I-pancreatic hormone, ebhekele ukulawula i-metabolism yama-carbohydrate emzimbeni, ibizwa nge-insulin. Uma kungekho i-insulin eyanele, lokhu kuholela ezinqubweni ze-pathological, ngenxa yalokho kukhuphuka izinga likashukela wegazi.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, le nkinga ixazululeka kalula. Inani le-insulin egazini lingalawulwa ngemijovo ekhethekile. Lokhu kubhekwa njengempatho eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala futhi akuvamile uhlobo lwesibili.
Umthamo we-hormone uhlala unqunywa ngawodwana, ngokuya ngobukhulu besifo, isimo sesiguli, ukudla kwakhe, kanye nesithombe somtholampilo sisonke. Kepha ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kuyefana kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho ethile nezincomo.
Kuyadingeka ukucubungula imithetho yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ukuthola ukuthi ukubalwa komthamo we-insulin kwenzeka kanjani. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuphathwa kwe-insulin ezinganeni, nendlela yokufaka i-insulin?
Izici zokwelashwa sikashukela
Zonke izenzo ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela zinenhloso eyodwa - lokhu kuzinza kwe-glucose emzimbeni wesiguli. Okujwayelekile kubizwa ngokuthi yi-okuhlushwa, okungeyona ephansi kuneyunithi ezingama-3.5, kepha kungadluli umkhawulo ophezulu wamayunithi ayi-6.
Kunezimbangela eziningi eziholela ekusebenzeni kokukhubazeka kwamanyikwe. Esikhathini esiningi samacala, inqubo enjalo ihambisana nokuncipha kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin ye-hormone, nakho, lokhu kuholela ekuphulweni kwenqubo ye-metabolic kanye nokugaya ukudla.
Umzimba awusakwazi ukuthola amandla kokudla okudliwayo, uqoqa ushukela omningi, ongamunwa amaseli, kepha umane uhlala egazini lomuntu. Lapho le nto ibonwa, amaphenathi athola isibonakaliso sokuthi kufanele kukhiqizwe i-insulin.
Kepha njengoba ukusebenza kwayo kukhubazekile, isitho sangaphakathi singasakwazi ukusebenza kwimodi yangaphambilini, egcwele ngokugcwele, ukukhiqizwa kwehormone kuhamba kancane, ngenkathi kukhiqizwa ngamanani amancane. Isimo somuntu siba sibi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuqukethwe kwe-insulin yabo kusondela ku-zero.
Kulokhu, ukulungiswa komsoco nokudla okuqinile ngeke kwanele, uzodinga ukwethulwa kwe-hormone yokwenziwa. Ekusebenzisweni kwezokwelapha zesimanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-pathology ezihlukanisiwe:
- Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela (lubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin-kuncike), lapho kungeniswa i-hormone kubalulekile.
- Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela (olunga-insulin-oluncike). Njengoba unalolu hlobo lwesifo, kaningi kunangesikhathi, ukondliwa okufanele kwanele, kanti ne-insulin yakho iyenziwa. Kodwa-ke, esimweni esiphuthumayo, ukuphathwa kwama-hormone kungadingeka ukugwema i-hypoglycemia.
Ngesifo sohlobo 1, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone emzimbeni womuntu kuvinjiwe ngokuphelele, ngenxa yalokho umsebenzi wawo wonke amalungu angaphakathi nezinhlelo kuphazamiseka. Ukulungisa lesi simo, ukulethwa kuphela kwamaseli nge-analog ye-hormone kuzosiza.
Ukwelapha kuleli cala kungokuphila. Isiguli esinoshukela kufanele singene nsuku zonke. Izici eziwukuphathwa kwe-insulin ukuthi kumele ziphathwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukukhipha isimo esibucayi, futhi uma kwenzeka ukukhohlakala, khona-ke kufanele wazi ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuyini nge-lefu likashukela.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kwesifo sikashukela esikuvumela ukuthi ulawule okuqukethwe kweglucose egazini, ugcine ukusebenza kwamanyikwe asezingeni elidingekayo, ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Ukubalwa komthamo weHormone kubantu abadala nasezinganeni
Ukukhethwa kwe-insulin inqubo eyenzelwe umuntu ngamunye. Inani lamayunithi anconyiwe emahoreni angama-24 lithonywa izinkomba ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-pathologies eyenzeka ngokuhlangana, iminyaka yobudala besiguli, "umuzwa" walesi sifo kanye neminye imiqondo.
