Kungani kuvela isifo sikashukela, futhi kungenzeka ukuvimbela lesi sifo, iziguli zinesithakazelo kuzo? Ukushoda okungapheli kwe-insulin ye-hormone emzimbeni wesiguli kuholela ekukhuleni kwesifo "esimnandi".
Lokhu kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi i-hormone ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas ithatha ingxenye esebenzayo ezinqubweni ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu. Kulokhu, ukuntuleka kwale hormone kuholela ekutheni ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zomuntu kuphazamiseke.
Ngaphandle kokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha, uhlobo 1 no-2 sikashukela aselapheki ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abasakwazi ukuphendula ngokucacile nangokucacile lo mbuzo, yini ebangela isifo sikashukela?
Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuthuthuka kwayo kanye nezinto ezingezinhle eziholela kulokhu kufundwa kwengqondo sekufundwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubheka ukuthi ushukela ukhula kanjani, futhi yiziphi izinto eziholela kulokhu?
Futhi uthole ukuthi kungani isifo sikashukela singokwama-ENT pathologies, futhi iziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwayo? Ngabe ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, futhi iluphi ubudala evame ukutholwa kakhulu?
Ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela
Umphumela we-hormone ku-carbohydrate metabolism ubonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi ushukela omningi unikezwa ezingeni lamaselula emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho ezinye izindlela zokukhiqizwa ushukela zenziwa zisebenze, ushukela uvame ukuqwabelana esibindini, ngoba kukhiqizwa i- glycogen (elinye igama liyindawo eyakha i-carbohydrate).
Yileli hormone elisiza ukuvimba izinqubo ze-carbohydrate metabolism. Lapho kwenziwa inqubo yokudla okwenziwa ngamaprotheni, i-hormone insulin ifaka umfutho ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zamaprotheni kanye nama-asidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvumeli izakhi zamaprotheni ezibhekele ukwakhiwa kwemisipha zihlukane ngokuphelele.
Le hormone isiza glucose ukungena kumaseli, ngenxa yalokho inqubo yokuthola amandla ngamangqamuzana ilawulwa, futhi ngokumelene nalokhu ukuqhekeka kwamafutha kuncipha.
Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela futhi sikhula kanjani isifo sikashukela? Lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukuthikamezeka kwamaseli kuya ku-hormone kuyalimala, noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ngamanyikwe akwanele.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, izinqubo ze-autoimmune zenzeka kumanyikwe, ngenxa yalokho, konke lokhu kuholela ekutheni izithixo ezisezitho zangaphakathi ziphulwe, eziphendula ekuhlanganiseni kwe-hormone emzimbeni womuntu.
Kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesibili lwesifo? Isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho umphumela we-hormone kumaseli uphazamiseka. Futhi le nqubo ingamelelwa njenge-chain elandelayo:
- I-insulin ikhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu ngenani elifanayo, kepha amangqamuzana omzimba alahlekelwe umuzwa wawo wangaphambilini.
- Njengomphumela wale nqubo, isimo sokumelana ne-insulin siyabonakala lapho ushukela ungangeni esitokisini, ngenxa yalokho, uhlala usegazini labantu.
- Umzimba womuntu wenza ezinye izindlela zokuguqula ushukela ube amandla, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuqongeleleni i-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Noma kunjalo, enye indlela yokukhiqiza amandla ayisanele. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, izinqubo zamaprotheni ziyaphazamiseka kubantu, ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni kuyasheshiswa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni kuncishiswa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli sibonisa izimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka, ukunganaki, ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yezinhliziyo, izinkinga ngamathambo namalunga.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Ngaphambi kokuthi uthole ukuthi yini ebangela isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi, izici ezizwakalayo nezimo ezisongela phambili, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona i-pathology, futhi yisiphi isibonakaliso sokuqala?
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezifo zibonakaliswa isithombe esifanayo sasemtholampilo. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela zingavela ngenxa yokuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu emzimbeni wesiguli. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, ngokugcwala ushukela egazini, kuqala ukungena kumchamo.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, isimo sesiguli siya ngokuba sibi, futhi okuqukethwe ushukela kumchamo kumane kwenqatshelwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinso zithola uketshezi olwengeziwe ukunciphisa lokhu kuhlangana.
Kulokhu, isibonakaliso sokuqala esenzeka ngesifo sikashukela uwukuphuma komchamo ngosuku. Umphumela walesi sibonakaliso ungomunye futhi - isidingo esandayo somzimba womuntu soketshezi, okungukuthi, abantu bathola umuzwa oqhubekayo wokoma.
Ngenxa yokuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela ulahlekelwa inani elithile lama-kilojoule kumchamo, kuyabonakala ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba. Kulesi simo kulandela uphawu lwesithathu, oluvelele njengomuzwa ongapheli wendlala.
Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi ngesifo sikashukela kunezimpawu eziphambili ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuchama kaningi.
- Umuzwa ohlala womile.
