Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sibizwa ngokuthi ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin. Amaseli we-pancreatic angakhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, kepha amaseli okuqondiswe kuwo izicubu awaphenduli kuwo. Amanani kashukela egazi ayakhuphuka.
Isifo esitholakala kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela ngabantu abakhuluphele, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40, abanesifiso sokuthola ifa.
Izimpawu zokuqala lapho kusolwa ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili ukoma okungapheli, ukuvama ukuchama kaningi, ukulamba, ukulunywa isikhumba nokugqabha esikhunjeni, njengakwizidakamizwa noma i-urticaria. Ukukhathala okungapheli kanye nombono ophathekayo kuvame ukujoyina lokhu. Iziguli zingaphazanyiswa i-arrhythmias, ukwethuka, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esingesihle.
Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuyingozi kakhulu ezimpilweni zeziguli yizinkinga zohlobo 2 sikashukela. Ngokuya ngejubane lentuthuko, ahlukaniswe ama-acute (noma asheshe) nezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona zesifo sikashukela.
Izinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela
I-Lactic acidosis yenzeka njengengxaki yesifo sikashukela ezigulini ezinezifo ezihlobene nesibindi, izinso nenhliziyo. Kakhulu kuthinta abantu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50. Izimpawu zanda ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukucindezela kwehla, ukuqina kwemisipha nobuhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum kwenzeka, futhi inani lomchamo liyancipha. Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu kuyavela. Isiguli siphelelwa ukwazi. Kungaboshwa inhliziyo noma ukuphefumula. Imijovo ye-insulin kuphela kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela kungasiza kuleli cala.
Izinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zihlanganisa:
- I-ketoacidosis.
- I-Hypoglycemia
- I-Hyperglycemia
- I-Lactic acidosis
I-ketoacidosis yenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokudla noma ukukhetha okungafanele ukwelashwa, ngemuva kokulimala, ukusebenza. Ama-ketones, imikhiqizo yokuqhekeka kwamafutha, aqala ukuqongelela egazini. Banomphumela olimazayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ukwaziwa kukhubazeka futhi isiguli siwela ekhefini. Kulokhu, iphunga elimnandi eliphuma emlonyeni wesiguli linobuntu.
I-Hypoglycemia (ushukela ophansi) kwenzeka uma isilinganiso somuthi sidlulwa ushukela ophansi, ama-carbohydrate anganele avela ekudleni, ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba, ukucindezela okukhulu, nokuphuza ngokweqile.
Ekuqaleni, umuntu ulahlekelwa ukujwayeza esikhaleni, abe ongavinjelwe. Bese kuthi ukujuluka kuqhume, umjuluko obandayo. Lokhu kufakwa esikhundleni se-motor ebukhali nenjabulo yokwethuka futhi isiguli siwela ekhefini.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokuqala i-hypoglycemia, isiguli sidinga ukunikezwa noma yiluphi uketshezi olumnandi, uju kanye noswidi. Noma yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate kuzokwenza.
I-Hyperglycemia ihlotshaniswa nokwanda koshukela wegazi. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokudla, ukweqa umuthi, umkhuhlane onezifo ezivuthayo, ukuntuleka komzimba ojwayelekile, umsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi.
Kubonakaliswa ngokungafanele, ukudideka, kunephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isiguli kudingeka sinikeze amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba udokotela afike.
Izinkinga ezingamahlalakhona zesifo sikashukela
I-Polyneuropathy iyinkimbinkimbi evame kakhulu yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukuvezwa kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo emithanjeni yezinzwa yesistimu ye-peripheral and autonomic neva. Izimpawu zinqunywa yisayithi lesion.