Kusungulwe ukuthi esimweni esivamile, isidingo sosuku lweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela asidluli iyunithi elilodwa le-hormone ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba wayo. Uma lo mkhawulo weqiwe, khona-ke amathuba okuthuthuka kwezinkinga ayanda.
Umthamo wesidakamizwa ubalwa kanjena: kuyadingeka ukwandisa isilinganiso somuthi nsuku zonke ngesisindo sesiguli. Ukusuka kulokhu kubalwa kuyacaca ukuthi ukwethulwa kwehomoni kususelwa emzimbeni wesiguli. Isikhombi sokuqala sihlala sisezingeni ngokuya ngeqembu lesiguli, ubukhulu besifo kanye "nesipiliyoni" sakhe.
Umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin yokwenziwa ungahluka:
- Esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-0.5 amayunithi / kg.
- Uma isifo sikashukela kungakapheli unyaka selapheka kahle, kunconywa amayunithi angama-0.6 / kg.
- Ngendlela enzima yesifo, ukungazinzi kwe-glucose egazini - 0,7 PIECES / kg.
- Indlela ebunjiwe yesifo sikashukela ingu-0.8 U / kg.
- Uma izinkinga zibonwa - 0,9 PIECES / kg.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi, ku-trimester yesithathu - 1 iyunithi / kg.
Ngemuva kokuba imininingwane yemithamo isitholile ngosuku, kubalwa. Ngenqubo eyodwa, isiguli singakwazi ukungena ngaphezulu kwama-40 amayunithi e-hormone, kuthi phakathi nosuku umthamo uhlukahluka ukusuka kumayunithi angama-70 kuye kwangama-80.
Iziguli eziningi aziqondi ukuthi zingabalwa kanjani isilinganiso, kepha lokhu kubalulekile. Isibonelo, isiguli sinesisindo somzimba esingama-kilogremu angama-90, kanti umthamo wayo ngosuku ngu-0.6 U / kg. Ukubala, udinga amayunithi angama-90 * 0.6 = 54. Lona umthamo ophelele ngosuku.
Uma isiguli sinconywa ukuboniswa isikhathi eside, khona-ke umphumela kufanele uhlukaniswe kabili (54: 2 = 27). Umthamo kufanele usatshalaliswe phakathi kokuphathwa kokusa nokuhlwa, ngokwesilinganiso samabili kuya koyedwa. Esimweni sethu, lawa angama-36 no-18 amayunithi.
Kwi-hormone "emfushane" ihlala iyunithi ezingama-27 (kwezingu-54 nsuku zonke). Kufanele ihlukaniswe imijovo emithathu elandelanayo ngaphambi kokudla, kuya ngokuthi i-carbohydrate elingakanani umguli ahlela ukuyisebenzisa. Noma, hlukanisa "izingxenye": 40% ekuseni, no-30% ekudleni kwasemini nakusihlwa.
Ezinganeni, isidingo somzimba se-insulin sikhulu kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Izici zomthamo wezingane:
- Njengomthetho, uma isifo sivele satholakala, khona-ke ngokwesilinganiso kungu-0.5 obekelwa ikhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo.
- Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, umthamo unyuswa waba yunithi eyodwa.
- Ekukhuleni, ukwanda futhi kwenzeka kumayunithi angama-1.5 noma aw 2.
- Lapho-ke isidingo somzimba siyancipha, futhi iyunithi elilodwa lanele.
Ngokuvamile, indlela yokusebenzisa i-insulin ezigulini ezincane ayihlukile. Umzuzu kuphela, ingane encane ngeke yenze umjovo ngokwayo, ngakho-ke abazali kufanele bayilawule.
