I-glucose ibhekwa njengento ebalulekile yamandla amaseli womzimba. Ngosizo lokuphendula kwezinto eziphilayo, kukhiqizwa amakhalori adingekayo empilweni. IGlucose isesitokisini ngesimo se-glycogen esibindini, iyakhishwa lapho kunokushoda kwama-carbohydrate asuka ekudleni.
Amazinga kashukela egazini ancipha ngokuzenzakalela noma anda kuye ngesimo. Lolu hlelo lulawulwa yi-pancreatic insulin, kanye ne-adrenaline ye-adrenaline.
Ama-pathologies we-pancreas nezinye izitho aholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwistimu yokulawula. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvela izifo ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nesifo sikashukela.
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile
IGlycemia iguquguqukayo emzimbeni womuntu okusho ushukela wegazi. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi imuphi ushukela wegazi kumuntu onempilo kuya ngeminyaka yakhe. Iyunithi lesilinganiso milimolitha ilitha (mmol / l).
Imikhuba yoshukela enganeni kuze kube seminyakeni yobudala: 2,8 - 4.4 mmol / l. Inkomba yengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 isebangeni le-3.2-5.5 mmol / l. Abantu abaneminyaka engu-14 - 60 ubudala kufanele babe nezinkomba ezingeni le-3.2-5.5 mmol / L. Iminyaka engu-60-90, okujwayelekile ngu-4.6-6.4 mmol / L. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-90, umuntu kufanele abe noshukela wegazi ongu-4,2 kuye ku-6.7 mmol / L.
Isimo sikashukela egazini lomuntu ngaphandle kwezifo ezimbi esiswini esingenalutho asidluli ngo-5.5 mmol / L. Ngemuva kokudla ukudla, izinga lingagxuma lifinyelele ku-7.8 mmol / L. Isimo esikhonjisiwe egazini lomuntu siphathelene nezinto ezitholakala emunweni.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-venous kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, okujwayelekile kuzoba ngaphezulu. Inani elivumelekile likashukela egazini lithathwa njengelingene uma kungu-6, 1 mmol / l.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, kuholela ekwandeni okuhleliwe koshukela wegazi. Kubalulekile ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo. Ukuze ulondoloze amazinga eglucose emzimbeni womuntu, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zezokwelapha, ezithi:
- thatha izidakamizwa
- Namathela ekudleni
- ukudlala imidlalo.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo kubantu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kweshukela esiswini esingenalutho. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa itafula ukuthola amanani ajwayelekile, okuchaza ukuthi yiliphi inani elijwayelekile kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngezikhathi ezithile zobudala.
Ithebula elisetshenziswa odokotela libonisa ukuthi ukugcwala ushukela kungakhuphuka kufike ku-10 mmol / l, uma ngabe ukuhlaziya kwenziwa ngemizuzu engama-60 ngemuva kokudla ukudla. Okujwayelekile kufinyelela ku-8 mmol / l, amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla. Ushukela wegazi wehla kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokulala. Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengenani elifinyelela ku-6 mmol / L.
I-glucose esegazini okunokujwayelekile kwayo, ingahlala ishintsha.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-prediabetesic. Kulesi simo, izinkomba zingasukela ku-5.5 kuye ku-6 mmol / L.
Ukuboniswa kweglucose yegazi engajwayelekile
Isikhathi eside, amanani we-pathological ushukela awazibangeli izimpawu ezisobala noma athathiselwa ukubonakaliswa kwezinye izifo. Kubalulekile ukunaka ukoma okukhulu, okungaba wuphawu lwesifo sikashukela.
Lapho umzimba womuntu ulahlekelwe amandla eglucose, izinso ziqala ukusebenza kakhulu ukuze zihlunge ngokweqile. Kulezi phuzu, izinso zisebenzisa umswakama omningi kusuka ezicutshini, okuholela esifisweni esijwayelekile sokuchama. Umuzwa onamandla wokoma uwuphawu lokuthi umzimba udinga ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwemithombo yokugcwala. Uma akwanele isikhathi eside, ukuphuma komzimba kwenzeka.
Ukukhathala kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela. Lapho i-glucose ingangeni emangqamuzaneni, ihlala egazini, okusho ukuthi amaseli awatholi isilinganiso esifanele samandla. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uzizwa ephukile, ukukhathala kanye nokudangala okungapheli.
