Isifo sikashukela yisifo esingelapheki esibonakaliswa ukuthathwa koshukela emzimbeni. Ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela kuholela ekunyukeni kwe-glucose, ngenxa yalokho kufinyelela ekuhlushweni okuphezulu. Uma ushukela amayunithi angama-28, yini engenzeka?
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifo "esimnandi" siyindlela yokwelashwa engalapheki, enekhono futhi eyanele indlela, lesi sifo singanxeshezelwa ngempumelelo, okuvumela iziguli ukuba ziphile impilo ejwayelekile futhi egcwele.
Uma kungalawulwa uhlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili sikashukela, noma ukwelashwa, khona-ke ukugcwala kwe-glucose emzimbeni kuzodlulwa njalo. Yikuphi okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona ezingakhula nesifo sikashukela, futhi uthole ukuthi ungazisingatha kanjani?
I-Ketoacidosis iyinkimbinkimbi yokugula kwalesi sifo
I-Ketoacidosis ingumphumela ongemuhle wesifo sikashukela esingamahlalakhona, futhi ezimeni eziningi kakhulu iba khona ezigulini ezingalawuli i-pathology yazo.
Lapho kunokukhuphuka kwe-acidity kuketshezi lwebhayoloji, isiguli siveza umuzwa wobuthakathaka nokudangala, kungenzeka ukuthi maduze ube ne-stupor, nangemva kokukhululeka.
Yiso kanye isithombe esibonwa nge-ketoacidosis ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo "esimnandi". Futhi lesi sithombe somtholampilo sidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelashwa, ngoba amathuba okuba umphumela obulalayo ukhuphuka kakhulu.
Izindlela zesifo sikashukela sikashukela:
- Ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka amayunithi angaphezu kwe-14.
- Okuqukethwe kwezidumbu ze-ketone emchini kungaphezu kwama-5 amayunithi.
- Umucu wokuhlola wehliselwa umchamo ukhombisa ubukhona bama-ketones kuwo.
Njengomthetho, lesi simo se-pathological sivela ezigulini ngokumelene nesizinda se-insulin enganele emzimbeni womuntu. Ukushoda kwamahomoni kungabizwa ngokuphelele, okutholwe ohlotsheni lwesifo sokuqala, kanye nesihlobo - uhlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology.
I-etiology yokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga isuselwa kula maphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kukashukela ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokulinganisa (isiguli silinganisa izinkomba zakhe isikhathi esingaphezu kanye ngesonto).
- Isiguli sinqumela okwehlisa umthamo we-insulin, noma siphuthelwe imijovo ye-hormone.
- I-pathology ethelelekayo, okuholele ekwandeni kwesidingo sehomoni, kepha isiguli asizange sinxephezele idosi.
- Ukwethulwa komuthi ose kuphelelwe isikhathi, noma bekungagcinwanga kahle.
- Ukuphathwa okungalungile kwehomoni.
I-ketoacidosis yathuthuka ngokushesha, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kwezinye izimo, ubunzima obunjalo bungenzeka ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24. Ekuqaleni, isiguli sizizwa sibuthakathaka futhi sikhathele, sifuna ukuphuza njalo, kwembulwa ukoma kakhulu kwesikhumba.
Bese kuba nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo kwezidumbu ze-ketone emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kufakwa kulezi zimpawu ezingenhla, kuvezwa iphunga elithile lomgogodla wazo womlomo, ukuphefumula kuba isigqi esingajwayelekile - isiguli siphefumula ngokujulile nangomsindo.
Uma isiguli sinezimpawu ezinjalo, sidinga ukulashwa esibhedlela esiphuthumayo endaweni yezokwelapha. Ngeke sikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ekhaya, ubungozi bokufa bukhulu.
Izinso nesifo sikashukela
Uma ushukela wegazi ungaphezulu kwama-28 amayunithi - lokhu kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esigulini, futhi ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-glucose kuvimbela ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zangaphakathi.
Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sinika izinkinga eziningi ezinsweni, futhi kufanele sibizwe ngokuthi siyingozi futhi sibucayi. Izibalo zithi i-pathologies yezinso ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo esingezansi yimbangela yokufa kwesiguli ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izinso zomuntu ngamunye 'zingumnikazi' wenamba enkulu engenakubalwa yama-glomeruli akhethekile. Zizihlungi ezihlinzeka ngokuhlanzwa kwegazi kusuka kwimikhiqizo yokungcola kanye nezinto ezinobuthi.
Inqwaba yegazi nezakhi zomzimba, ezidlula kokuhlunga, zibuyela emuva ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Futhi imfucuza ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlunga ingena ebadadeni, emva kwalokho ikhishwe ngomchamo.
Njengoba sekwaziwa, ngesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu, ngokulandelana, uketshezi lwebhayoloji lungena ezinso, lapho kukhona ushukela omningi khona.
Ushukela “udonsa” uketshezi oluningi kanye nawo, ngenxa yalokho ingcindezi engaphakathi kwe-glomerulus ngayinye ikhuphuka. Futhi, i-glomerulus ngayinye izungezwe yi-membrane, okuthi, ngaphansi kwethonya lengcindezi, iba mnene ngokungajwayelekile. Imikhumbi ye-capillary idilizwa, i-glomeruli esesimweni esisebenzayo iba yincane, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuhlunguphazekeni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izinso zisebenza kabi kakhulu, kutholakala izimpawu zokuhluleka:
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuvuvu, ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki.
- Ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla.
- Ukulunywa okungapheli kwesikhumba, ukunambitheka kwensimbi emgodini womlomo.
