Ukwanda koshukela wegazi uphawu olubalulekile oludinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ngokuvamile, ukwephulwa okunjalo kutholakala ngengozi. Ezimweni ezithile, ukwanda koshukela wegazi kuboniswa ekubonisweni okuhlukahlukene.
Ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila. Odokotela bathi ukwelashwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo ngeke kulethe umphumela olindelekile uma ukungondleki kokudla kungalandelwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemithi.
Ngosizo lokudla nemithi, kusungulwa inkathi yokulinganisa ushukela wegazi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, wonke umuntu wama-50 emhlabeni unesifo sikashukela. Ngoshukela wegazi ophakeme, ukudla kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwenza isimo sibejwayelekile futhi kuzinze amazinga kashukela.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela nezifo ezihlobene
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 senzeka ngoba amanyikwe ayayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele. Le pathology ibonakaliswa ngenxa yenqubo ye-pathological kwezicubu ze-gland, ama-β-cell ayo afa. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 baba bathembela ku-insulin futhi abakwazi ukuhlala ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwemijovo.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, inani le-insulin egazini lihlala lisezingeni elijwayelekile, kodwa ukungena kwalo kumaseli kukhubazekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imali efakwa emzimbeni wamaseli yonakalisa ulwelwesi futhi ivimba nama-receptors abophayo aleli hormone. Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 asincikile kwe-insulin, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo semijovo.
Ukwanda koshukela wegazi kwenzeka lapho amandla omzimba wokuthola i-insulin engasebenzi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-hormone ayisatshalaliswa kahle, igxiliswa egazini.
Ukwephulwa okunjalo kuvame ukukhushulwa ngu:
- isifo sesibindi
- cholesterol ephezulu
- ukukhuluphala
- i-pancreatitis engapheli,
- ukumisela ifa.
Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile ngu-3.4-5.6 mmol / L. Le nkomba ingashintsha usuku lonke, okuyinqubo yemvelo. Kufanele wengezwe ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zithinta amazinga kashukela:
- ukukhulelwa
- izifo ezinzima.
Lowo olandelwa ukugula okuhlala njalo, ukukhathala kanye novalo kutholakala ukuthi unalesi sifo.
Uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi, khona-ke izinga leshukela lizobuyela kokujwayelekile. I-Hyperglycemia ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela angaphezu kuka-5.6 mmol / L. Ukuthi ushukela uyaphakanyiswa kungashiwo uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi kwenziwa ngesikhathi esithile. Uma igazi lingaphezu kuka-7.0 mmol, lokhu kukhombisa isifo sikashukela.
Njengoba kukhuphuke kancane ushukela wegazi, udinga imenyu yansuku zonke.
Kunezindawo eziningana ezikhombisa ukwedlula ushukela wegazi:
- ukuchama njalo
- ukukhathala
- ubuthakathaka kanye nokubabaza,
- umlomo owomile, ukoma,
- isifiso esiphakeme sokunciphisa umzimba,
- ukuphulukiswa kancane kokuqhekeka namanxeba,
- buthaka kokungaziguli,
- kunciphe umbono
- isikhumba esikhanyayo.
Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zibonakaliso zivele ziphendukelane, hhayi ngokushesha. Uma umuntu ebona lezi zimpawu, kufanele ahlolwe ngokushesha ukuvikela imiphumela engemihle yempilo.
Izincomo ezibalulekile
Ngokwanda ushukela wegazi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayidla nokuthi yini okufanele ivinjwe njalo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa okudla ekudleni kusetshenziswa ngokwetafula lokwelashwa le-Pevzner No. 9. Lokhu kudla kwenza ukuthi:
- yenza ushukela wegazi abe ngokwejwayelekile
- cholesterol ephansi
- qeda ukukhukhumala,
- thuthukisa umfutho wegazi.
Ukudla okunjalo kusho ukwehla kokudla kwama-caloric ngosuku. Inani lamafutha emifino kanye nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kumenyu nawo ancishisiwe. Uma ulandela uhlelo olunjalo, kumele usebenzise imikhiqizo eshintsha ushukela.
Ama-sweeteners ahlukahlukene ngesisekelo samakhemikhali nezitshalo asemakethe. Isifo sikashukela kufanele silahle ngokuphelele i-cholesterol nezinto ezikhipha emzimbeni. Iziguli zikhonjiswa amavithamini, izinto ze-lipotropic kanye nefayibha yokudla. Konke lokhu kuku-okusanhlamvu, izithelo, ushizi wekotishi nenhlanzi.
Ukuvimbela ushukela wegazi ukuthi ungakhuphuki, kufanele ulahle ngokuphelele ujamu, u-ayisikhilimu, i-muffin, amaswidi noshukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awudingi ukudla inyama ye-goose neyedada.