I-Hormone Syringes
Zonke izidakamizwa ze-insulin kufanele zigcinwe esiqandisini, izinga lokushisa elinconyelwe ukugcinwa lingama-2-8 degrees ngaphezulu kwe-0. Imithi ejwayelekile iyatholakala ngesimo sepeni ekhethekile yesirinji efanelekile ukuthwala nawe uma udinga ukwenza imijovo eminingi phakathi nosuku.
Zingagcinwa isikhathi esingadluli izinsuku ezingama-30, futhi izakhiwo zomuthi ziyalahleka ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa. Ukubuyekezwa kweziguli kukhombisa ukuthi kungcono ukuthenga amapeni wesirinji afakwe inalithi esele yakhelwe ngaphakathi. Amamodeli anjalo aphephile futhi athembekile ngokwengeziwe.
Lapho uthenga, udinga ukunaka intengo yokuhlukanisa yesirinji. Uma kumuntu omdala - lokhu kuyiyunithi eyodwa, khona-ke enganeni eyi-0,5 yengane. Ezinganeni, kungcono ukukhetha imidlalo emifushane nehambile engadluli kumamilimitha ayi-8.
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-insulin esitofweni, udinga ukuyihlola ngokucophelela ukuze uhambisane nezincomo zikadokotela: ingabe umuthi ufanelekile, yiwo wonke iphakethe, yini ukuqoqwa komuthi.
I-insulin yomjovo kufanele ifayelwe kanjena:
- Geza izandla, phatha nge-antiseptic, noma ugqoke amagilavu.
- Ngemuva kwaloko kuvulwa cap.
- Ukakhokho webhodlela uphathwa ngokotini, uwuthambisa ngotshwala.
- Linda umzuzu omncane ukuze utshwala buvele.
- Vula iphakheji equkethe isirinji le-insulin.
- Guqula ibhodlela lomuthi libheke phansi, bese uqoqa umthamo owufunayo (ukugcwala ngokweqile ku-bubble kuzosiza ukuqoqa umuthi).
- Khipha inaliti kusuka ku-vial ngomuthi, setha umthamo ngqo wehormone. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi awukho umoya kwisirinji.
Lapho kudingeka ukuphatha i-insulin esebenza ngomphumela wesikhathi eside, i-ampoule enomuthi kufanele “igxoxwe ezintanjeni zezandla zakho” kuze kube yilapho umuthi uphenduka umfu.
Uma kungekho sindiso se-insulin esilahlayo, ungasebenzisa umkhiqizo ongasebenzi kabusha. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukuthi ube nezinaliti ezimbili: ngokusebenzisa eyodwa, umuthi udwetshwe ngosizo lwesibili, ukuphathwa kuyenziwa.
Isebenza kanjani i-insulin futhi kanjani?
I-hormone ifakwa ngokungagudluzekile izicubu ezinamafutha, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ngeke ube nomphumela ofunekayo wezokwelapha. Isingeniso singenziwa ehlombe, isisu, ithanga langaphambili elingaphambili, isibambo sangaphandle se-gluteal.
Ukubuyekezwa kodokotela akucebisi ukuthi usebenzise umuthi ehlombe ngokwabo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli ngeke sikwazi ukuzenzela “isikhumba” sesikhumba futhi sizowuphatha umuthi nge-intramuscularly.
Indawo yesisu yiyona enengqondo kakhulu ukukhetha, ikakhulukazi uma kuphakanyiswa imithamo yehormone emfushane. Ngale ndawo, umuthi udonswa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi indawo yomjovo idinga ukushintshwa nsuku zonke. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, ikhwalithi yokufakwa kwe-hormone izoshintsha, kuzoba nomehluko eglucose egazini, ngaphandle kokuthi kufakwe umgomo ofanele.
Imithetho yokulawulwa kwe-insulin ayivumeli imijovo ezindaweni eziguquliwe: izibazi, izibazi, izilonda nokunye.
Ukufaka umuthi, udinga ukuthatha isirinji ejwayelekile noma isirinji. I-algorithm yokuphatha i-insulin imi ngale ndlela elandelayo (thatha njengesisekelo ukuthi isirinji ene-insulin isivele isilungile):
- Phatha isayithi lomjovo ngamaswidi amabili agcwele utshwala. I-swab eyodwa iphatha indawo enkulu, okwesibili gciwane indawo yomjovo umuthi.
