Ngokuphulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe noma ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana kwama-receptors kwezicubu kuya ku-insulin, isifo sikashukela siyakhula.
Ukwanda kweglucose egazini kushukela kubangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezitho zomzimba, ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile. Ukuthi uselapha kanjani futhi kanjani isifo sikashukela kunqunywa uhlobo lwesifo kanye nokusabela ngakunye emithini.
Ngomthamo okhethwe ngokungafanele wezidakamizwa, ukungahambisani nokudla, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zisongelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima noma ezibulalayo.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sikhula ngokubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin. Lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ze-autoimmune, viral noma genetic.
Egazini, amazinga e-insulin ayancipha futhi noshukela awukwazi ukudonswa yizicubu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ukubulawa yindlala kwezitho nezinhlelo kwenzeka. Izici ezibucayi kakhulu ekuswelekeni kokudla okunempilo ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yenhliziyo. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, iziguli ezinjalo zisongelwa nge-coma.
Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 esikhundleni sokwelashwa okuthatha indawo. Futhi umuthi okuwukuphela kwawo ongalashwa ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yi-insulin. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthi ulwele uhlobo lomuthi olunjalo ukuze uvuseleleze ngangokunokwenzeka kufana nohlobo lwemvelo lokukhululwa.
Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo e-insulin yabantu, atholakala ngobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, wonke ama-insulin angahlukaniswa:
- Isenzo esifushane.
- Isenzo eside, noma eside.
- Kuhlanganisiwe.
Ukufaka insulin okufushane kufana nokukhipha okwakhe ngemuva kokudla. Basiza ekudleni izakhamzimba ezithathwe ngokudla.
Ukufakwa insulin isikhathi eside kugcina amazinga kashukela phakathi kokudla, kufaka phakathi nobusuku.
Izidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe zinezakhiwo zezinto ezimbili - ezimfishane nezinde.
Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela nge-insulin, isiguli kufanele sazi umthetho: ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nalesi sidakamizwa, ukuqashwa njalo kwezinga le-glucose yegazi nokuzimisela kwephrofayili ye-glycemic kuyadingeka.
Ukulawula inkathi yesifo sikashukela, ukucutshungulwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical ngephrofayili enemininingwane ye-lipid (isilinganiso samafutha ku-cholesterol) nakho kwenziwa.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi ngabe umthamo ukhethwe kahle yini, udokotela oholayo ugxile kuzinkomba ezinjalo:
- Ukushisa ushukela egazini (mmol / l) kusuka ku-5.1 kuye ku-6.5; ngemuva kokudla, ngemuva kwamahora amabili, 7.6-9; ngaphambi kokulala i-6-7.5.
- I-Glycated hemoglobin 6.2 -7.5%.
- I-cholesterol isiyonke efinyelela ku-4.8 mmol / l, amafutha aphansi kakhulu - aze afike ku-3, aphezulu - ngaphezu kwe-1,2.
- Umfutho wegazi cishe 135/85 mm Hg
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kusetshenziswa njengomjovo wansuku zonke we-insulin ngesirinji noma ipeni elikhethekile, kanye nangepompo le-insulin.
Iphampu ilawula ukuhamba kwe-insulin ngokuya ngesidingo sayo.
Thayipha abacindezeli besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinhlobo lwesibili sikashukela, i-insulin ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa. Ukuhlukile kungaba yizimo zokulimala, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima.
Wonke amaphilisi asetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi ahlukaniswe yimishini yokusebenza ku:
- Khulisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin.
- Ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
- Ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone akhulisa ukukhishwa kwe-insulin.
- Umuthi i-acarbose (Glucobai), ophazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose emathunjini.
- Amalungiselelo anciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin afaka i-metformin (Siofor, Glucofage namanye ama-analogues) ne-pioglitazone (Actos, Pioglar). Leli yiqembu elithembisayo kakhulu lezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuthuthukisa imetabolism yamafutha, kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, i-hypoglycemia akuvamile ukuba ikhule. I-Contraindicated uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi nokusebenza kwezinso.
- Izidakamizwa ukuvusa ukukhishwa kwe-insulin zisebenza ngokushesha, zisetshenziselwa ukudla okungajwayelekile. Kepha isifo sikashukela, eselashwa kakhulu naleli qembu lezidakamizwa, sivame ukuhambisana ne-hypoglycemia kanye ne-ketoacidosis. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imishanguzo enjalo ibangela ngokushesha ukudangala kwamanyikwe, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa ngezinga elithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iManninil, Glimepiride.