- Kuzwa iphunga elibi lisuka emlonyeni, kufupheka umoya.
Ngokuqinisekile, ukonakala kokusebenza kwezinso akuyona inqubo esheshayo, futhi lesi simo se-pathological sidinga isikhathi esanele sokuqalisa.
Uma ushukela wegazi uhlala uphakama njalo, ugxumela kumanani aphezulu eglucose ayabhekwa, khona-ke emva kweminyaka eyi-10 noma engaphezulu, onesifo sikashukela uzobhekana nale nkinga.
I-retinopathy njengengxaki yesifo sikashukela
I-retinopathy ukwephula kwemithambo yegazi ye-retina. Kwenzeka kaningi, kubonakaliswa njengomphumela omubi ongemuhle kashukela wegazi isikhathi eside.
Izibalo zezokwelapha zibonisa ukuthi lesi simo se-pathological sitholakala emaphesenti angama-85 amacala anesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-pathology kungaphezulu kweminyaka engu-15. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala, khona-ke sebevele benaso lesi sifo.
Ngeshwa, izizathu ngqo eziholela kule nqubo emzimbeni azikwazi ukubizwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izifundo. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ososayensi baphakamisa imibono, kepha kwabanesifo sikashukela, lokhu akubalulekile.
Kodwa-ke, izinto ezinokwenzeka eziholela kule nkinga zisungulwe ngokunembile:
- Ukwanda okungapheli koshukela wegazi.
- I-Hypertension (ukukhuphuka okungapheli kwengcindezi yegazi).
- Ugwayi, umsebenzi wokuphazamiseka wezinso.
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa, isici sofuzo sesimo esingesihle.
- Iqembu lesiguli (amathuba okuba nezinkinga anda kanye nesiguli).
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko se-retinopathy ukwephulwa kokubona okubukwayo. Isiguli singabona sibi kakhulu, noma sikukhohlwe ngokuphelele ukubona. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukwelashwa kusheshe kuqalile, kuphakama amathuba okuvikela ngempumelelo ubumpumputhe ngokuphelele.
Ngokuqondene nokwelashwa kwale nkinga, akunangqondo ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ukuthuthukisa isimo semithambo yegazi. Indlela elula, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, esebenza kahle yokunciphisa ukunciphisa ushukela egazini, igcina izinkomba ezingeni elidingakalayo.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukulawula ushukela wakho kaningana ngosuku usebenzisa imitha kashukela egazini futhi udle ukudla okunempilo, uncamela ukudla okuqukethe amafutha omvelo amaningi namaprotheni.
I-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela
I-Neuropathy enesifo sikashukela i-mellitus iboniswa ukwephulwa okuyisakhiwo kokuphela kwezinzwa okukhona emngceleni wethambo. Lezi zinzwa zingukuhambisa ingqondo kanye nentambo yomgogodla, ukuhlinzeka ngokulawula izicubu nezitho zangaphakathi.
Imbangela enkulu yokubandakanyeka kwe-pathological ukwanda okungapheli kokuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni. Njengomthetho, umphumela ongemuhle awukhuli ngokushesha, imvamisa iminyaka eminingi yesifo sikashukela ingakatholakali.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma wehlisa ukugcwala koshukela egazini futhi ufunde ukuligcina lingaphansi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo, lapho-ke izinhlungu zesifo sezinzwa zingalulama ngokwazo, futhi izimpawu zesifo zinyamalale.
I-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela "icebile" ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene:
- Ukuncipha kwezinzwa.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla.
- Ukungakwazi ukwenza ubulili obunamandla.
- Ukungapheleleli kokuqeda ibhulethi, ukungasebenzi komchamo.
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi.
- Izinkinga zokugwinya ukudla.
- Ukulimala kwemisipha.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwanda okungapheli koshukela, okuye kwaqashelwa iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu, kuholela ekwakhiweni kwalesi simo se-pathological.
Ngokufanelekile, indlela eqinile yokusiza isiguli ukwehlisa ushukela, ukugcina izinga elifunekayo.
Ukuvimbela kanye nokuvimbela imiphumela
Njengoba kucace emniningwaneni oveziwe wokuthi izinkinga zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 zikhulu futhi zingamahlalakhona. Uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala singasebenzisi i-hormone, noma sisebenzisa imithamo enganele, ushukela ungakhuphuka kakhulu.
Ngokwezinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva, ukuphuma komzimba kuyabonakala, bese kulahleka ukwazi, bese kuthi ukuqalwa komthambo. Le ketoacidosis yisimo esibuhlungu esibulalayo.
I-glucose emzimbeni ingakhula kakhulu uma isiguli sinokugula okubandayo noma isifo esithathelwanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla omzimba aqondiswa ukulwa nalesi sifo, futhi namandla e-hormone ayancipha. Ngakho-ke, phambi kwe-pathologies ehambisanayo yalesi simo, kunconywa ukwandisa umthamo we-hormone.
Ukwanda okusesilinganisweni kwe-glucose emzimbeni kungenzeka kungazibangeli zimpawu ezinqala. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuholela ekuqhubekeni kwezinkinga eziningi ezingamahlalakhona. Ukulimala emithanjeni yegazi kuyabonakala, ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi kukhubazekile.
Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele azi ukuthi ngaphezu koshukela, udinga ukubheka njalo izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi, amazinga e-cholesterol emzimbeni kanye nezinye izici ze-pathology ze-inhliziyo.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza izincomo zokuthi usheshe wehlise kanjani ushukela wegazi.