- Linda imizuzwana engamashumi amathathu kuze kuphume utshwala.
- Isandla esisodwa sakha isibaya esinamafutha angaphansi, kanti esinye isandla sifaka inalithi ngophakeme wama-degree angama-45 kwisisekelo somugqa.
- Ngaphandle kokukhulula ama-folds, cindezela i-piston yonke indlela phansi, faka umuthi, ukhiphe isirinji.
- Lapho-ke ungavumela ukugoqa isibaya.
Imithi yesimanje yokulawula ukugcwala kweglucose egazini ivame ukuthengiswa ngamapeni akhethekile wesirinji. Ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha noma ezilahlayo, ziyehluka kumthamo, ziza nezinaliti ezishintshashintshayo nezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Umenzi osemthethweni wezimali uhlinzeka ngemiyalo yokuphathwa kwe-hormone efanelekile:
- Uma kunesidingo, hlanganisa umuthi ngokuthuthumela.
- Bheka inaliti ngokwopha umoya ophuma esitokisini.
- Songa i-roller ekugcineni kwesirinji ukuze ulungise umthamo owuthandayo.
- Yenza isikhumbuzo sesikhumba, yenza umjovo (ofana nencazelo yokuqala).
- Khipha inaliti, ngemuva kokuthi ivalwe ngesihloko nangescroll, khona-ke udinga ukusilahla.
- Vala isibambo ekugcineni kwenqubo.
Ungawuzala kanjani i-insulin, futhi kungani uyadingeka?
Iziguli eziningi zinesifiso sokuthi kungani i-insulin dilution idingeka. Ake sithi isiguli luhlobo 1 sikashukela, esinomzimba omncane. Ake sithi i-insulin ebamba okwesikhashana yehlisa ushukela egazini lakhe ngamayunithi ama-2.
Kanye nokudla okunesifo sikashukela esine-carb ephansi, ushukela wegazi unyuka kumayunithi ayi-7, futhi ufuna ukusinciphisela kumayunithi angama-5.5. Ukuze enze lokhu, udinga ukufaka umjovo owodwa wamahomoni amafushane (isibalo esiseduze).
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi "iphutha" lesirinji le-insulin ngu-1/2 wesilinganiso. Futhi ngobuningi bamacala, ama-syringes anokuhlakazeka kokuhlukanisa abe amayunithi amabili, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunzima kakhulu ukuthayipha okukodwa, ngakho-ke kufanele ufune enye indlela.
Kungenxa yokwehlisa amathuba wokwethula umthamo ongafanele, udinga i-dilution yomuthi. Isibonelo, uma ufafaza umuthi amahlandla awu-10, khona-ke ukufaka iyunithi eyodwa kuyodingeka ukuthi ufake amayunithi ayi-10 alo muthi, okulula kakhulu ukuwenza ngale ndlela.
Isibonelo sokuxutshwa okufanele komuthi:
- Ukwehlisa amahlandla ayi-10, udinga ukuthatha ingxenye eyodwa yomuthi kanye nezingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye ze- “solvent”.
- Ukuthambisa amahlandla angama-20, kuthathwa ingxenye eyodwa ye-hormone nezingxenye eziyi-19 ze “solvent”.
I-insulin ingahlanjululwa nge-saline noma ngamanzi ancitshisiwe, ezinye iziphuzo azivinjelwe ngokuphelele. Lawa ketshezi angahlanjululwa ngqo kwisirinji noma esitsheni esehlukile ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuphathwa. Ngenye indlela, i-vial engenalutho eyayikade ine-insulin ngaphambili. Ungagcina i-insulin ebilisiwe ngaphandle kwamahora angama-72 esiqandisini.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esibucayi esidinga ukuqapha njalo ushukela egazini, futhi kufanele silawulwe ngemijovo ye-insulin. Indlela yokufaka ilula futhi ingabizi, into esemqoka ukubala kahle umthamo bese ungena emafutheni angaphansi. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokukhombisa inqubo yokuphathwa kwe-insulin.
