Ushukela ungaba oyinhloko, uhlukanise ngezinhlobo ezi-2, bese owesibili. Isifo sikashukela esiyisifo esiyisifo esincike kakhulu ku-polyetiological insulin-noma sincike ku-insulin. Ikhula ngokuzimela.
I-mellitus yesibili yesifo sikashukela iyisibonakaliso sesibili sesinye isifo. Imvamisa le nkinga ivela ngokuhambisana nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kumanyikwe noma ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwe-endocrine.
Kodwa-ke, isifo sikashukela esinezimpawu asivamile kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yi-1% kuphela yabanesifo sikashukela enefomu lesibili lesifo.
Izithombe zomtholampilo zalolu hlobo lwesifo ziyanyamalala zinezimpawu zohlobo 1 sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu akukho zici ze-autoimmune zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Imvamisa, kutholakala uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela kubantu abadala abakhuluphele. Lesi sifo sikhula kancane, ngakho-ke inkambo yaso iyazola.
Izimbangela kanye nezinto ezicatshangelwe kusengaphambili
Isifo sikashukela sesibili senzeka ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine futhi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe. Esimweni sokuqala, izimbangela zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme zilele ezifweni eziningi:
- I-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, lapho kukhiqizwa khona into ekhuphukayo ye-adrenocorticotropic hormone.
- I-Acromegaly yisifo se-anterior pituitary gland, ibonakala ngokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-hormone yokukhula.
- I-Pheochromocytoma ingukuqubuka ku-adrenal gland, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ama-catecholamines, akhulisa ukugcwala kweglucose egazini.
- Isifo sikaWilson - uKonovalov - sibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle ekushintshaniseni ithusi, ngenxa yalokho kuqongelela ezithweni zangaphakathi.
- IHemchromatosis ukwephulwa kwe-iron metabolism, ngenxa yokuthi iqoqwa ezicutshini zezitho zangaphakathi, kufaka phakathi i-pancreas.
- I-Cohn's syndrome yisifo esithinta izindlala ze-adrenal, lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-aldosterone ngamanani amakhulu. Le hormone yehlisa ukunqwabelana kwe-potassium ebandakanyeka ekusebenziseni ushukela.
Futhi, izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela zesibili ziqhamuka ngemuva kwezinkinga ngamanyikwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimila - umdlavuza, somatostinoma ne-lucagonoma.
Ukususwa kwesitho noma i-pancreatectomy, i-pancreatic necrosis ne-pancreatitis nakho kuyaphazamisa ukugaya okujwayelekile kweglucose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zingaba ukulimala kwe-pancreatic noma ubuthi obujwayelekile ngezinto ezinobuthi.
Isici esihola phambili lapho kuvela khona isifo sikashukela ifa. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanomndeni wesifo sikashukela kudingeka bahlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kunomthelela ekwakheni lesi sifo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokugaya ukudla kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwenqwaba yamadiphu kanye ne-cholesterol emzimbeni. Kulokhu, ungqimba olunamafutha lwakhiwa kuma-pancreas ophazamisa ukusebenza kwawo.
Izici ezilandelayo eziphazamisa inqubo yokufakwa ushukela emzimbeni ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokugaya ukudla.
Ukwehluleka kwangempela kuholela nasekuthuthukisweni kwesimo esinjalo.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Indawo ehamba phambili ngendlela yesibili yesifo sikashukela ihlala yizimpawu zesifo esidale ukubonakala kwayo. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zenzeka njengokuqoqwa kwe-glucose ekushintsheni kwegazi.
Iziguli ezincike kwe-insulin zaphawula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo zazibonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- umlomo owomile
- ukunganaki nemalabala;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukoma.
Ukomela nokufutheka emlonyeni kuholela ekutheni umuntu uhlale womile. Izimpawu ezinjalo zivela ngokweqile kwe-glucose egazini, ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wezinso usheshiswa.