- Ama-Hormone esikhuthazi asetshenziswe muva nje. Izinzuzo zabo ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, ukuvikelwa kwamaseli we-beta wamanyikwe, kanye nokwehla komfutho wegazi. Kuthunyelwe ngaphansi kwamagama okuhweba: Bayeta, Viktoza, Yanuviya, Onglisa.
- I-Glucobuy ivimba ukumuncwa kwe-glucose esiswini, isetshenziswa kuphela ngenxa yemiphumela emibi ngendlela yokungakhululeki kwamathumbu nokusebenza kahle okuphansi.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela
Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa nge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela futhi isiguli sazi ukwelashwa ngemithi, khona-ke isimo sesibili esidingekayo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo siyindlela yokudla ebunjiwe kahle.
Imigomo eyisisekelo yokudla kokudla ushukela:
- Ukuvinjelwa kwamafutha, ikakhulukazi okuvela ezilwaneni.
- Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo kashukela noshukela.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezinoshukela.
- Inani eliphelele lama-carbohydrate lide lifike kuma-300 g.
- Ukunciphisa usawoti kube ngu-12 g.
- Ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo ngesenzo se-lipotropic (ngcono i-metabolism yamafutha).
- Kufanele kube nenani elanele le-fiber yokudla ekudleni okunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose ne-cholesterol evela emathunjini.
- Ukudla okuhlanu noma kweziyisithupha ngosuku.
Ukudla i-calorie kubalwa kwesisindo somzimba esivamile kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin ngokusekelwe kwesisindo somzimba sazo esiyi-30 kcal / kg kwabesifazane, ezingama-35 kwabesilisa.
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokukhuluphala, kuhlanganiswa isidlo esinez inani lama-kilojoule ukusuka ku-1600 kuya ku-1800 kcal. Esikhathini esingangesonto, isiguli esinesisindo ngokweqile kufanele silahlekelwe ngama-200 - 400 g.
Ukuze udle ukudla, ungasebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo nezitsha:
Izitsha zenyama: ezilungisiwe kusuka ku-veal, inkukhu, iturkey, unogwaja nengulube ngaphandle kwamafutha. Imikhiqizo yokubilisa, yokuphaka, kanye ne-mince ivumelekile. Inkomba ye-glycemic ye-turkey nezinye izidlo ezinamafutha aphansi.
Izinhlobo ezingama-non-fat ziyakhethwa: i-cod, i-pollock, i-pike perch, i-pike noma i-catfish, ngendlela ebilisiwe, ebhakwe. Ukudla kwasolwandle okunconyiwe.
Amaqanda adliwa ngendlela yama-omelet, i-yolk ngosuku ayikwazi ukudlula esisodwa.
Ubisi, isiphuzo esibucayi, isiphuzo sobisi esimuncu, ushizi onamafutha amancane noshizi ongafakwanga.
Izitsha zemifino zilungiswa kusuka ku-zucchini, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi, ukholifulawa, ubhontshisi oluhlaza. Inketho engcono kakhulu isaladi yemifino entsha.
Iporridge lidliwa ngenani elilinganiselwe kusuka ku-oat, amabele we-buckwheat kanye nebhali leparele.
Amaswidi nezithelo angaba ngamanani amancane kakhulu, imikhiqizo ye-confectionery kuphela ku-fructose noma kwezinye izikhala.
Akuvumelekile ukuthi i-mellitus yeshukela ikusebenzise ekudleni kokudla:
- Ibhotela, ikhekhe likhekhe, ushukela, ujamu, ujamu, amaswidi, u-ayisikhilimu.
- Zonke amasoso, amajusi, ukudla okusemathinini kokwenza izimboni.
- Navara kusuka inyama, inhlanzi.
- Inyama enamafutha, inhlanzi, ikakhulukazi okukhaliphile: ubuchopho, isibindi, inhliziyo, izinso.
- I-Semolina, i-pasta nelayisi.
- Izinsuku, ubhanana, amagilebhisi, omisiwe, amakhiwane.
- Ushizi omnandi nama-yogurts.
- I-Margarine kanye nanoma yimaphi amafutha okupheka.
- Ukudla okusheshayo, ama-chip kanye nezifungo.