Isiyezi noma umuzwa wokudideka nakho kubhekwa njengezimpawu zikashukela ophezulu wegazi. Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kobuchopho, i-glucose iyadingeka, ukuswelakala kwayo kungaba yingozi, ngoba kunengozi yokuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Uma ushukela uncishisiwe, ungaphuza noma yisiphi isiphuzo esimuncu, esihle kunazo zonke ngezithako zemvelo. Ngokuhlala nesiyezi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ukuze alungise isu lokudla nokwelashwa.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme yizinto ezimbili ezingaholela ekutheni umsebenzi wezinso ungaphazamiseki futhi uphazamise umsebenzi wokuhlunga kwe-fluid. Ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi ngokweqile luqongelela emzimbeni, olukhonjiswa nge-edema yamaphethelo aphezulu nangaphansi.
Ukulimala komgogodla kuthathwa njengokubonakaliswa kwenani elingajwayelekile le-glucose egazini. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu angaba nokukhubazeka kwezitho nezinhlungu lapho eshintsha umbuso wezinga lokushisa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenani elikhulu le-glucose egazini kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kuvame ukulimaza ama-receptors athambile wamehlo, okuvusa ukwehla okunamandla kombono.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela yenziwa ngenxa yomonakalo emithanjeni yamehlo, lokhu kuyimbangela yobumpumputhe kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50. Uma amaphuzu, imibuthano yejometri, noma imnyama iqala ukuvela ngezikhathi ezithile phambi kwamehlo akho, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho.
Udinga futhi unake ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini womgudu wokugaya ukudla (ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, ukuqunjelwa),
- izifo zesikhumba
- ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe
- imihuzuko engahlali isikhathi eside.
Ukunqunywa kwezinkomba elabhorethri
Onke amasu akhona avunywa ukuthi asetshenziswe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Bahlukaniswa ukwethenjwa, ukufundisa nokwelula.
Amasu lawo asuselwa ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali eglucose okuqukethwe egazini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-glucose kwenziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha. Izindlela eziningana ziyasetshenziswa:
- i-orthotoluidine,
- ushukela oxidase
- i-Ferricyanide (Hagedorn-Jensen).
Ukuhumusha i-mg / L ukuya ku-mmol / L, isibalo siphindaphindwe ngo-0.0555. Amanani ajwayelekile we-glucose egazini lomuntu ngesikhathi sokufunda kweHagedorn-Jensen azoba phezulu kancane kunokuhlaziya okunye.
Igazi le-capillary lithathwa ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho kusuka emunweni noma emthanjeni. Umuntu udinga ukuxwayiswa kusengaphambili ukuthi akufanele adle cishe amahora ayishumi ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
Emahoreni angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, akunconywa ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. Amanzi ahlanzekile avumelekile. Uma lezi zimo zephulwa, lokhu kuzothinta kabi amanani eglucose, okwenza ukuhlaziya kungathembeki.
Uma ucwaningo lwenziwa ngegazi le-venous, khona-ke amanani avumelekile akhuphuka ngo-12%.
I-World Health Organisation iphakamisa ukuthi uma kwenziwa izifundo zokuvimbela abantu abadala ukuthola isifo sikashukela, amanani aphezulu asezingeni elifanele kufanele abhekelwe. Ukusuka kumthambo nangomunwe, le nkomba ingu-5.6 mmol / L, ku-plasma - 6.1 mmol / L.
Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela
Lapho esethole imiphumela yocwaningo, udokotela uhlola izinga loshukela alufake eqenjini eliphansi, eliphakeme, noma elijwayelekile.
I-glucose ekhulayo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-hyperglycemia. Lesi simo se-pathological siba ngumsizi wezifo ezahlukahlukene nokuphazamiseka.
Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ngenxa ye-hyperglycemia yilezi:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus
- Izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine: gigantism, acromegaly,
- I-thyrotooticosis,
- i-myocardial infarction
- izinqubo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala kumanyikwe,
- izifo ezingapheli zesibindi,
- ukwehluleka kwezinso
- unhlangothi
- cystic fibrosis,
- izinqubo ezenzakalelayo
I-Hyperglycemia ingenzeka ngemuva kokuxineka kakhulu, ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba, imizwa enobudlova kakhulu, futhi kubangelwa ukubhema, inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate ekudleni, i-steroid hormone therapy ne-caffeine.