Kukhishwe ekudleni:
- ubisi olubhakwe
- ukhilimu
- izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinamafutha
- imikhiqizo enosawoti
- ama-yogurts amnandi
- ubisi olubilisiwe olubhakwe.
Ushukela omningi uwukuphikisana kokudla kwepasta, ilayisi, umhluzi osindayo wenyama ne-semolina. Akunasidingo sokudla okudla okunezipayisi kanye nezinongo, imifino ethosiwe, kanye nokosa okuhlukahlukene.
Abantu abanoshukela omningi akufanele badle amagilebhisi nezomisiwe, kanye nezithelo ezimnandi, kufaka nobhanana. Uphuzo oludakayo namasiphu enoshukela nakho kwenqatshelwe.
Imenyu enoshukela omningi ifaka imikhiqizo evela ezinhlolweni zokusanhlamvu okuphelele, inyama engenazinhlanzi nenhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lezithelo nemifino, imifino ehlukahlukene, izinhlobo eziningana zokusanhlamvu kufanele kube khona ekudleni. Ungadla amaqanda ngokulinganisela.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukudla inani elithile lemikhiqizo yobisi enamazinga aphansi wamafutha. Ukudla amaswidi kuvunyelwe, kepha ngamakhefu amade.
Imenyu kufanele ifake amasaladi amasha, enziwa ngezithelo nemifino, futhi ayoliswe ngamafutha omnqumo, iyogathi yasekhaya noma ukhilimu omuncu onamafutha aphansi.
Izici zokudla
Abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka banqume kwimenyu eyisampula evikini. Ngokudla kwasekuseni, ungadla i-oatmeal nebhotela elincane. Futhi, abanesifo sikashukela bavunyelwe ukudla ama-rye ama-sandwich e-shizi noshizi onamafutha aphansi netiye elingafakiwe. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, umuntu angadla i-apula noma ushizi omncane we-cottage shizi.
Ukudla kwasemini, udinga ukupheka isobho kanye nelesibili, ngokwesibonelo, iphalishi le-buckwheat nge-cutlet yenkukhu. Isidlakela sasemini siqukethe izithelo ezingafakiwe. Ngokudla kwakusihlwa, abanesifo sikashukela bangadla isaladi yemifino enenyama noma inhlanzi, kanye netiye noma i-compote.
Ukwehlisa izinga loshukela egazini lomuntu, kubalulekile ukubala njalo okuqukethwe nsuku zonke kilojoule. Ukudla kwasekuseni okokuqala lapho udinga ngabo-8 ekuseni. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla kwasekuseni kokuqala kufanele kube ngama-20% wokuqukethwe kwakhalori nsuku zonke, okuyi-480 kuye ku-520 kilocalories.
Ukudla kwasekuseni kwesibili kufanele kwenzeke ngehora leshumi ekuseni. Okuqukethwe kwayo kilojoule kungu-10% wevolumu yansuku zonke, okungukuthi, ama-240-260 kilocalories. Ukudla kwasemini kuqala cishe ngo-13 kusihlwa futhi kwenza cishe ama-30% wokuqukethwe kwakhalori nsuku zonke, okulingana namakhalori ayi-730-760.
I-Snack diabetesic emahoreni ayi-16, isidlo santambama cishe siyi-10% yamakhalori ansuku zonke, okungukuthi, amakhalori angama-250-260. Ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa - ama-20% amakhalori noma ama-kilojoule angama-490-520. Isikhathi sokudla ngamahora ayi-18 noma kungekudala.
Uma ufuna ngempela ukudla, ungenza isidlo sasebusuku sekwephuzile ngo-20 pm. Okwamanje, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngaphezu kwama-260 kilocalories.
Kubalulekile ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe inani lamandla lemikhiqizo ekhonjisiwe kumathebula wekhalori.
Ngokusekelwe kulemininingwane, imenyu evikini iyahlanganiswa.
Ithebula 9 lesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 badinga imijovo ye-insulin engapheli. Isiguli kufanele siqaphe njalo izinga le-enzyme ne-glucose elungiselelwe. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi uma uhlala ujova i-insulin, isidingo sokuqapha indlela odla ngayo siyanyamalala. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa indlela yokudla esehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Odokotela baqokomisa imigomo eyisisekelo yokudla kokudla okunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate wemifino. Ushukela wokugaya kalula awuvunyelwe. Ungasebenzisa izitsha eziseceleni ezinempilo zabanesifo sikashukela,
- Ukudla kufanele kube khona njalo, kepha kuyaphithizela. Usuku oludinga ukudla cishe izikhathi ezingama-5-6,
- Esikhundleni sikashukela, kuthathwa iswiti,
- Ukubanjiswa okulinganiselwe kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate kuyakhonjiswa.
- Yonke imikhiqizo kumele ibiliswe, ibhakwe noma ibiwe,
- Ukubala amayunithi wesinkwa kuyadingeka.
