Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela liyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-7 abantu emhlabeni jikelele aba nalesi sifo, futhi, ezweni lethu kuphela, okungenani abantu abathathu abanesifo sikashukela babhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Iziguli eziningi azisoli ngisho nokuthi zitholakele iminyaka eminingi.
Uma kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu alondoloze impilo yakhe, ucabanga ngekusasa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ushukela uvelaphi. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukwephulwa emzimbeni ngokushesha, ukuvikela ukwanda kwezimpawu nezifo eziyingozi.
Isifo sikashukela yisifo se-endocrine, kwenzeka lapho i-insulin ye-hormone ingasebenzi, ekhiqizwa iziqhingi zeLangerhans kumanyikwe. Uma ukushoda kwe-insulin kuphelele, i-hormone ayikhiqizwa, sikhuluma ngesifo sohlobo lokuqala, lapho ukuzwela kwe-hormone kuthintekile, futhi isifo sikashukela sitholakala ngohlobo lwesibili.
Kunoma yikuphi, ushukela omningi ujikeleza egazini kumuntu, uqala ukubonakala kumchamo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle kuphumela ekwakhekeni kwezakhi ezinobuthi eziyingozi empilweni ebizwa ngokuthi yimizimba ye-ketone. Le nqubo ye-pathological:
- kuthinta kabi isimo sesiguli;
- kungadala ukukhohlisa, ukufa.
Impendulo ngqo yombuzo ophuthumayo wokuthi kungani isifo sikashukela senzeka nje ayitholakali okwamanje. Izizathu zingahle zibangelwe yisakhi sofuzo noma indlela yokuphila, futhi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu koshukela sekuyinto yesibili.
Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela soHlobo 1
Le ndlela yalesi sifo iqala ngokushesha, imvamisa iba yinkinga yokutheleleka okuthe xaxa kwegciwane, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ebusheni nasebasha. Odokotela bathole ukuthi kunamathuba okuthola ifa lesifo sikashukela 1.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubizwa nangobusha, leli gama libonisa ngokuphelele uhlobo lokwakheka kwe-pathology. Izimpawu zokuqala zivela eminyakeni eyi-0 kuye kweyi-19.
I-pancreas iyisitho esisengozini enkulu, esinazo noma yiziphi izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwayo, isimila, inqubo yokuvuvukala, usizi noma ukulimala, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuphazamiseka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, okuzoholela kwisifo sikashukela.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lubizwa nangokuthi yi-insulin-ngamanye amazwi, kudinga ukuphathwa okuphoqelekile okuphathelene nemithamo ethile ye-insulin. Isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuthi silinganisele phakathi kokukhithika nsuku zonke uma:
- ukugcwala koshukela egazini lakhe kuphezulu kakhulu;
- kungaba ukuncipha ngokushesha.
Noma yiziphi zalezi zimo zibeka usongo empilweni, akufanele zivunyelwe.
Ngokuxilongwa okunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi udinga ukubhekisisa isimo sakho njalo, kufanele ungakhohlwa mayelana nokubambelela ngokuqinile ekudleni okunqunywe ngudokotela, ukufaka imijovo ye-insulin njalo, nokubheka ushukela wegazi nomchamo.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sikashukela sabantu abakhuluphele kakhulu, isizathu ukuthi i-pathology preconditions ilele endleleni yomuntu yokuphila, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamafutha, ukudla okunama-khalori aphezulu, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Uma umuntu eba nokukhuluphala kwe-degree yokuqala, ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela inyuka ngokushesha ngamaphuzu ayi-10, ukukhuluphala esiswini kuyingozi ikakhulukazi lapho amafutha eqongelela isisu.
Emithonjeni yezokwelapha, ungathola elinye igama elehlukile lale ndlela yesifo sikashukela - ushukela osekhulile. Njengoba iminyaka yobudala yomzimba, amangqamuzana eba buthaka kakhulu ku-insulin, okuba ukuqala kwenqubo ye-pathological. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kungaqedwa kuhlinzekwe:
- ukulandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi;
- ukufaniswa kwezinkomba zesisindo.
Enye imbangela yalesi sifo ukuqunjelwa kwefa, kodwa kulokhu, imikhuba yokudla yabazali iyathinteka. Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi izingane eziningi ngokwedlule zisanda kuhlushwa uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela kunasekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, abazali kufanele bavikele isifo sikashukela ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi uma isihlobo esiseduze sinenkinga efanayo, izingane akufanele zondliwe, ingane kufanele ibe nomqondo oyisisekelo wokudla okunempilo.
