I-diuretics (izidakamizwa ze-diuretic) zithinta ngqo umsebenzi wezinso, ifaka isandla ekukhuculweni komchamo okushesha emzimbeni. Indlela yokusebenza kwezimali ezinjalo isuselwe kumandla wokuvimbela ukumunwa okubuyiselwa emuva kwama-electrolyte ku-renal tubules. Ngokukhuphuka kwevolumu yama-electrolyte akhishwe, inani elithile luketshezi luyakhishwa.
I-diuretic yokuqala yavela emuva ngekhulu le-19, lapho kwaziwa mayelana nomuthi we-zebus, owawusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni i-syphilis. Kodwa-ke, ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo, umuthi we-zebaki awuzange uvele nganoma iyiphi indlela, kepha umphumela obonakalayo wokugomela emzimbeni womuntu utholakele.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukulungiswa kwe-zebus kwathathelwa indawo ngento engayingozi futhi inobuthi. Ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwe-diuretics kuholele ekutheni kuqhamuke izidakamizwa ezinamandla ze-diuretic.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa nge-diuretics, ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nokusekelayo kuhlukanisiwe. Ngokwesigaba sokulungiswa, ama-diuretics athathwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngokunakekelwa okusebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithamo elinganiselayo yabenzeli abanamandla kuyakhonjiswa.
Lapho kunikezwa ama-diuretics
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-diuretics kuphela awanawo umthelela ofanele kushukela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu anconywa ukuthi athathwe kanye ne-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors.
Okokuqala, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kubekelwa i-beta-blockers:
- ukukhetha nokungakhethi;
- lipophilic ne-hydrophilic;
- ngomsebenzi wozwela futhi ngaphandle kwawo.
Izindlela zaleli qembu zibalulekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, abanomlando wokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, esimweni esibi sangemva kokukhubazeka.
Esikhathini sikashukela, ama-diuretics avame ukunconywa ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-hypertension futhi aqede ukuvuvukala. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ukuthi akuyona yonke i-diuretic evunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa izinkinga nge-insulin, ngakho-ke ukuzelapha kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu empilweni.
Ukwehla kwesidingo se-oxygen yemisipha yenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-diuretics kuchazwa ngokukhululeka kwengcindezi evela kumaseli e-myocardial, ukulayisha ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, ukuphuculwa kwe-microcirculation ezinso, nokuncipha kokunamathela kweplatelet.
Iziguli eziningi ezinomfutho we-arterial hypertension zinikezwa i-thiazide diuretics isikhathi eside, kepha zibanga ukulahleka kwesodium okukhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye:
- amazinga akhuphukile we-triglycerides, cholesterol ne-glucose;
- kunemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zokuhlobisa umzimba ezinjalo.
Kodwa ucwaningo lwakamuva lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-diuretics kushukela kunikeza ukuguquguquka okungalungile komzimba kuphela lapho usebenzisa imithamo ephezulu.
Lapho uthatha i-thiazide diuretics, kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zisebenzise inani elanele lemifino nezithelo, ezisiza ukunxephezela ukulahleka kwe-sodium, potassium ne-magnesium. Udinga futhi ukukhumbula amathuba okuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya kwi-insulin ye-hormone. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukuhlangana koshukela wegazi, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukwandisa inani le-diuretic.
Nge-edema yeligi eluhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela, udokotela angayala i-Indapamide noma i-Arifon yayo etholwayo. Zombili lezi zidakamizwa azikwazi ukuthinta i-carbohydrate metabolism, ebaluleke kakhulu ezinkingeni nge-glucose. Okunye ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngalezi diuretics ukuthi umphumela ozuzisayo awuxhomekile ekuhlakazweni okwamukelekayo kwalo muthi, ngakho-ke ungathatha ithebhulethi elilodwa ngosuku.
Amanye ama-diuretics ajwayelekile kakhulu kuhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke ungathatha:
- ukulungiswa kwe-loop (okwenzelwe ukucindezela okusheshayo kwengcindezi);
- i-potassium-sparing ehlanganisiwe, i-thiazide ehlanganisiwe (ukuqinisekisa ukunciphisa okukhulu kokulahleka kwe-potassium).
Esikhathini sikashukela 2, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-diuretic kungaveza umphumela ongathandeki njengokuncipha kokuzwela kwe-insulin. Ukusabela okunjalo komzimba kungabonakala ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa isikhathi eside kwegazi lomfutho.
Ama-ejenti asele anikeza umphumela we-diuretic asetshenziswa kaningi, kuphela uma izimo ezithile zenzeka.
Ukubonakaliswa okungahambi kahle kwama-diuretics
Ama-diuretics esifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kwesinye isikhathi akhuphula inani le-uric acid egazini. Ngakho-ke, iziguli ezibuye zitholakale zinomdlavuza we-gouty zingabona ukuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle.
Izindlela zeqembu le-thiazide, ngokwesibonelo, amaphilisi i-Hypothiazide, iHydrochlorothiazide, angavusa ukusabela okungathandeki, okukhonjiswa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka, isifo sohudo, ukuqaqanjelwa yisicanucanu, umuzwa wokoma emgodini womlomo.