Ungawehlisa inani likashukela uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo ngokuhlelekile:
- Amajikijolo nezithelo,
- Izitshalo zamabele
- Ummbila namazambane
- Imikhiqizo ene-sucrose.
I-Seaweed nayo inenzuzo kakhulu kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ungapheka isobho kanye nomhluzi ngezinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi nenyama. Izithelo ze-Acid zivunyelwe Udokotela kuphela owenza ukwelashwa angadla ushukela.
Ngemvume kadokotela oholayo, ungadla imikhiqizo yobisi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokhilimu omuncu, ushizi no-ayisikhilimu akufakiwe ngokuphelele. Izinongo nososo akufanele kube okubabayo futhi okubabayo.
Kufika ku-40 g wamafutha yemifino kanye namafutha avunyelwe ngosuku.
Iyunithi lesinkwa
Ukudla okunoshukela wegazi ophakeme kufanele kwehliswe ekubaleni amayunithi wesinkwa - i-XE. I-carbohydrate noma iyunithi lesinkwa inani le-carbohydrate ligxile enkombeni ye-glycemic, liyadingeka ukulinganisela ekudleni kwalabo abanesifo sikashukela.
Ngokomhlangano, iyunithi lesinkwa lilingana ne-10 g yesinkwa ngaphandle kwemicu noma i-12 g enemicu. Ilingana nama-22-25 g wesinkwa. Le yunithi inyusa ukugcwala koshukela egazini cishe ngo-1.5-2 mmol / L.
Umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele ajwayele itafula elikhethekile lapho kunemininingwane ecacile yamayunithi esinkwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomkhiqizo, okungukuthi:
- Izithelo
- Imifino
- Imikhiqizo yamabhikawozi,
- Iziphuzo
- I-Krupakh.
Ukwenza isibonelo, engcebeni yesinkwa esimhlophe kungama-20 g XE, esiqeshini seBorodino noma isinkwa rye - 25 g XE. Cishe i-15 g yamayunithi wesinkwa asepuni:
- Oatmeal
- Flour
- Millet
- Iphalishi le-Buckwheat.
Inani elikhulu le-XE liqukethe kumikhiqizo enjalo:
- Ingilazi ye-kefir - 250 ml XE,
- Ama-beet - 150 g
- Lemons ezintathu noma ucezwana ikhabe - 270 g,
- Izaqathe ezintathu - 200 g,
- Inkomishi eyodwa nesigamu yejusi utamatisi - 300 g XE.
Ithebula elinjalo kumele litholakale futhi lenze okudlayo kulo. Ukuze wehlise ushukela wegazi, udinga ukudla kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-5 XE ibhulakufesi, isidlo sasekuseni sesibili - akukho ngaphezu kwe-2 XE. Ukudla isidlo sasemini kanye nelantshi kubandakanya ne-3-5 XE.
Imenyu eyisampula
Ukudla No. 1
Ukudla kwasekuseni kokuqala: i-120 g ye-cottage shizi enamafutha amancane, ama-60 g amajikijolo, inkomishi ye-kefir.
Ukudla kwasekuseni kwesibili: i-200 g ye-porridge yommbila, i-100 g yenkukhu enosiwe, ama-60 g kabhontshisi abilisiwe kanye ne-apula.
Isidlo sasemini: isobho esingu-250 ml kumhluzi onamafutha aphansi, i-100 g ye-veal ebilisiwe, ikhukhamba, ingilazi yetiye enama-rose okhalweni.
Isidlakela: i-casseroles engu-150 g yasekhishini, itiye.
Ukudla kwakusihlwa kokuqala: izinhlanzi eziyi-150 g ezintshontshiwe, imifino engama-200 g ebilisiwe, umhluzi we-currant.
Ukudla kwesibili: I-200 ml yeyogathi yemvelo enesinamoni.
Ukudla No. 2
Ukudla kwasekuseni kokuqala: I-120 g ye-oatmeal ngeyogathi, ama-60 g amajikijolo, ikhofi ngobisi.
Ukudla kwasekuseni kwesibili: i-200 g yepalishi le-buckwheat, i-100 g ye-veal ebilisiwe, 60 g wethanga elibilisiwe.
Isidlo sasemini: 250 ml ye-borsch emnyama, i-100 g yewundlu elibilisiwe, utamatisi, izithelo nengilazi yokufakwa nge-aronia.
Isidlakela: i-150 g mousse noshizi we-cottage shizi, inkomishi yetiye.
Ukudla kwakusihlwa kokuqala: I-150 g yomvundla obilisiwe, i-200 g yesitshulu semifino, umhluzi we-rosehip.
Ukudla kwesibili: 200 ml ye-kefir enesinamoni. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhuluma ngalokho okufanele ngabe kukudla kwesifo sikashukela.