Amakhambi esifo sikashukela
Umuthi we-herbal usetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono inhlala-kahle ekwelashweni okunesifo sikashukela okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi kulungisa kancane kancane i-carbohydrate metabolism, futhi kunciphise umthamo wemithi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Ngokugaya okuhambisanayo nokulimazeka kwezinso, ama-phytopreparations anomthelela wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isifo sikashukela singalashwa kanjani ngamakhambi, kudingeka wazi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinganciphisa ushukela. Okwenzelwe ukumiliselwa nokusetshenziswa kwama-broths:
- Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Amabhontjisi ebhontshisi.
- I-Aralia izimpande
- Izimbali ze-Chamomile.
- Izimpande zeChicory.
- Impande yeBurdock.
- Utshani beYarrow.
- Iqabunga likaPlantain.
- Impande ye-Dandelion.
- Amajikijolo kanye namaqabunga sitrobheli wasendle.
- Iqabunga le-Bay.
- Oats
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo sikashukela, kusetshenziswa itiye lokunambitheka okumnandi. Udinga ukuthatha izingxenye ezi-4 zamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izingxenye ezi-3 zamaqabunga ama-bhontshisi, izingxenye ezi-4 zamaqabunga obhontshisi, 1 ingxenye yotshani be-yarrow, izingxenye ezi-3 zezimpande ze-burdock, izingxenye ezi-4 zamaqabunga e-dioecious nettle, izingxenye ezi-2 zezimpande ze-dandelion, izingxenye ezi-4 zama-oat okusanhlamvu, izingxenye ezi-4 zama-rose okhalweni. Onke amakhambi kufanele aqunywe futhi aphulwe njengetiye elijwayelekile.
Amaqabunga ulethisi wasengadini, uphizi, amakhowe ne-alfalfa nawo anezindawo zokunciphisa ushukela. Emithini yesintu, kusetshenziswa iziphuzo ezisanda kufakwa ezilwanyelwe ukuvikela kanye nokwelapha isifo sikashukela. Ukwelashwa okulula kakhulu kwesifo sikashukela ekhaya ujusi ovela e-artisoke e-Jerusalem, amazambane aluhlaza, ujusi osuka emaqabungeni amasha iklabishi elimhlophe, irayisi kanye nejinja le-dogwood.
Izinongo zisetshenziswa futhi ukwengeza ezitsheni - isinamoni nojinja. Ngokwengezwa nsuku zonke kwesinamoni okuqala kusuka ku-1 gram ngosuku, ngemuva kwenyanga ungafinyelela ukunciphisa okukhulu kumazinga kashukela. Ukudonswa kancane kancane ngokubekezelela okuhle kungangezelelwa ku-5 g.
I-ginger lowers cholesterol, ilawula okunamafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate metabolism, ithuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi namathoni.
Uma isetshenziswa nezidakamizwa ukunciphisa ushukela, kungadala i-hypoglycemia.
Ukuzivocavoca ngesifo sikashukela
Ezimweni zesimanje, isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengesifo esingelapheki ngokuphelele, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi sithinte ikhwalithi yempilo, isikhathi sayo nenhlala-kahle. Ukuze kwandise ukumelana nomzimba nokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, umsebenzi womzimba uyasetshenziswa.
Lokhu kufanele kube uhlelo olukhethiwe uqobo olungalethi inzuzo kuphela, kepha futhi nenjabulo. Amakilasi kufanele abe made impela - cishe imizuzu engama-30 - engama-45 ngosuku. Zilungele le njongo ukuhamba, ukujaha ukukhanya, ukubhukuda, ukwelashwa nokuzivocavoca okwenziwe nge-yoga. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwesifo sikashukela kuyasiza kakhulu.
Esimweni sesimo esibucayi, iziguli ezisembhedeni kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kokubambelela kokungasebenzi kokuvivinya umzimba zinganconywa.
Kwabanesifo sikashukela abasebenzisa i-insulin, kunemithetho yokuvimbela ubunzima kwezemidlalo:
- Kwenqatshelwe ukuqeqesha ezingeni likashukela ngaphezulu kwe-13 mmol / l.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, kufanele uhlole ushukela wegazi lakho ngokushesha.
- Umthamo we-insulin enwetshiwe ngosuku lwesigaba uncishiswa ngo-20-40%.
- Kufanele ube namanzi noshukela kanye nawe.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nokwelashwa kwalo.