- Ukulamba njalo.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwesifo lungabonakala ngezimpawu nezimpawu zalo ezithile.
Umuntu onenkinga yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 uzofunda ngokushesha ngokugula kwakhe, ngoba izimpawu zakheka ngokushesha ngokwanele. Isibonelo, i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela ingakhula esikhathini esifushane.
I-ketoacidosis yisimo okuvela ukuthi imikhiqizo yokubola iqoqana emzimbeni wesiguli, i-acetone, ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuholela kulimaza ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, nalo okungaholela ekwehleni.
Izimpawu eziphambili ze-ketoacidosis zimelelwa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Umuzwa ohlala womile.
- Umlomo owomile, ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- I-odorone ye-acetone evela emgodleni womlomo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singaba nezimpawu ezincane noma ezingenazimpawu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emisebenzini yezokwelapha kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimweni eziningi emazingeni okuqala esifo kunamazinga aphansi kashukela emzimbeni wesiguli.
Izici zezwe
Kungani isifo sikashukela futhi sivelaphi? Ochwepheshe abagxile ku-etiology yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo, namanje abakwazi ukuza ekuvumelaneni, futhi basho ngokusobala kulokho ukubukeka kwesifo sikashukela kusekwe.
Noma kunjalo, kwatholakala ukuthi ezimweni eziningi indima ebalulekile idlalwa yisakhi sofuzo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-pathology. Okwamanje, kungenzeka ukukhomba ngokusobala izici eziba "umfutho" ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo kubantu.
Owokuqala ukhuluphele. Ngenxa yamaphawundi angeziwe, ukugula kweshukela kungavela. Ukudla okungenamsoco, ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, ukudla okunamafutha kanye okuthosiwe kuholela ekutheni umzimba womuntu ugcwale kakhulu, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka, ngenxa yalokho, amaseli alahlekelwa ukuzwela kwawo kwangaphambilini nge-insulin.
Amathuba okuthuthuka akhuphuka kaningana uma emndenini wezihlobo eziseduzane lesi sifo sivele satholakala.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluphala kunoma yisiphi isigaba kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesifo sikashukela esigulini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe izihlobo eziseduze azinayo le nkolo yomlando.
Kungani kuvela isifo sikashukela? Ukugula okukhulayo kungasuselwa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Isakhi sofuzo.
- Izimo ezicindezela njalo.
- Izinguquko ze-atherossteotic emzimbeni.
- Imithi
- Ukuba khona kwama-pathologies angamahlalakhona.
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Umlutha wotshwala.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Umzimba womuntu uyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke eyaziwa ngendalo. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwezinqubo, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal nezinye, kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ezinye izifo ezihlangene zenzeka.
Uma isiguli sine-atherosclerosis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo isikhathi eside, lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kokuqunjelwa kokutholakala kwezicubu zamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin, ngenxa yalokho, isifo sikashukela singenzeka.
Kunemithi eminingana engathinta ngokungaqondile ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Kuyavela ukuthi isiguli siphuza amaphilisi ukwelapha isifo esisodwa, kepha imiphumela yaso emibi ivusa ukwephulwa kwe-insulin susceptibility, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-pathology.
Utshwala bungasheshisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, ngoba utshwala buyasiza ekuqothuleni amaseli we-beta wamanyikwe, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
Izingxoxo mayelana nesifo sikashukela bezilokhu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bathwala kanzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lesi sifo sivela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma uqonda indlela yokuvela kwayo kunoma yimuphi wabantu, lapho-ke ungathola inketho enhle kakhulu yokwelashwa okuphelele.
Umkhuhlane, inkukhu kanye nokunye ukugula kungaholela ekutheni umuntu abe nesifo sikashukela. Zonke lezi zi-pathologies ziholela ekuphazamiseni ukusebenza kohlelo, olubhekele ukwenziwa kwama-antibodies.
Ebuningini bezithombe, kusebenze ukutheleleka kuncike kakhulu kusandiso sofuzo. Kungakho kunconyelwa ukuthi abazali banake ngokukhethekile izingane ezinelifa elibi.
Uma umuntu egula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye enomzimba ophilile, khona-ke ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuqala ukuhlaselwa amasosha omzimba. Lapho leli gciwane likwazi ukunqoba, imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba iphinde ibuyele esimweni esizolile.
Kodwa-ke, noma ngubani onqunyelwe isifo sikashukela, uchungechunge olunjalo lungahluleka:
- Amasosha omzimba asetshenziswa ukuhlasela ama-ejenti angaphandle.
- Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwaleli gciwane, amasosha omzimba asasebenza kwimodi esebenzayo.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ama-ejenti angaphandle ahluliwe, uqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omzimba wakhe.
