I-insulin ibekelwe ushukela njengendlela yokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ophezulu. I-Hyperglycemia iwuphawu oluphambili lwesifo sikashukela kanye nembangela enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima nezisabekayo.
Ngohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-insulin ukuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa ushukela, onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, inhloso yayo nayo iyadingeka kwezinye izimo (ukukhulelwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukubulawa kwesifo sikashukela).
Bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanikezwe i-insulin badinga imininingwane yokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi baphume i-insulin, ngoba imijovo ephindaphindwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu impilo yezenhlalo futhi ibeke imingcele ekudleni kokudla kanye nokuhambisana nemigomo ejwayelekile.
Indima ye-insulin emzimbeni
I-insulin emzimbeni ithinta zonke izinhlobo zemetabolism. Kepha okokuqala kuphathelene nokudla kwama-carbohydrate. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-insulin ukudluliswa kweglucose esitokisini ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi. Izicubu zemisipha ne-adipose, emzimbeni ezenza cishe ama-68% wesisindo somzimba, zincike kakhulu kwi-insulin.
Ukuphendula, ukuhamba kwegazi nokunyakaza kuncike emsebenzini wezicubu zomsipha, izicubu ze-adipose zisebenzela ukugcina amandla emzimbeni. Ngokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ngokuphelele zonke izitho ziyahlupheka, izitho ezithinta kakhulu ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yenhliziyo. Ukusuka ekushoneni okungapheli kwama-glucose, izinqubo zokufa kweseli ezingenakuguqulwa ziyakheka kuzo.
Amandla okwehlisa izinga likashukela emzimbeni kungokwakheka kwe-insulin kuphela. Lo mhlaba wenziwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ukufakwa kweglucose nezinye izinto ngamaseli kuyathuthukiswa.
- Umsebenzi wama-enzyme aphula ushukela ngokukhipha amandla (ngendlela ye-ATP) uyanda.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Glycogen kusuka ekukhuleni kwe-glucose, okufakwa esibindini nasemisipha (njengendawo yokubhukelwa).
- Ukwakheka kweglucose esibindini kuyancishiswa.
Umphumela we-insulin kumaphrotheni we-protein metabolism uqukethe ukwandisa ukumuncwa kwama-amino acid, i-potassium, i-magnesium kanye ne-phosphates ngamangqamuzana, kanye nasekuvuseleleni ukuphindaphindwa kwe-DNA nokwenziwa kwamaprotheni. I-insulin yehlisa ukwehla kwamaprotheni.
I-insulin ilawula imetabolism yamafutha ngokuguqula i-glucose ibe yi-triglycerides futhi inciphise ukuwohloka kwamafutha. Okusho ukuthi, i-insulin isiza ukugcina amafutha.
Ngemuva kokudla, izinga likashukela wegazi liyakhuphuka, ngokuphendula kulokhu, ama-pancreas akhipha i-insulin. Lapho i-glucose iwela ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kusuka kumaseli we-beta kuyehla, kepha akuyeki. Ama-Contrinsular hormone - i-glucagon, i-adrenaline namanye ama-hormone okucindezela aqala ukungena egazini, ngemuva kwalokho kuphakama izinga le-glucose.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, i-pancreas ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-insulin. Lokhu kungenxa yokubhujiswa kwamaseli we-beta ngezinqubo ze-autoimmune, ukuvezwa kwamagciwane noma ukuphazamiseka kofuzo.
Uma kungekho insulin, amazinga kashukela akhuphuka ngokushesha. Ukwenqaba i-insulin kungaholela ku-ukoma nokufa.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lukhula kancane kunoluhlobo 1, ngalo i-insulin ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi obujwayelekile noma bande, kepha ama-insulin receptors amangqamuzana awasabeli kulo, ushukela awukwazi ukunqamula kulolubumba lwamaseli futhi uhlala egazini.
Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga kashukela egazini 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela kulimaza imithambo yegazi, kubangele izinkinga ngendlela:
- Isifo sikashukela Angiopathy
- Ama-Neuropathies ngokwakhiwa kwezilonda ezingapholiyo (unyawo lwesifo sikashukela).
- Ukulimala izinso - nephropathy.
- I-Arthropathy.
- I-retina yeso i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
- Encephalopathy
- Ukuzivikela komzimba kuyehla.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zithambekele ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nezikhunta, okuthi, ngokunxeshezelwa okunganele, zinzima, nezinkinga.
Kukhona nokuzwa okunciphayo ekwelashweni kwama-antibiotic kanye nezidakamizwa ze-antifungal.