Esikhathini esiningi kuba khona izinhlungu nokushiswa emilenzeni, imvamisa ebusuku, umuzwa wokubanda noma wokushisa, umuzwa wokuhamba ngezikhwepha okuqubukayo. Konke ukuthinta imilenze kubuhlungu. Ukusikeka nama-microtraumas esikhunjeni akapholi isikhathi eside.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa ushukela ophezulu wegazi futhi kungekho zindlela zokuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukuba unqumle ekunqunyweni konyawo. Ukwelashwa kokuqapha kuqukethe ukuqashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-antibacterial, analgesic. Okunye okukhonjisiwe izidakamizwa zokubuyisa ukuhamba kwegazi kanye nokubekeka endaweni.
Indlela ethembisayo yokwelashwa nokuvimbela ukwelashwa kwe-shock wave. Ukwanda kwesici kanye nama-regemens ekwelashwa kwamangqamuzana kuyaziswa.
Uma imicu yezinzwa ehambisana nezitho zokugaya ilimele, isicanucanu, ukusinda esiswini, ukuthopha, isisu, noma ukuqunjelwa kungaphazamisa. Lokhu kuholela ekuphazanyisweni kokuhamba kokudla eceleni kwendlela yesisu.
Nge-neuropathy yesistimu ye-genitourinary, ukungasebenzi kwemizwa kwenzeka emadodeni, kunciphise injabulo kanye ne-anorgasmia kwabesifazane, ukuchama okungahambi kahle, ukungasebenzi komchamo kanye ne-cystitis.
Izinkinga ezifika esikhathini eside zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zihambisana nokukhula koshintsho emikhunjini ekhipha izitho zomzimba. Ngokuya endaweni yesilonda, lokhu okulandelayo kungenzeka:
- I-Polyneuropathy.
- I-Microangiopathy yemikhumbi yemilenze (unyawo lwesifo sikashukela).
- I-Nephropathy
- I-retinopathy
- I-Arthropathy
- Encephalopathy
Ngokuphulwa kokuphawulwa kwenhliziyo, kuba nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuvela kobuhlungu enhliziyweni, isiyezi nezimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukwazi, kuba khona i-angina. I-infyoction ye-Myocardial ingumphumela ovela njalo we-focal neuropathy.
Kuyadingeka ukwelapha i-polyneuropathy ngokuqinisa ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Ukwelashwa okubonakalayo kuncike kwizitho ezithinteka kakhulu. Nge-neuropathy yeligi ephansi, imijovo yamavithamini B, ama-painkillers, kanye ne-alpha - lipoic acid amalungiselelo anqunyelwe.
Ukwelashwa kwezinqubo zokugaya, zenhliziyo kanye nokwenziwa kwezitho zofuzo kungokwendabuko kulezi zifo.
I-Microangiopathy yamaphethelo aphansi ngokwakhiwa konyawo okuthiwa yi-diabetesic kungenye yezinkinga ezivamile zesifo sikashukela. Ukungafani koshukela egazini kubhubhisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ukuntuleka kwegazi, ukulimala kwemicu yezinzwa nokuphazamiseka kwemetaboliki kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwela kwezicubu zemikhawulo ephansi.
Ukuncipha kokuzwela kokushisa, izinhlungu, ukulimala kwemishini kuholela emanxebeni nasezilondeni ezinyaweni. Babonakala ngenkambo ende, enenkani, ephulukisa kabi. Izinyawo zikhubazekile, isikhumba simboze, kume ama-callus. Kulokhu, i-pulsation emlenzeni inqunywe.
Ukwehluka kwesibili kwenkambo yalesi sigaxa sonyawo kungabanda futhi kube nemilenze emibalabala, kuvuvukala ngokubonakala kwezilonda ezinemiphetho engalingani. Kulokhu, i-ripple icishe izwakale. Kukhona futhi indlela exubile yokuthuthukiswa konyawo lwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga ze-microangiopathy kuqukethe ukubuka izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Awukwazi ukuthatha amabhati ashisayo, sebenzisa amapads wokushisa.
- Izinyawo kufanele zivikelwe ekusikelweni nasekushisweni.
- Yenza izivivinyo zezinyawo.
- Awukwazi ukuhamba ungafake zicathulo, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwasekhaya.