Ngokungalingani kwama-ion kwenzeka:
- kwehle i-libido emadodeni;
- arrhythmia;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ukuqubuka komzimba;
- izikhala emisipha yamathambo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-diuretic Furosemide kuzonciphisa ukuqoqwa kwe-magnesium, calcium, potassium, ukuchama njalo. Lesi simo, naso, siholela ekunciphiseni kwezindlebe, paresthesia.
Abaphikisi be-Aldosterone bazobangela ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukweqiswa, ukugabha, isifo sohudo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, i-gynecomastia. Kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela abanomthamo onganele, ukungahambisani nokuya esikhathini kanye ne-hirsutism kungabonakala.
Isidakamizwa Dibicor
I-Dibicor isidakamizwa esisha sokwenza ngcono umzimba kuma-tishu, futhi onomphumela we-diuretic. Ithebhulethi eyodwa iqukethe:
- i-taurine;
- i-microcrystalline cellulose;
- isitashi;
- izinto ezengeziwe.
Imiyalo esetshenzisiwe ikhombisa ukuthi, ngokusebenza isikhathi eside, onesifo sikashukela uphawula ukuthuthuka okukhulu esimweni sakhe esijwayelekile, ukugeleza kwegazi lakhe ezithweni ezibonakalayo kusheshe kujwayeleke.
I-Dibicor kumithamo emincane izosiza ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi eba khona ngenkathi kusetshenziswa ezinye izidakamizwa ukuvimba iziteshi ze-calcium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuncipha kokuzwela kwesibindi kuma-antifungal agents.
Kwabanesifo sikashukela, kunenye futhi indlela yokusebenzisa i-Dibicor - kwimithamo ephezulu, izinsuku eziyi-14, kunciphisa ukugcwala kweglucose egazini.
Kuyadingeka ukuthatha i-Dibicor ngomlomo ngenani elanele lamanzi afudumele ngaphandle kwegesi. Umthamo ngqo kuncike:
- uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela;
- ubulukhuni bayo.
Uma umuntu enomlando wesifo senhliziyo noma wehluleka kwenhliziyo, kunconywa ukuthatha u-250-500 mg wento esebenzayo ngosuku imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokudla. Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyinyanga eyi-1. Uma kunesidingo, umthamo uguqulwa. Kwesinye isikhathi isifo sikashukela siphathwa nge-Dibicor izinyanga eziyi-1.5.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, i-Dibicor ithathwa kumthamo ka-500 mg kabili ngosuku, iyakwazi ukukhipha uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni womzimba kuphela uma isetshenziswa ndawonye nabaphathelo be-hypoglycemic.
Lapho kwenzeka i-hypercholesterolemia elinganiselayo, kwanele ukuthatha umthamo owodwa kuphela womuthi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Ukubuyekezwa kweziguli eziningi kuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle yamathebulethi esivele evikini lesibili noma lesithathu lesifundo.
Imakethe yemithi inganikeza izifanekiselo eziningana ze-Dibikor, phakathi kwazo imikhiqizo yemithi. Intengo yama-analogues ingahluka ngokuya ngomkhiqizi, ukuqoqwa kwe-taurine, ezinye izinto.
Ama-analogues athandwa kakhulu omuthi:
- Mildrazine;
- Kapikor;
- Taufon;
- I-Mildronate I-Mildronate isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ama-analogues wemvelo alesi sidakamizwa se-diuretic kufanele aqaphele i-tincture yezimbali namaqabunga e-hawthorn.
I-Folk diuretics
Ngo-2 isifo sikashukela, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ama-diuretics kuphela, kepha nemithi yendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, kumele uxhumane nodokotela wakho njalo, lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi:
- setha umthamo ngqo;
- hlola umkhiqizo ukuze uhambisane nezidakamizwa ezibalulekile.
Imvamisa, odokotela batusa utshani ku-sushitsu, isetshenziswa ngendlela ye-decoction kathathu ngosuku ngamathisipuni ama-2. Kusebenza kakhulu ukuphuza i-decoction enjalo kanye nezindawo zokugeza ezivamile. Inqubo yenziwa kangcono ngaphambi kokulala.
Ukususa uketshezi olwedlulele emzimbeni kungatholwa ngokudla i-blackberryberry emnyama, okubuye kube yisidina. Izakhiwo ezifanayo zihlukile empandeni ye-blackberry. Amashidi we-Blueberry anomphumela we-diuretic ne-tonic, i-ejenti ingasetjenziswa ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile zonke izinqubo ezithweni zesifo sikashukela.
Lungisa ukusebenza, ube nomphumela we-diuretic can rhizome kanye namaqabunga e-chicory. I-Ginseng izimpande isiza ukwandisa ubungako besifo sikashukela futhi yehlise uhlelo lwezinzwa. Leli thuluzi libhekwa njengelisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu kushukela wanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Amakhambi ahlongozwayo esifo sikashukela ayahlolwa isikhathi, eziningi zezakhi zawo zibonwa ngomuthi osemthethweni futhi asetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic syndrome. Kulula kakhulu ukuthi amakhambi kanye nama-decoctions avunyelwe ukuthathwa kanye ne-antidiabetesic kanye nezinye izidakamizwa. Mayelana nalokhu futhi nezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ushukela - kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
