Emkhakheni wezokwelapha wezwe lanamuhla, isifo sikashukela singokweqembu lezifo ezisezingeni lomhlaba jikelele ngoba sinezinga eliphakeme lokulimala, izinkinga ezinzima, futhi sidinga nezindleko ezinkulu zezimali zokwelashwa, isiguli esizodinga impilo yaso yonke.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo sikashukela, kepha ezidume kakhulu futhi ezijwayelekile yilezi: isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nesesibili. Zombili lezi zifo azikwazi ukwelashwa, futhi zidinga ukulawulwa kukho konke impilo.
Iziguli eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zizibuza ukuthi ngabe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singangena yini kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucubungule indlela yokuthuthuka yohlobo ngalunye lwesifo sokufunda umzimba, ukutadisha izici zabo ezihlukile, bese kuthi lapho usuphothulile wenze isiphetho esinolwazi.
Ukuthathwa kwe-glucose
Umsebenzi wesayensi wanamuhla ufunde kabanzi izindlela zesifo sikashukela. Kubukeka sengathi lesi sifo sinye futhi siyafana, futhi sihlukile ngohlobo oluthile. Kepha empeleni, bakhula ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinhlobo zokuqala nesibili zesifo sikashukela zivame ukuhlangana nazo, ezahlukahluka ngendlela yokusebenza, izimbangela, amandla, isithombe sasemtholampilo ngokulandelana, kanye namaqhinga okuphulukisa.
Ukuqonda ukuthi izindlela zokuthuthukisa izifo zihluka kanjani, kufanele uqonde umgomo wokufaka ushukela ezingeni lamaselula
- IGlucose ngamandla angena emzimbeni womuntu kanye nokudla. Ngemuva kokuthi ivele kumaseli, i-cleavage yayo iyabonakala, izinqubo ze-oxidative ziyenziwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezicubu ezithambile kwenzeka.
- "Ukudlula" emalungeni amaseli, ushukela udinga umqhubi.
- Futhi kulokhu, yi-insulin ye-hormone, ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas. Ikakhulu, ihlanganiswa namaseli we-pancreatic beta.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-insulin ingene egazini, futhi okuqukethwe kuyo kugcinwa ngezinga elithile. Futhi lapho ukudla kufika, ushukela usuphuziwe, bese ungena ohlelweni lokujikeleza. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili ukuhlinzeka umzimba ngamandla ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zangaphakathi.
I-glucose ayikwazi ukungena odongeni lweseli ngokwayo ngenxa yezici zayo ezihlelekile, ngoba i-molecule isindayo.
Futhi, yi-insulin eyenza ulwelwesi luvunyelwe, ngenxa yalokho ushukela ungena ngokukhululekile kulo.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
Ngokusekelwe olwazini olungenhla, kungenzeka ukuthi ufinyelele esiphethweni esinengqondo sokuthi ngokuntuleka kwehomoni iseli lihlala "lilambile", okuholela ekuqhubekeni kwesifo esimnandi.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela sincike kuma-hormone, futhi ukugxilwa kwe-insulin kungokwehla kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingezinhle.
Okokuqala nje isakhi sofuzo. Ososayensi basungule ngokusobala ukuthi uchungechunge oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo lungadluliselwa kumuntu, olukwazi ukuvuka ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo ezilimazayo, oluholela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singakhula ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezinjengalezi:
- Ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwamanyikwe, ukwakheka kwesimila sesitho sangaphakathi, ukulimala kwaso.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, izifo ze-autoimmune.
- Imiphumela enobuthi emzimbeni.
Esikhathini esiningi samacala, akuyona into eyodwa eholela ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo, kodwa eminingana ngasikhathi sinye. Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology luncike ngqo ekukhiqizweni kwehomoni, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi i-insulin-kuncike.
Ngokuvamile, isifo sikashukela sitholakala ebuntwaneni noma esemncane. Uma kutholakala ukugula, isiguli sinqunywa ngokushesha nge-insulin. Umthamo kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kunconywa ngawodwana.
Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kuthuthukisa inhlala-kahle yesiguli, futhi kuvumela umzimba womuntu ukufeza zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo ze-metabolic ngokugcwele. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ama-nuances athile:
- Lawula ushukela emzimbeni nsuku zonke.
- Ukubalwa ngokucophelela komthamo we-hormone.
- Ukuphathwa njalo kwe-insulin kuholela ekushintsheni kwe-atrophic kwezicubu zomzimba endaweni yomjovo.
- Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sikashukela, amasosha omzimba ayancipha ezigulini, ngenxa yalokho, amathuba we-pathologies athelelekayo ayanda.
Inkinga yalolu hlobo lwesifo ukuthi iningi lezingane nentsha ehlushwa yiso. Umbono wabo obonayo awunakukhubazeka, ukuphazamiseka kwehomoni kuyabonakala, okubuye kuholele ekubambezelweni kwesikhathi sokuthomba.
Ukuphathwa kwehomoni okungapheli kuyisidingo esibalulekile esenza inhlala-kahle, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibeka umngcele wenkululeko yokusebenza.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lunendlela ehluke ngokuphelele yokuthuthuka. Uma uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology lususelwa kumthelela wangaphandle kanye nesimo somzimba sokuntuleka kwezinto zokusebenza ezingafakwanga, uhlobo lwesibili luhluke kakhulu.
Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala ngokuhamba kancane, ngenxa yalokho kutholakala kakhulu kubantu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Izici ezibikezela kusengaphambili yilezi: ukukhuluphala, ukucindezela, ukudla okungenampilo, impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo sikashukela esingancike ku-insulin, esibonakaliswa yisimo se-hyperglycemic, okuwumphumela wokuphazamiseka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ukugxila kwe-glucose ephezulu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kokungasebenzi kahle okuthile emzimbeni womuntu.
Indlela Yokuthuthukisa:
- Ngokungafani nohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, ngale ndlela yokugula, i-hormone emzimbeni yanele, kepha ukutholakala kwamaseli emiphumeleni yayo kuncishisiwe.
- Ngenxa yalokhu, i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli, okuholela “endlekeni” yawo, kepha ushukela awunyamalali ndawo, aqongelela egazini, okuholela esimweni se-hypoglycemic.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwamanyikwe kuyaphazamiseka, kuqala ukuhlanganisa inani elikhudlwana lehomoni ukuze kunxephezelwe ukuthikamezeka kweselula.
Njengomthetho, kulesi sigaba, udokotela uncoma ukubuyekezwa okuhle kokudla kwakhe, anikeze indlela yokudla yezempilo, uhlobo oluthile lansuku zonke. Kwezemidlalo kubekiwe okusiza ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kwi-hormone.
Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kungaphumeleli, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunikeza amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Okokuqala, kunikezwa ikhambi elilodwa, ngemuva kwalokho bangancoma ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa eziningana ezivela emaqenjini ahlukahlukene.
Ngenkambo ende yesifo sikashukela nokusebenza ngokweqile kwe-pancreatic, okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu le-insulin, ukuncipha kwesitho sangaphakathi kungabandakanywa, ngenxa yalokho kube nokushoda kwama-hormone.
Kulokhu, ukuphela kwendlela ukuphatha i-insulin. Okusho ukuthi, kukhethwa amaqhinga wokwelashwa, njengakuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela.
Kanye nalokhu, iziguli eziningi zicabanga ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sikashukela seluguqukele kolunye. Ikakhulu, ukuguqulwa kohlobo lwe-2 kuhlobo lwe-1 kwenzeka. Kepha lokhu akunjalo.
Ngabe uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela lungangena kuhlobo lokuqala?
Ngakho-ke, ushukela we-2 usengangena ohlotsheni lokuqala? Ukusebenza kwezokwelapha kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu akunakwenzeka. Ngeshwa, lokhu akwenzi kube lula ezigulini.