Ushukela okwehlisiwe noma i-hypoglycemia ingakha lapho:
- i-oncology yezindlala ze-adrenal, isisu nesibindi,
- ukuqina kwesibindi,
- ihepatitis
- i-pancreatic pathology,
- Izinguquko ze-endocrine, ikakhulukazi, ukwehla komsebenzi we-thyroid,
- ubuthi ngotshwala nezinto eziyingozi,
- izidakamizwa ezidakwayo (i-anabolics, i-insulin, i-amphetamine, i-salicylates),
- ukuzila isikhathi eside,
- ukushisa okuthe xaxa kwezifo ezithathelanayo,
- ukuzikhandla okunamandla,
- Izifo zamathumbu ezihambisana nokutholwa kabi kwezinto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezizalwa omama abanalokhu kutholwa zitholakala nesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi, ukuhlaziya kuhlale kunikezwa ngesisu esingenalutho. Ngabe igazi likashukela livelaphi? Igazi kufanele lithathwe emunweni noma emthanjeni. Ucwaningo lwenziwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha noma usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile, i-glucometer.
Uma kungekho zimpawu zobuntu, khona-ke ukuxilongwa kusungulwa ngokuya ngamazinga kashukela amaningi aphezulu. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene. Ucwaningo lokuqala, oluthathwe esiswini esingenalutho, ngosizo lwe-glucometer luqale lubhekwe. Isampula yegazi lesibili kufanele yenziwe kusukela kumithambo.
Abantu abaningi bathanda ukulandela ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu akudingekile, ngoba inani le-glucose lingase lingathembeki. Akufanele udle ukudla okuningi okumnandi.
Ukwethembeka kwezilinganiso kuthintwa yi:
- ukukhulelwa
- izifo ezahlukahlukene
- izimo zokucindezela ngemuva
- ukwanda kwe-pathologies engamahlalakhona.
Odokotela abancomi ukwenza lolu cwaningo lapho umuntu esanda kubuya emsebenzini ebusuku. Lo mthetho usebenza ngaphandle kobulili besiguli. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, umuntu kufanele alale kahle.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela kudingeka bahlolwe kaningana ngonyaka. Lesi sigaba sifaka:
- abantu abakhuluphele
- abesifazane abakhulelwe
- abantu abane-genetic predisposition.
Imvamisa yokulinganisa
Ukuvama kwezilinganiso zokuhlushwa ushukela wegazi kuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Esimweni sokuncika kwe-insulin, okungukuthi, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, ucwaningo kufanele lwenziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi komjovo we-insulin.
Uma umuntu ezwa ukuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle, ngaphansi kwengcindezi, noma ushintsho lwekhadinali ngendlela ejwayelekile yempilo, izinga le-glucose esegazini kufanele likalwe kaningi. Inani le-glucose kulezi zimo lingahluka kakhulu.
Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus, isifundo kufanele senziwe ekuseni, imizuzu engama-60 ngemuva kokudla, futhi nangaphambi kokulala, kusihlwa.
Ukwenza izilinganiso ezizimele
Uma umnikelo wegazi we-glucose kufanele wenziwe kumuntu ophilile kanye izinyanga eziyisithupha, khona lapho abanesifo sikashukela kufanele basebenzise izilinganiso okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Udinga ukukhetha idivaysi enezilawuli ezilula nezinembile. Imitha kufanele ibe lula futhi inembe.
I-Russian satellite glucometer ihlangabezana nawo wonke amazinga omhlaba. Okwamanje, imodeli yokuthuthukisa yale divayisi iyatholakala - I-Satellite Plus. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela baphendula kahle kulamadivayisi.
Izinzuzo zama-glucometer:
- kuthatha ithonsi legazi elincane ukwenza isivivinyo sikashukela,
- ushukela wonke uboniswa esikrinini sedivayisi imizuzu eyi-15,
- inkumbulo yangaphakathi ekwazi ukugcina izilinganiso ezingama-60,
- imitha ifakwe umsebenzi wokuvala othomathikhi, ofanele kakhulu kubantu abakhohlwa ukuvala ucingo.
Ngaphakathi kwekhithi enedivaysi kukhona imichilo engu-25 yenhlama nenombolo efanayo yamathuluzi okubhoboza umunwe. Amabhethri anele ngezilinganiso ezingama-2000.
Idivaysi ye-satellite yi-glucometer enikeza imiphumela esezingeni elithobela ngokuphelele ucwaningo lwelebhu. Idivaysi ikhombisa noma yiliphi inani lamanani eglucose, lisuka ku-0,6 laya ku-35 mmol / L.
Ama-glucmeter wokukhiqizwa kweRussia angaphansi kancane kumadivayisi angaphandle wokulinganisa ushukela. Izinkomba zamadivayisi abakhiqizi bangaphandle bangabalwa ngokoqobo ngemizuzwana eyi-8. Ama-glucometer aseRussia anesethi yemichilo yokuhlola - izinciphisi, ezingabizi kakhulu. Futhi ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izocacisa ngobungozi ushukela wegazi ophezulu.
