Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela esigulini zingahlala zingacaci ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela bayamangala: uma bedla “njengawo wonke umuntu”, kungani lesi sifo sibathinta, ngenkathi edlula abanye ngendlela efanayo. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lesi sifo ukuba sikhule, yiziphi izimpawu zaso nezici zobungozi.
Ngokungangabazeki, isifo sikashukela asisona isifo esilula, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zako azelapheki. Ngokwezibalo, bacishe babe yizigidi ezine abantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela. Kepha isimo sangempela singaba sibi kakhulu, ngoba lesi sifo asiqhamuki ngokushesha.
Ngemuva kokuxilongwa, isiguli kuzodingeka siguqule kakhulu empilweni yaso. Okokuqala, thintana nodokotela wakho-endocrinologist nodokotela wezempilo. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezincomeni ezitholakele, phakathi kohlu lwemikhiqizo evunyelwe nengavunyelwe.
Ngokulandela ngqo izincomo zikadokotela, isiguli singaphila impilo ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zanamuhla zokwelashwa zisebenza kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kepha kungcono kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi iyini imbangela yesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukuvimbela nokwelashwa okudingekayo kuleli cala.
Umqondo wesifo sikashukela i-mellitus uhlanganisa iqembu lonke lezifo, kwesinye isikhathi lihluke kakhulu kwelinye. Kepha izizathu zokuthuthuka kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobo zezifo ezifanayo - Izinqubo ze-metabolic ezingalunganga emzimbeni. Ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela nge-hyperglycemia kuqala - izinga elikhuphukile loshukela egazini leplasma.
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezi-2 eziphambili zihlukaniswa: uhlobo I kanye nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ukwehluka okunjalo, ngokusho kwama-endocrinologists amaningi, kunemibandela kakhulu, ngoba izimbangela ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela salezi zinhlobo zombili zihambisana nokuxhumana okungafanele kwezicubu ne-insulin ye-hormone. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo, uhlobo lwesifo lubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinhlobonhlobo kuzohluka kakhulu.
Imbangela enkulu yesifo sikashukela yi-hyperglycemia. Emzimbeni ophilile, ushukela uwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla wamaseli, izicubu nezitho zomzimba. Umzimba uthola ushukela ekudleni, bese uwubumba ube ngamamolekyuli alula. Kumaseli we-beta we-pancreas, i-hormone ebalulekile, i-insulin, iyenziwa. Kungaphansi kwethonya lawo ukuthi i-glucose iguqulwe futhi ukuze amaseli akwazi ukuyithatha.
Amazinga kashukela akhuphuka kancane ngemuva kokudla, lapho ushukela ungena egazini futhi usakazeka ezithweni zemithambo yegazi. Kepha umzimba ufuna ukugcina ukulingana, futhi ngenxa yalokho ushukela wegazi maduze futhi "uwe" emazingeni ajwayelekile.
Kodwa kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele uma izinga le-glucose lihlala liphezulu isikhathi eside, futhi lesi simo siphindwa njalo. Ngemuva kwalokho ukushoda kwe-insulin kwenzeka: ama-pancreas agqoka ngokushesha futhi awakwazi ukuletha i-insulin emihlanganweni yangaphambilini. Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, i-metabolism, amanzi, i-protein metabolism emzimbeni iyaphazamiseka, okuholela kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-I.
Isifo sohlobo II siba ngokuhlukile. Isizathu saso akusikho nakancane ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ye-hormone, kodwa ukulahleka kokuzwela kwamaseli kule hormone.
Umsebenzi wamanyikwe, njengomthetho, awuphazamiseki, futhi ngenxa yalokho i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani anele.
Kuyazuzisa ukuchaza kabanzi ngakunye kwezinhlobo eziphambili zesifo sikashukela, ngoba izimbangela zabo nokwelashwa kwenziwa ngokwezinhlelo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Okubi kakhulu kuzo uhlobo lwe-I isifo sikashukela i-mellitus (esincike ku-insulin). Imbangela ebaluleke kakhulu yesifo sikashukela kulokhu ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic.