Noma ngubani onesifo sofuzo, amasosha omzimba aqala ukuhlasela amaseli we-pancreas, anesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-hormone emzimbeni womuntu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyama, bese isiguli siba nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Njengoba amangqamuzana e-insulin engeke abhujiswe ngaso leso sikhathi, inani le-hormone lehla kancane kancane. Kulokhu, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ephumela obala ingaziphatha "buthule" ngaphandle kobufakazi uqobo bayo, obuhambisana nemiphumela emibi nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Izakhi zofuzo
Ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kuya ngefa lomuntu. Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni oluningi, singasho ukuthi uma omunye wabazali enomlando wesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ukuthi amathuba okukhula kwengane aku-30%.
Lapho bethola ukugula okunoshukela kubo bobabili abazali, amathuba okukhulisa i-pathology ezinganeni zabo akhuphuka aze afike ku-60%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela sitholakala enganeni isencane kakhulu - ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni.
Ezenzweni zokwelapha, kunobudlelwano obucacile phakathi kokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela nokugula okuzuzwa njengefa: uma iminyaka embalwa ingane etholwa igulela ukugula, kuphakama amathuba okuthi izoba nezingane zayo ezingakazalwa.
Indima yokuqagela izakhi zofuzo ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela ibaluleke impela. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma kukhona lokhu kugula emlandweni womndeni, khona-ke nakanjani kuzokhula phakathi kwamanye amalungu omndeni.
Kanye nalokhu, kubalulekile ukungcwelisa imininingwane enjalo:
- Akuyona i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esidluliselwa ngefa, kepha isakhi sofuzo esiqondene ngqo nalesi sifo, lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba umbuzo uwukuthi ngabe isifo sikashukela sitholwa njengento esidumile kakhulu.
- Ngamanye amagama, uma kunezici ezingezinhle ezikhishwe, i-pathology mayingazivezi.
Kulokhu, onomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela, kunconyelwa ukuthi kubhekwe ngokukhethekile indlela yabo yokuphila, izindlela zokuthibela nezinye izinto ezizosiza ukuqeda umthelela wezinto ezingezinhle ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo.
Ngefa eliyinzalo yohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology, ukuze kusebenze lesi sifo, udinga igciwane elithile elizophazamisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe. Emithini, kunezimo lapho ngamawele, izingane zombili "zaba ngumnikazi wesifo esiyifa."
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, isithombe singaphambuka kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokushesha zombili lezi zingane zitholakale zinesifo sikashukela, noma ingane eyodwa kuphela ebikade ikhuluphele noma enezinye izinto ezingezinhle izoba nesifo sikashukela.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi udinga ukuqaphela impilo yakho. Njengoba uhlobo olusetshenziselwa ukuqagela lesi sifo lungadluliswa hhayi kuphela lusuka kumama / kubazali luye enganeni, kodwa futhi lusuka nogogo nomkhulu luye kumzukulu.
Umndeni kungenzeka ungabi nesifo sikashukela, nokho, ogogo nomkhulu babephethe uhlobo olunjalo, ngenxa yokuthi umzukulu / umzukulu angaba nesifo.
Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ingaba ngama-5% kuphela.
Ezinye izizathu
Isifo sikashukela singenzeka ngenxa yengcindezi eziyizici ezibikezela ukwanda kwalesi sifo. Lapho umlando wesiguli ugcotshwa isimo sofuzo, futhi isisindo somzimba sidlula amanani ajwayelekile, isimo esicindezelayo singaba yisishoshovu sohlobo “loshukela” esivukayo.
Esimweni lapho kungekho nkinga khona ngefa, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kungahluka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sesimo sezinzwa kumuntu, kukhiqizwa izinto ezithile emzimbeni ezinganciphisa ukuthikamezeka kwamangqamuzana kuyi-hormone.
Futhi uma ukucindezela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo, umuntu akakwazi ukuthatha yonke into ngokuzola, bese kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqedwa kwesikhashana kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuyi-hormone kuba yinto yaphakade, ngenxa yalokho kuvela isifo esimnandi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
- Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi indima eyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sokudla komzimba idlalwa ngokudla okungafanele, kanye nokuqagelwa kofuzo komama abakhulelwe.
- Njengomthetho, ngobuningi bamacala, ukudla okunempilo kusiza ukuguqula izinga le-glucose lifinyelele ezingeni elidingekayo.
- Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphambuka okunjalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yi-harbinger yokuqala yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Omama abaningi abakhulelwe bakholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ungadla noma yini oyifunayo, nangesilinganiso esikhulu. Kungakho zidonsa ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esimnandi, esinamafutha, esinosawoti, nesiqholo.
Ukudla ngokweqile, umthwalo osindayo emzimbeni uholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa ushukela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ushukela ophumela ngokweqile awuthinti kuphela owesifazane, kodwa futhi nentuthuko yengane ye-intrauterine.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi azikho izizathu ezizwakalayo zokuthuthuka kwe-pathology. Noma kunjalo, ukwazi ngezici ezingezinhle ezisengcupheni, kuyadingeka ukuzikhipha. Ukondleka okufanele, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokujwayelekile nokuhambela udokotela njalo kuzonciphisa ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izoqhubeka nesihloko sikashukela nezimbangela zayo.