Uma ama-pancreas elahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo ngenxa yomthwalo oqhubekayo ngokweqile, khona-ke uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo alunakubalwa. Ukubeka ngamanye amagama, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi izicubu ezithambile zilahlekelwa umuzwa wazo we-hormone, futhi akukho-insulin eyanele emzimbeni.
Kulokhu, kuvela ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugcina impilo yesiguli imijovo enehomoni. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, kuphela ezimeni ezihlukile lapho bengasebenza khona njengesinyathelo sesikhashana.
Ebuningini bezithombe zemitholampilo, uma ngabe i-insulin ibekwe ngesikhathi sohlobo lwesibili lwalesi sifo, isiguli kufanele senze imijovo kukho konke impilo yaso.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 saziwa ngokushoda kwama-hormone okuphelele emzimbeni womuntu. Okusho ukuthi, amaseli we-pancreatic awakhiqizi i-insulin. Kulokhu, imijovo ye-insulin iyadingeka ngenxa yezizathu zempilo.
Kepha ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuyabonakala, okungukuthi, i-insulin yanele, kodwa amaseli awakuboni. Yikuphi okuholela ekwandeni kokuhlungwa kwe-glucose emzimbeni.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela alunakungena kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo.
Ngaphandle kwamagama afanayo, ama-pathologies ayahlukahluka ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa, ama-course dynamics, kanye namaqhinga wokulapha.
Izici ezihlukanisayo
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lwenzeka ngoba amangqamuzana e-pancreatic "ahlasela" amasosha abo omzimba, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, okuholela ekwandeni kokuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni.
Uhlobo lwesibili lukhula kancane uma luqhathaniswa nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ama-receptors amaseli alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo wangaphambili we-insulin kancane, futhi lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ushukela wegazi uyanqwabelana.
Phezu kokuthi iqiniso lokuthi imbangela ngqo eholela ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zifo ayikakamiswa, ososayensi banciphise uhla lwezinto eziholela ekutholakaleni kwalezi zifo.
Izici ezihlukile ngokuya ngembangela yokwenzeka:
- Kukholakala ukuthi izinto eziphambili ezihambisana nokwakhiwa kohlobo lwesibili ukukhuluphala, impilo yokuhlala nokudla okungenampilo. Futhi ngohlobo 1, ukubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune kwamaseli e-pancreatic kubangela i-pathology, futhi lokhu kungaba ngumthelela wokutheleleka ngegciwane (i-rubella).
- Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, isici esingamafa kungenzeka. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngobuningi bamacala, izingane zithola amafa kubazali bobabili. Futhi, uhlobo 2 lunobudlelwano obuqinile bendawo nomlando womndeni.
Yize kunezici ezithile ezingahlukile, lezi zifo zinomphumela ojwayelekile - lokhu ngukuthuthuka kwezinkinga ezinkulu.
Njengamanje, ayikho indlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bacabanga ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona zenhlanganisela yama-immunosuppressants nezidakamizwa ezikhulisa i-gastrin, okuzoholela ekubuyiselweni kokusebenza kwe-pancreatic.
Uma le ndlela entsha yokuhumushela "empilweni", khona-ke bekuzovumela abantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuba balahle i-insulin unomphela.
Ngokuqondene nohlobo lwesibili, futhi ayikho indlela ezokwelapha isiguli unomphela. Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela, ukwelashwa okwanele kusiza ukunxephezela lesi sifo, kodwa hhayi ukuselapha.
Ngokusekelwe kokushiwo ngenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo sikashukela alukwazi ukuthatha enye indlela. Kodwa akukho okuguqukayo kusuka kuleli qiniso, ngoba i-T1DM ne-T2DM zigcwele izinkinga, futhi lama-pathologies kumele alawulwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikashukela kuvidiyo ezikulesi sihloko.