Ubuthakathaka benzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima wezitho, okunomthelela ekugqokeni kwabo ngokushesha. Futhi, isiguli kungenzeka sande isifiso sokudla. Ngakho-ke umzimba uzama ukubuyisa kabusha amandla kagesi, kodwa umehluko osisipesheli sikashukela ukuthi ngisho nokudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi, isiguli sehlisa isisindo ngokushesha.
I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esibonakalayo kungenzeka ukuthi ingazivezi isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukugcwala kweglucose kuzoba yinto evamile. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuxineka nemithwalo, izinkomba zayo zanda ngokushesha. Uma kungekho ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okulandelayo, lesi sifo sizongena kwifomu elivulekile, elizodinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Ukwelashwa
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha ukuqeda lesi sifo esiholayo noma imbangela evuse ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela esinezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, uma ukubonakala kwayo kubangele ukwehluleka kwezinso, khona-ke udokotela ubeka i-hepatoprotectors nezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokuvikela umzimba.
Uma imbangela yalesi sifo ikhuluphele, lapho-ke ukudla kuyadingeka. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukudla ukudla okusheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi kususe ushukela emzimbeni. Nezinkinga ngepheshana lesisu, udinga ukudla okulungile futhi uphuze nezidakamizwa ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya.
Empeleni, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sesibili kuyafana nalokho kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ulandele indlela odla ngayo. Ngale njongo, akumele kudliwe ama-carbohydrate angaphezu kwama-90 g esidlweni esisodwa.
Futhi p
Ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye udinga ukubala inani lamayunithi esinkwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezinoshukela (i-soda, itiye, ikhofi, ama-noshukela).
Njengokwelashwa, udokotela angakunquma eqenjini le-sulfonylureas (Diabeteson, Amaryl, Maninil). Izidakamizwa ezivuselelayo ezivuselela ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukufaka i-insulin zifaka iPioglitazone, Avandia, Actos, nabanye.
Imithi ehlanganisiwe esetshenziselwa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela sokuqala kanye nezinye izinhlobo zesifo yiGlukovans, Metaglip, Glybomet. Kusho ukuthi okwejwayelekile ukujula koshukela egazini ngemuva kokudla kufaka nobumba.
Njengomuthi osehlisa ijubane inqubo yokugaya nokudaya kwama-carbohydrate amathumbu, Acarbose, Dibicor neMiglitol uyasetshenziswa. Izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetesic, i-dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, nazo zinganqunyelwa. Njengokwengezwa, i-physiotherapy yesifo sikashukela iyasetshenziswa.
I-Physiotherapy ibalulekile ekwenzeni isimo sesifo sikashukela sibe ngokwejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo bakhonjiswa uhlobo olufanayo lomthwalo, njenge:
- ukugibela ibhayisekili;
- Ukuhamba ngezinyawo
- ukubhukuda
- ukugijima okulula;
- i-aerobics.
Imodi nezinga lomthwalo kunqunywa udokotela ohambelayo, ngokususelwa eminyakeni yesiguli, izici zakhe zomzimba kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezihambelanayo.
Kepha esimweni sokususwa kwama-pancreas, amaqhinga wezokwelapha angaguqulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nangendlela yesibili yesifo sikashukela, imijovo ye-insulin inikezwa njalo kumuntu.
Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwesifo sikashukela esibonakalayo kususelwa ebangeni lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo. Ngefomu lesifo elithobekile, ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukulandela indlela ethile yokudla, ukugcina indlela efanele yokuphila nokuzilolonga.
Esigabeni esiphakathi salesi sifo, uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile ukugcotshwa koshukela, kubalulekile ukulandela indlela odla ngayo, ukuzivocavoca, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic zinikezwa isiguli.
Uma kwenzeka unesifo sikashukela esinzima, ukwelashwa kuyafana. Kodwa-ke, i-insulin ejwayelekile yengezwa kuyo kumthamo onqunywe udokotela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko iqhubeka nesihloko sezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela.