Ukunquma nokuhoxiswa kwe-insulin ezigulini zikashukela
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 siyinkomba ephelele yokwelashwa kwe-insulin. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi kuphela isidakamizwa esingasusa umphumela onobuthi we-glucose ephezulu yegazi. Imijovo ye-insulin yesifo sikashukela ayikwazi ukwelapha lesi sifo;
"Yeqa i-insulin" ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 akunakwenzeka. Uma ulandela ukudla futhi ulandela izincomo zomsebenzi we-dosed emzimbeni, ungafinyelela ukwehliswa komthamo. Embuzweni - kungenzeka ukwenqaba i-insulin ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa inhlala-kahle futhi kwehlise amazinga kashukela, ama-endocrinologists anikeza impendulo eqondile engemihle.
Udinga ukufaka i-insulin ukuze ibukeke njengokukhishwa kwemvelo kwehomoni. Imvamisa, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo (secaltion basal) engaba yunithi olu-1 ngehora. Ngesikhathi sokudla, iyunithi elilodwa le-insulin likhishwa kuwo wonke ama-10 g ama-carbohydrate. Ngakho-ke, umjovo owodwa we-insulin awukwazi ukugcina izinga le-glucose egazini lihlala likhona.
Ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside, uLantus noLevemir, asethuthukisiwe, angalayishwa kanye, kepha ekusebenzeni kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi ngabe leli pilisi lizosebenza usuku olungakanani ngemikhawulo ebekiwe, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuvame ukuhambisana ne-hypoglycemia. Imijovo ye-insulin evame ukwenziwa kakhulu, kusondele kakhulu ekukhulisweni okujwayelekile kwehomoni.
Isincomo ekukhetheni ubude besikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-insulin kanye nemvamisa yokuphatha kungatholakala kuphela kusuka ku-endocrinologist lapho kuhlaziywa iphrofayili ye-glycemic yesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka, izinga lomsebenzi womzimba nezifo ezihambisanayo kufanele zibhekwe.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, ukushintshana okungenzeka ekuphathweni kwe-insulin kungadingeka ezimeni ezinjalo:
- Ukukhulelwa
- I-Myocardial infarction.
- Ischemic noma i-hemorrhagic stroke sobuchopho.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okuqhubekayo ngokudla okujwayelekile.
- I-ketoacidosis.
- Udokotela Ohlinzwa
- Izifo ezithathelanayo ezinzima (kungenzeka ukuthi zinezinkinga ze-purulent and septic).
- Isifo sikashukela esingakhokhelwe.
Uma kwisifo sikashukela, izinga lokudla okushukela lingaphezu kuka-7.85 mmol / L onesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile, noma ngaphezulu kuka-15 mmol / L nganoma yisiphi isisindo; Amaprotheni e-C-reactive ayancipha lapho ehlolwa nge-glucagon, i-glycosylated hemoglobin ngenhla kwe-9% kuwubufakazi besifo sikashukela esingakhokhwanga.
Uma isiguli samukela ukwelashwa okunqunyelwe, sinamathela ekudleni futhi sigcina irejimeni evunyelwe yokuzivocavoca, futhi amazinga eglucose angeke ancishiswe, khona-ke i-insulin yokwelashwa ingabekwa.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungenzeka ukuqeda ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin uma kungenzeka ukuthi uzinze i-carbohydrate metabolism. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kufanele kukhombise ukwehla ezingeni elinconyelwayo.
Ukuba nengane kungaholela ekutheni kube ngokwejwayelekile i-carbohydrate metabolism kwabesifazane abashintsha i-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokubeletha, kancane kancane bangasuka ku-insulin babuye amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela.
Izici zokukhishwa kwe-insulin
Gwema i-insulin eluhlobo 2 sikashukela uma kuwukuphela kwenkomba yokuncipha kwemali inyuswe i-glycated hemoglobin kushukela. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, udinga ukuphinda ucwaningo amahlandla amabili, uma ngabe ukwehla okungaphezulu kwe-1.5%, khona-ke ungala imijovo futhi uthathe amaphilisi.
Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuqeda imijovo ye-insulin ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela, lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela. Ukubuyela kumithamo yangaphambilini yamathebulethi ngethebhulethi kungenzeka kuphela ngokuncipha kancane kancane komthamo we-insulin.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuthatha umuthi obekiwe, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokunciphisa umthamo wawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulungisa indlela yokudla ukuze imikhiqizo ekuyo ingabangeli ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe koshukela egazini (ushukela nayo yonke imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe, izithelo ezimnandi, uju, imikhiqizo kafulawa, ukudla okunamafutha, ikakhulukazi inyama).
Udinga ukuphatha hhayi kuphela ukwakheka, kepha futhi nenani lokudla. Gcina irejimeni yokuphuza - okungenani amalitha ayi-1.5 ngosuku lwamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuso wezimoto uyimpoqo - ukuhamba, indawo yokuzivocavoca, ukubhukuda noma i-yoga yabanesifo sikashukela. Kuyadingeka ukuchitha okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto ngenkuthalo yokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo. Udinga futhi amakhono okuvivinya ukuphefumula nezindlela zokuphumula. Lokhu kusethwa kwezinyathelo kunciphisa isidingo se-insulin. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngendima ye-insulin yesifo sikashukela.
