Cishe i-6% yabantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba banesifo sikashukela, imvamisa uhlobo lwesibili. Kepha eqinisweni, inani leziguli liphezulu kakhulu, ngoba esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo siyasinda.
Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe i-asymptomatic course, lesi sifo sinomthelela ongemuhle emzimbeni wesifo sikashukela, esidonsa izinga lempilo futhi sinciphise isikhathi saso. Ngakho-ke, ukukhomba isifo sikashukela ekuqaleni, abantu abasengozini kudingeka bahlole igazi ngoshukela njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 noma unyaka owodwa.
Iziguli zingaphansi kokwanda okuhleliwe kwamazinga kashukela:
- ukuthatha i-glucocorticoids;
- ukuba nezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela;
- ube nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma kulabo abahlukumezeka ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa;
- ukukhuluphala;
- kokuba ne-thyrotooticosis (i-hormone ethe xaxa ekhiqizwa indlala yegilo).
Ushukela wegazi uwuphawu lwe-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Amanani angashintshashintsha ngenxa yethonya lezinto zokuphila noma ze-pathological.
Kungani ushukela wegazi uguquguquka?
Eqinisweni, leli noma lelo banga lokuhlushwa kweglucose libika ngokuthi ukuqunjelwa kwalo kanye nokufakwa kamuva kwamangqamuzana omzimba kuhamba kanjani. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhuphuka kwezinkomba zesikhashana akuhlali kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kunezici ezimbalwa zomzimba eziholela ku-hyperglycemia yesikhashana.
Ngakho-ke, amazinga kashukela angakhuphuka ngamahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate. Kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana, izinkomba zijwayelekile futhi, ngoba i-glucose ingena kumaseli futhi isetshenziswe kuzo.
Futhi, ukuhlushwa ushukela kuyathinteka ngesikhathi sosuku. Ngakho-ke, kokuqothulayo, iba ngaphezulu ngemuva kwesidlo sakusihlwa.
Enye into eholela ku-hyperglycemia ukucindezela. Ngempela, ngokweqile ngokomzwelo, kukhiqizwa i-adrenaline - ihomoni enomphumela owandisa ushukela.
Imidlalo ebukhali idinga amandla amaningi. Ngakho-ke, umzimba udinga i-glucose eyengeziwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-myocyte, okufaka isandla ekugxumeni okubukhali kushukela wegazi.
Izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia zibandakanya izifo ezahlukahlukene:
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 - kwenzeka lapho kunokungasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe, angakhiqizi i-insulin ngokugcwele. Le hormone inesibopho sokufaka i-glucose.
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 - kulokhu, inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ayiphazamiseki, kepha amaseli alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo wehomoni, nakho okungavumeli i-glucose ukuthi igxile ngokuphelele.
I-Hyperglycemia ibuye ivele ngokugcwala okukhulu kwe-glucocorticosteroids ne-adrenaline, ama-hormone akhulisa amazinga kashukela ngokwehlisa i-glycogen. Imvamisa, izimo ezinjengalezi ziba khona lapho kunezimbila ezisezinhlungwini ze-adrenal.
Kepha ukugxilisa ushukela akuyona into ephakeme ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ukusebenza kwakhe kuyehla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezifo zesisu, ukulamba, izinkinga zesibindi kanye nokuba khona kwesimila kumanyikwe.
Kodwa ukuze sikhombe ngokunembile izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia noma i-hypoglycemia, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kahle ukunikela ngegazi ushukela.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukulandela yonke imithetho kuphela kuyokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola umphumela onokwethenjelwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kweshukela: izici, izinhlobo, izindlela zokusampula kwegazi
Ngokuphathelene nokunikelwa kwegazi emazingeni kashukela, nansi indlela eholela ekutholakalweni kwesifo esiyingozi - isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine. Ungaqhuba isifundo ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer. Kepha ukuze imiphumela ilunge, idivaysi kufanele isetshenziswe kahle, ngoba iyazwela ekuvezweni i-oxygen isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthatha isivivinyo sikashukela okokuqala endaweni yaselebhu. Futhi isilinganiso esizimele singenziwa ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kepha uyisebenzisa kanjani i-glucometer?
Isampula yegazi elivela esigulini esebenzisa le divayisi yenziwa ngephethini ethile. Okokuqala, kugwazwa umunwe, bese kufakwa igazi kumucu wokuhlola, ofakwe kudivayisi. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, umphumela ukhonjiswa esikrinini.
I-glucometer iyithuluzi elinembayo uma ubheka ubuqotho nokugcinwa okufanele kwemichilo yokuhlola. Kepha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqala ushukela, kufanele ulungiselele ngokucophelela nangokufanele, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza ucwaningo elabhorethri.
