne-bifidobacteria.
Ubisi luwumkhiqizo owaziwayo wawo wonke umuntu okumele abe khona ekudleni kwawo wonke umuntu. ILactose, eyingxenye yayo, yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu:
- Umthombo wamandla. Lapho isisemzimbeni, iyakhiwa futhi ikhiphe amandla. Ngokwesilinganiso esijwayelekile se-lactose, izitolo zamaprotheni azidliwe, kepha zanqwabelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-carbohydrate kusiza ekugcineni izinqolobane zamaprotheni ezinqwabelana esakhiweni semisipha.
- Isisindo senzuzo. Uma ukudla nsuku zonke kilojoule kudlula inani lamakhalori elishisiwe, khona-ke i-lactose ifakwa njengamafutha. Le mpahla kumele icatshangwe kulabo abafuna ukuba ngcono, kanye nalabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba.
- Ukwenza ngcono ukugaya. Lapho nje i-lactose isemgodini wokugaya ukudla, igqekeza i-monosaccharides. Lapho umzimba ungakhiqizi i-lactase eyanele, umuntu uthola ukungakhululeki lapho ephuza ubisi.
Ukusebenziseka koshukela obisini akunakukhishwa ngokweqile. Lento isetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, i-lactose isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezilandelayo:
- ukudla okuphekayo;
- chemistry yokuhlaziya;
- ukukhiqizwa kwendawo yezinto eziphilayo ezingama-cell kanye nama-bacteria;
Ingasetshenziswa njengento ebambela ubisi lomuntu lapho kwenziwa ifomula yezingane.
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Lactose: izimpawu nezimbangela
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kuqondwa njengokusho ukungakwazi komzimba ukudiliza lento. I-dysbacteriosis ibonakaliswa yizimpawu ezingemnandi kakhulu: ukuthatheka, ubuhlungu besisu, ukugcwala kwenhliziyo nausea kanye nohudo.
Lapho uqinisekisa ukutholakala kokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose, imikhiqizo yobisi kuyodingeka ishiywe. Kodwa-ke, ukwenqatshwa okuphelele kufaka izinkinga ezintsha njengokushoda kwevithamini D ne-potassium. Ngoba i-lactose kumele idliwe ngezithako ezahlukahlukene zokudla okunempilo.
Ukushoda kwe-lactose kungenzeka ngezizathu ezimbili ezinkulu, njengezakhi zofuzo kanye nezifo zamathumbu (isifo sikaCrohn).
Hlukanisa phakathi kokungabekezelelani nokuntuleka kwe-lactose. Esimweni sesibili, abantu cishe abanazo izinkinga zokugaya, bangase bakhathazeke ngokungakhululeki endaweni yesisu.
Isizathu esivamile sokukhula kokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose ukukhula komuntu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isidingo somzimba wakhe we-disaccharide siyancipha, ngakho-ke uqala ukukhiqiza i-enzyme ekhethekile.
Izinhlanga ezihlukile zidinga i-lactose ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, inkomba ephakeme kakhulu yokungabekezelelii kwento ibonwa emazweni ase-Asia. I-10% nje kuphela yabantu edla ubisi, ama-90% asele awakwazi ukudonsa i-lactose.
Ngokuphathelene nesibalo sabantu baseYurophu, lesi simo sibhekwa ngokuhlukile. Ama-5% kuphela abantu abadala abanobunzima obudonsa i-disaccharide.
Ngakho-ke, abantu bayalimala futhi bazuze nge-lactose, ngoba konke kuncike ekutheni le nto idonswa ngumzimba yini noma cha.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukubuyisela ubisi ngezithasiselo zokudla ukuze uthole umthamo ofanele kashukela obisini.
Ukuxilongwa kokubekezelela kanye nokwelashwa
Uma umuntu ene-dyspeptic disorder ngemuva kokuphuza ubisi noma i-derivative yayo, kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi iyabekezelela yini i-lactose.
Kuze kube manje, ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga ziyenziwa.
I-biopsy encane yamathumbu. Kuyindlela yocwaningo enembe kunazo zonke. Umnyombo wayo ulele ekuthatheni isampula ye-mucosa yesisu esincane. Ngokuvamile, aqukethe i-enzyme ekhethekile - i-lactase. Ngomsebenzi we-enzyme oncishisiwe, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okufanele. I-biopsy yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke le ndlela ayisetshenziswa ebuntwaneni.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrogen okuphefumulayo. Isifundo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Okokuqala, isiguli sinikezwa i-lactose, bese sikhipha umoya ocingweni olukhethekile olunquma ukuhlangana kwe-hydrogen.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lactose iqonde. Le ndlela ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengeyokufundisa. Ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, isiguli sithatha isampula yegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, udla i-lactose futhi unikele ngegazi kaninginingi kungakapheli imizuzu engama-60. Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela etholakele, kwakhiwa ijika le-lactose ne-glucose Uma ijika le-lactose liphansi kunejika leshukela, singakhuluma ngokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezindunduma. Okuvame kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye indlela engafanele yokuxilonga phakathi kwezingane ezincane. Kukholelwa ukuthi indlela ejwayelekile yezinga lama-carbohydrate ezindlini zokugcwala kufanele ihambisane nezinkomba ezilandelayo: i-1% (kuze kube inyanga eyi-1), u-0.8% (izinyanga eziyi-1-2), u-0.6% (izinyanga ezingama-2-4), u-0.45% (Izinyanga ezi-6) kanye no-0.25% (mdala kunezinyanga ezi-6). Uma ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kuhambisana ne-pancreatitis, i-steatorrhea iyenzeka.
ICoprogram. Lolu cwaningo lusiza ukukhomba ubuthi bokunyakaza kwamathumbu kanye nezinga lamafutha acid. I-Intolerance iqinisekiswa nge-acidity eyandayo kanye nokwehla kwesilinganiso se-acid-base kusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-4.0.
Lapho uqinisekisa ukutholwa, isiguli kuzodingeka sikhiphe imikhiqizo yobisi emenyu. Ukwelashwa kokungabekezelelwa kwe-lactose kuhlanganisa ukuthatha amaphilisi alandelayo:
- Gastal;
- I-Imodium;
- ILoperamide;
- I-Motilium;
- Dufalac;
- IsiTserukal.
Ngayinye yale mali iqukethe i-enzyme ekhethekile, i-lactase. Intengo yalezi zidakamizwa ingahluka kakhulu. Incazelo enemininingwane yesidakamizwa ikhonjiswe ephepheni lokufaka.
Ezinganeni, iLactazabebi isetshenziswa ukumiswa okwesikhashana. Umphumela wesidakamizwa uyafana ne-insulin kuma-diabetes noma iMezim ezigulini ezinesifo sokuphelelwa yikhambi okungamahlalakhona. Ukubuyekezwa komama abaningi kukhombisa ukusebenza nokuphepha komuthi.
Imininingwane nge-lactose inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