Umzimba wesiguli onale hlobo lwalesi sifo ukhipha amasosha omzimba athinta kabi amaseli e-pancreatic, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani elidingekayo le-insulin alifihliwanga ukuze amaseli ezicubu akwazi ukudonsa ngokuphepha ushukela. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone kuyeka ngokuphelele. Ngokushoda kwe-insulin, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukusebenzisa i-glucose. Ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa kwe "reserve" - amaprotheni namafutha, kuhambisana nokukhululwa kwemikhiqizo yokubola.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-I luvame ukuzalwa, kodwa singatholakala futhi ngenxa yezifo ezithile noma ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezilimazayo. Intsha engaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-40, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesisindo, iyathintwa yilolu hlobo lwesifo. Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela sentsha, njengoba sivame ukuthinta izingane. Kulokhu, izimbangela ziyizakhi zofuzo nama-antigenas enza ukwanda kwesifo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo II, kunalokho, sizimele nge-insulin. Kuthinta ikakhulukazi abantu asebekhulile, kusukela kwabaneminyaka engama-40. Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela yindlela yokuphila engenampilo nokudla okungalinganiseli. Kukholelwa ukuthi isifo sikashukela sidla kuphela amaswidi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokwengxenye, ngoba ushukela awutholakali kuphela kumaswidi noshokoledi, kepha nakweminye imikhiqizo eminingi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uthola ingxenye kashukela okuningi kunalokho okudingekayo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo sikhula.
Kulokhu, isifo sikashukela siyakhula ngenxa yokuthi kunezakhi eziningi kakhulu emzimbeni, futhi amaseli kancane kancane alahlekelwa ukuzwela kuwo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo. Esimweni ngasinye, imbangela yesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane izohluka kancane.
Uhlobo lwesifo esingajwayelekile isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, esibonakala kuphela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Kulokhu, kukhiqizwa ama-hormone athile emzimbeni avimba ukuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin. Umphumela uba yisimo esifanayo nangokushoda kwe-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela samakhemikhali sivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuthatha izinhlobo ezithile zemithi:
- Ama-blocker e-Adrenergic.
- Ama-hormone egilo.
- I-Interferon
- I-Nicotinic acid, njll.
Isimo esithile ukubekezelela ushukela omncane, okunqunywa ngemuva kokudla. Kulokhu, inani loshukela egazini lidlula amanani ajwayelekile futhi lisuka ku-7.8 liye ku-11 mmol / L. Uma izivivinyo zithathwa esiswini esingenalutho, khona-ke izinga loshukela egazini lingashintshashintsha phakathi kuka-6.8-10 mmol / l. Imvamisa lesi simo asidingi ukwelashwa futhi sidlula ngokushesha.
Esinye isizathu esenza ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela kungaba ukushoda kokudla okungenamsoco.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esibi esibeka ingozi yokufa kumuntu. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwalabo abangazi ukuthi ziyini izimbangela zangempela zesifo sikashukela, kunemibono eminingi ngale ndaba, kuze kufike lapho isifo sikashukela singatheleleka khona.
Izazi ezingama-Endocrinologists zibheka inkambiso yofuzo njengeyinkinga enkulu. Uma ingane inezihlobo ezatholakala zinalokhu, khona-ke ubungozi besifo sikashukela buzophakama amahlandla ayisithupha kunontanga yakhe engenalo “ifa” elinjalo.
Ukuqagelwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kuyaziveza esizukulwaneni ngasinye. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esingancikileli i-insulin zingenzeka esizukulwaneni ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bavele bathola enye iphethini: kaningi kakhulu kunokuthi izifo uqobo azidluliseli, kepha ziwukubonakaliswa yibo. Izinkinga zanda ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile: uma kungekho zinto ezanele, noma, kunalokho, ziningi kakhulu emzimbeni.
Isici sobungozi besibili sikhuluphele. Ngenxa yesilinganiso esikhulu sikashukela ekudleni okuningi, umuntu uthola ushukela omningi nsuku zonke kunokuba kudingwa. Ngokungafani nabantu abanempilo, ngokugcwele, izinga likashukela lihlala liphezulu, futhi ngemuva kokudla likhuphuka nangaphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezimbangela zesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala kungenye yezinto eziphambili. Ngisho ne-"degree" emnene kunazo zonke yokukhuluphala sekuvele amahlandla ama-2 yandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela, ne-III - sekuvele amahlandla ayishumi. Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingashukumisa ukukhula kwesifo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus kwabesifazane singenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal noma ukukhulelwa.
Ekuqaleni, izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela zingaveli, futhi lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo. Isifo sikashukela singakhula iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kokuzazisa (noma izimpawu singacishe singabonakali). Ngenxa yalesi sici, isifo sikashukela sibizwa ngokuthi "umbulali othule."
Yinye kuphela indlela yokuhlonza isifo ekuqaleni, ukudlula zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Kepha ekusebenzeni, ukulungisa lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwesigaba akulula: uma kungekho zimpawu, ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuhlolwa. Izimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka nokungahambi kahle zibangelwa ukukhathala okujwayelekile, nokoma esidlweni sakamuva.
Ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, izimpawu ziba sobala. Ukuboniswa okulandelayo kufanele kuxwayise:
- yehlisa ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba (ngisho nokuklanywa okuncane kuphulukisa isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi kuqubuka),
- ukwehla kwamandla okubuka,
- ukukhubazeka kwememori
- ukuncipha okukhulu kwesisindo (ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo),
- ukuchama njalo,
- ukoma okungapheli
- ikhanda
- iphunga le-acetone ephuma emlonyeni.
Ezinye izinkomba zingase ziphambuke ngokuqondile kulokhu okungenhla. Isibonelo, amathuba akukhona ukulahlekelwa, kepha inzuzo yesisindo (ikakhulukazi emadodeni). Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi umuntu aqhubeke nokuzwa indlala futhi adle okuningi, kepha isisindo asikhuphuki, noma asiguqule kancane.
Iningi labanesifo sikashukela likhononda ngesimo sesikhumba - ukulunywa, ukuqhekeka kuqhamuke. Ukuncipha kwezinwele kuvame ukuqina. Kepha lezi zimpawu zokugcoba azibalulekile njengezinye izinkomba. Ezigulini, ukusebenza kuncishiswa kakhulu, kuvela izinkinga zokulala, izinhlungu enhliziyweni nemisipha ziyavela.
Okubi kakhulu, ukwanda kakhulu koshukela egazini, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela esenzeka, esingabulala. Ezinye izingqinamba ukulahleka kwamazinyo, i-gangrene, ukulahleka kombono (okuphelele, okuyingxenye), ukwehluleka kwezinso, ubuthi.
Uma ukutholwa kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukuthola lesi sifo, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe (igazi nomchamo) futhi sihlolwe i-ultrasound of the patity esiswini. Futhi, kaningi ngesifo sikashukela esisolisayo, kunqunywa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kokukhuthazelela ushukela.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwami kunzima ukulelapha. Ukuze ulondoloze impilo enhle, isiguli kufanele sifake insulin njalo, yingakho lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi yi-insulin.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-insulin ye-hormone ibhujiswa ngama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke ukujova ukuphela kwendlela yokugcina umzimba wawo usezingeni elifunekayo.
Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin ngesikhathi sokudla. Ngezinye izikhathi, ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni isifo sikashukela, kufanele unamathele ekudleni okuqinile, ungafaki kwimenyu yonke imikhiqizo equkethe ushukela, iziphuzo zezithelo, iziphuzo ezithambile namaswidi.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukululama kulolu hlobo lwalesi sifo. Amacala okuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo sikashukela esincike e-insulin ayaziwa, kepha adinga ushintsho olukhulu ekudleni bese eshintshela ekudleni okungafinyelelwanga kanye nokuzila ukudla okwelapha.
Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II ukwehlisa umzimba kancane kancane. Ukulahlekelwa okungaphezulu kwama-3-4 kg ngeviki akunconywa.
Ukutholwa kwesisindo esijwayelekile kumele kugcinwe kukho konke impilo.
Njengoba wazi, ukugcina impilo kulula kakhulu kunokuzama ukuyibuyisela emuva kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe yini imbangela yesifo sikashukela, umuntu akufanele avumele izimpawu zesifo ukuthi ziqale ukubonisa.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ziyefana kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuguqula isethi yezakhi zofuzo, uyakwazi ukulawula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele:
- Qinisa amasosha omzimba.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuyingozi (amaswidi, okunamafutha, ufulawa) neziphuzo ezinokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi.
- Faka izithelo nemifino emisha ekudleni kwakho.
- Uma kunezifo, khetha uhlobo olusebenzayo lokwelashwa uhlangana nodokotela wakho.
- Yehlisa isisindo ngokweqile, unamathela ezimisweni zokudla okunempilo (kepha hhayi ukudla okulambile).
- Yenza ubungani bezemidlalo noma okungenani wandise ukusebenza komzimba.
- Funda ukubhekana nengcindezi.
Kepha izingane, ukuvimbela okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela ukuncelisa ibele, ngoba kusiza ukuqinisa ukungavikeleki kwengane futhi kwandise ukuqina komzimba. Ezinganeni esezikhulile, kubalulekile ukuvikela ukushoda kwezakhi zomzimba ekudleni.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukuvikela akuhlali kusiza ukugwema lesi sifo, kepha kuzoba nezinkinga ezimbalwa zempilo futhi kuzoba lula ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ebangela isifo sikashukela.