- Lapho kuvela izimpawu zezifo zokukhunta, phatha ukwelashwa kwabo okuphelele.
- Yenza i-pedicure okungenani kabili ngenyanga.
- Phatha ummbila ngepumice.
- Gqoka izicathulo ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo, mhlawumbe ngama-insoles we-orthopedic.
- Ukufakwa ngaphansi kwemilenze akufanele kuvunyelwe.
I-Nephropathy yohlobo 2 sikashukela ihlotshaniswa nokufakwa esikhundleni kwezicubu ezithintekayo ze-glomeruli yezinso. Ngalesi sifo, ukubonakaliswa kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-renal kuhamba kancane, futhi kutholakala kuphela uma kuvela amaprotheni kumchamo, obonisa izinguquko ezingenakuphikiswa izicubu zezinso.
Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni egazini kuyancipha, iziguli zehla emzimbeni. Umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka, ukwehluleka kwezinso kukhula, kudinga i-hemodialysis.
Ukwelashwa kwe-nephropathy kwenziwa ngezidakamizwa ezisehlisa umfutho wegazi, ama-diuretics nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Ekudleni, kunconywa ukunciphisa umkhawulo kasawoti kanye neproteyini ebilisiwe.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela yisilonda esibuhlungu se-retina. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuqina kwemisipha, kukhona i-edema ye-retinal kanye nokubekwa kwama-fat complexes kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka, ukugxila kwe-necrosis ne-hemorrhage. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusondeza i-retinal kwenzeka ngokulahleka ngokuphelele kombono.
Izimpawu zokuqala ukubukeka kwezimpukane namabala phambi kwamehlo, ubunzima bokusebenza ebangeni eliseduze nasekufundeni.
Ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-prognosis iyathandeka. Ngaphezu kokujwayeza amazinga kashukela, ama-enzyme, ama-antioxidants, nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukuvunyelwa kwemizwa nazo ziyelashwa.
Imikhumbi yokuphelisa igazi ishiswa nge-laser.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkambo ende yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, i-arthropathy yesifo sikashukela ingakhula. Ngalesi sifo, amalunga amakhulu ayathinteka. Kunobuhlungu, ukulinganiselwa kokuhamba. Ngaphakathi kwesihlanganisi, kukhona uketshezi oluncane kakhulu, ukugeleza kwalo kuyakhuphuka, futhi no- “crunch” emalungeni uyezwakala lapho unyakaza.
I-encephalopathy yesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngesimo se-lesion yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi. Ingakhula njengomphumela wokuhlaselwa yisifo sobuchopho, okuyingqayizivele yesifo sikashukela. Iziveza buthakathaka obujwayelekile, ikhanda, isiyezi nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Inkumbulo ephazamisekile, ukucabanga, ukulala.
Ukuqina kwemizwelo, izinyembezi, ukudangala kukhula. Ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinje kumele kwenziwe ngudokotela wezengqondo futhi, uma kunesidingo, udokotela wezifo zengqondo.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ukugcina izinga lakho likashukela (umuntu ngamunye). Gada i-hemoglobin ye-glycated kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Le nkomba ikhombisa inani eliphakathi le-glucose yegazi ezinyangeni ezi-3.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uvivinyelwe udokotela wezifo zamehlo kanye ngonyaka.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo kwansuku zonke kwe-protein kanye nezinso kufanele kuthathwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi, inkambo yamalungiselelo we-alpha-lipoic acid, ama-antioxidants kanye nama-anticoagulants esibhedlela sosuku noma esibhedlela kuyadingeka.
Ukukhuphela ngaphandle i-pathology ye-thyroid, ukubonisana ne-endocrinologist nokucwaninga kwezinga lama-hormone egilo kuyadingeka. Ngohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-autoimmune thyroiditis ikhula njalo, futhi ngesifo sikashukela esingancikeli i-insulin, i-hypothyroidism ivame ukutholakala. Ukusebenza kwe-thyroid okwehlisiwe kungabangela ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko iqhubeka nengqikithi yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