I-insulin ye-hormone yesifo sohlobo lwesibili imvamisa ayinqunyelwe, kuleli cala kuphela kuboniswa ukudla, izidakamizwa ezilwa noshukela wegazi ophezulu.
Izici zobungozi zokuba yisifo sikashukela ziyadingeka ukukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ezinjalo zangaphakathi zohlelo lwe-endocrine:
- indlala yesikhumba;
- izindlala ze-adrenal;
- indlala yegilo.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi izimpawu zesifo zibonakale kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, uma belashwa ngokwanele, inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokushesha.
Lapho umzimba womuntu uzizwa uswele i-protein, i-zinc, ama-amino acid, kepha ugcwele i-iron, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nakho kuyaphazamiseka.
Igazi elinensimbi eyeqile lingena kumaseli we-pancreas, aligcwalise, okuncipha ukwehla kokugcinwa kwe-insulin.
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela, izinkinga
Izimpawu zesifo zingahlukahluka, ngokuya ngobunzima benqubo ye-pathological, noma kunjalo, inqwaba yeziguli yaphawula:
- umlomo owomile
- ukoma ngokweqile;
- ukunganaki, ukubekezela, ukozela;
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba;
- iphunga le-acetone elisuka emgodini womlomo;
- ukuchama njalo
- amanxeba amade okupholisa, ukusikeka, imihuzuko.
Nge-sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, isisindo somzimba sesiguli siyakhuphuka, kepha ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, isibonakaliso salesi sifo ukwehla kwesisindo.
Ngokulashwa okungafanele, ukungabi bikho kwayo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uzosheshe abhekane nezinkinga ezinzima zesifo, kungaba ukuhlulwa: imikhumbi emincane nemikhulu (angiopathy), retina (retinopathy).
Ezinye izifo ezihambisana nakho kuzoba umsebenzi wokuphazamiseka wezinso, i-vasher atherosulinosis, i-pustular, izilonda zokukhuphuka kwamazipho, izinombolo zesikhumba kungavela, ukuncipha kokuzwela kwamandla okuvela phezulu nangaphansi, nokuqina.
Futhi, ukuthuthukiswa konyawo lwesifo sikashukela akubandakanywa.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo sikashukela, ushintsho ezinxenyeni zomchamo wegazi nomchamo wegazi zimpawu. Qinisekisa ukutholwa okusolwayo kuyasiza:
- cwaninga ngezinga le-glucose egazini, umchamo;
- emizimbeni ye-ketone emchameni;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kwakusetshenziswa kabanzi ngaphambili, kepha muva nje sekushintshwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphindaphindwayo ngemuva kokudla kwe-carbohydrate.
Kunezimo lapho udokotela asola khona isifo sikashukela esigulini, kepha izivivinyo zivamile, lapho-ke ukuhlolwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kuzoba okubalulekile ekuxilongeni. Angacacisa ukuthi ngabe ushukela we-glucose ukhuphuke ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule.
Ngeshwa, ezinye izivivinyo kungenzeka zingathathwa kuwo wonke ama-laboratories; izindleko zazo azitholakali njalo.
Kwenzekani ketoacidosis
I-Ketoacidosis iyona nto eyingozi kakhulu yesifo sikashukela. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umzimba womuntu ungathola amandla ku-glucose, kepha okokuqala kufanele kungene kumaseli, futhi lokhu kudinga i-insulin. Ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela, kuba yindlala enamandla yamaseli, umzimba uvuselela inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingadingekile, kanye namafutha ikakhulukazi. Lezi lipids kuthiwa unoxidized, kuboniswa acetone emchameni, ketoacidosis eba.
Isifo sikashukela asishiyi umuzwa wokoma, siyabuna emgodini womlomo, kuba nokuxhuma okucijile ngesisindo, noma ngemuva kokuphumula isikhathi eside akukho ukuqina kwamandla, ukunganaki kanye ne-lethargy akudluli. Imizimba ye-ketone ethe xaxa egazini, isimo iba sibi kakhulu, nokuqina kwephunga le-acetone emlonyeni.
Nge-ketoacidosis, isiguli singawela ekhefini, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esilandelanayo samazinga kashukela, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-acetone kumchamo. Lokhu kungenziwa nje ekhaya ngosizo lwemichilo ekhethekile, kuthengiswa emakhemisi. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhombisa ngombala ukuthi sikhula kanjani isifo sikashukela.