Ngabe igazi likashukela livelaphi? Kwesinye isikhathi kuthathwa igazi le-venous ukuze lihlaziywe. Kepha kuleli cala, kuyabhekwa ukuthi izinkomba zingeqiwa ngenxa yobuningi be-biomaterial.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla, izindlela ezintathu zisetshenziselwa ukunquma amazinga kashukela:
- igazi elisheshayo;
- ukulinganiswa kwezinkomba usuku lonke;
- ukuhlolwa kokulayisha ushukela.
Njengezivivinyo ezingeziwe, kungenzeka kwenziwe uvivinyo lokukhuthazelela ushukela. Kwesinye isikhathi izinga le-hemoglobin eseglycated egazini linqunywa, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukushintshashintsha kokuhlushwa ushukela ezinsukwini ezingama-90 ezedlule.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo yehlukile. Ngempela, okuningi kuya ngezimo nezidingo zelabhoratri elithile.
Okunye okungabalulekanga kangako ukulungiswa kokuhlaziywa.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kocwaningo?
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela okusolwa kudinga ukulungiswa kwangaphambili. Uma udinga ukunikela ngegazi ngoshukela, yikuphi ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa okunomthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho? Isibonelo, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi ngosuku lwangezinqubo angeke ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wezengqondo noma uvalo kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminwe kufanele igezwe ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi le-capillary. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ucwaningo luphephe futhi kugweme ukuhlanekezela imiphumela.
Okokuqala, ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela ukuthi isiguli akufanele sidle ukudla amahora angama-8 kuya kwayi-12. Kepha kungenzeka yini ukuphuza amanzi ngalesi sikhathi? Uketshezi oluhlanzekile luvunyelwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, futhi iziphuzo ezinoshukela notshwala azivinjelwe.
Ababhemayo ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlaziywa kufanele balahle ugwayi, ongahlanekezela imiphumela. Akukhuthazwa futhi ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngokunameka okuqukethe ushukela.
Uma kufanele unikele ngegazi ushukela ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani abasubathi nabantu abasebenzayo ngokomzimba? Ngobusuku, kubalulekile impela ukulahla imithwalo emincane.
Labo abaphuza noma imuphi umuthi kufanele, uma kungenzeka, babenqabe isikhathi sesifundo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, lapho-ke kufanele wazise odokotela abavela elabhorethri ngezici zokubekezelela izidakamizwa, okuzobavumela ukuthi balungise imiphumela.
Ungawulungiselela kanjani umnikelo wegazi, othathwe ngemuva kokudla? Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa amahora 1-1,5 ngemuva kokudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu akufanele wenqabe ukuphuza amanzi, kepha kwenqatshelwe ukudla ama-juices, utshwala kanye noshukela.
Futhi, ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, kwenqatshelwe:
- ukwenza izinqubo zokwelapha nokuxilonga, ezinjenge-physiotherapy, i-massage, i-x-ray, i-ultrasound;
- bamba iqhaza emikhosini;
- udle uqine ngesikhathi sokudla;
- yidla ukudla okunamafutha nokudla okusheshayo.
Uma amasampula egazi ezokwenziwa ezinganeni, khona-ke ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izandla zabo zigezwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele unikeze ingane yakho ushokoledi neziphuzo.
Ngisho ujusi omnandi odakiwe ungenza impendulo ibe ngamanga.
Kusho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?
Ngesikhathi sokufunda esiswini esingenalutho, amanani ajwayelekile kumuntu omdala yi-3.88-6.38 mmol / l. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinamasampula egazi ngaphandle kokulamba, idatha ingahluka kusuka ku-2.78 kuya ku-4.44 mmol / L. Ezigulini ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, umphumela usukela ku-3.33 kuya ku-5.55 mmol / L.
Uma isimo sikashukela siphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu okuba nesifo sikashukela. Ezinye izimbangela zezifo ze-endocrine ezidala ukungasebenzi kahle kwamathambo, i-thyroid, i-pancreas kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal. I-Hyperglycemia ibuye iveze isithuthwane, ubuthi be-carbon monoxide nemithi ethile.
Ukwehlisa ukugxilwa koshukela kungabhekwa njengokujwayelekile lapho kungaphansi kuka-3.3 mmol / l ngesimo esijwayelekile esingagculisi. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga liphansi kunelezi zibalo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola okwengeziwe.
Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kweglucose kuyancipha ezimweni ezinjalo:
- ukweqa umuthi noma ukudla phambi kwesifo sikashukela;
- ukwehluleka ezinqubweni ze-metabolic;
- ubuthi (arsenic, chloroform, utshwala);
- ukukhuluphala
- ukuzila ukudla noma ukulandela ukudla okuqinile;
- ukuba khona kwezifo ezahlukahlukene (i-sarcoidosis, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, unhlangothi, ukulimala kwemithambo, njll.).
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokutshela ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukuhlola ushukela wegazi.
