Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus uhlelo lwezifo ezikhula ngemuva kwesizinda sokwanda okungapheli kweglucose yegazi. I-Pathology ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili - eyokuqala neyesibili. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luvame ukutholwa njengefa futhi lubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin egazini. Uhlobo lwesibili yiyona evame kakhulu. Ezimweni ezingama-99%, ayizalwa futhi ibonakala ngokuwedlula kwe-insulin ye-hormone esetshenziswe ngamanyikwe.
Izici zobungozi zibandakanya ukusebenza komzimba okuphansi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, i-cholesterol ephezulu nokungalingani kwe-hormonal. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu kuyinto evame ukwenzeka.
Izici zesifo
Isici esikhulu sokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuvela eminyakeni engama-40 kuye kwengama-60. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, izehlakalo ziyancipha kancane kancane futhi ziyivelakancane kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-70. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo ngokuguga kuhambisana ngokuyinhloko nokuthuthukiswa kwezilonda ze-sclerotic zemikhumbi ye-pancreatic kanye nokwephulwa kwemisebenzi yayo. I-hormone eyinhloko ebandakanyeka ekufakweni kwezakhi zomzimba - i-insulin - ifakwa kumanyikwe. “Ivumelanisa” amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate, inika ushukela, i-potassium, i-magnesium nama-phosphates izicubu. Ukwephulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin - ukuntuleka kwayo noma ukweqisa - ngokushesha kuzobonakala emzimbeni wesifazane. Esikhathini esiningi, imbangela yokwanda kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ukudangala noma ukucindezela.
Isifo sikashukela sidala izinkinga ohlelweni oluphambili lwezinzwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone wezindlala ze-endocrine kuyancishiswa. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane beminyaka engama-50 zibonakaliswa ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile koswidi nemikhiqizo kafulawa, nangokudla indlala - ikakhulukazi ngokuntuleka kwevithamini E ne-chromium. Lesi sifo sinentuthuko eyinkimbinkimbi futhi akunakwenzeka ukusibikezela. Izimpawu ze-pathology zingavela iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyingqayizivele kulabo bantu abakhulele emindenini engasebenzi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, izingane emindenini enjalo zidla ukudla okushibhile nama-carbohydrate alula angazuzisi umzimba.
Izimpawu Nezinkinga
Ezimweni eziningi, isifo sikashukela sincane ngezimpawu ezingacacile. Owesifazane angavele angasoli nokuthi uyagula, ngakhoke i-pathology imvamisa itholwa ngengozi. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ziqala ukubonisa ngesimo sokukhathala noma ukukhathala. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwehleni kwesampula kweglucose, okuwumthombo wamandla. Iziguli azinaki lezi zibonakaliso, zizisho ngeminyaka yazo. Kungathatha iminyaka ukusuka ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kuya ekuxilongeni, lapho owesifazane eba nezimpawu ezivelayo, kodwa engaphendukeli kochwepheshe. Futhi isifo sikashukela siyaqhubeka "nesenzo sayo esingcolile" futhi singabonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukhuluphele - ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid anamafutha, aguqulwe kusuka kwinani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate angalingani.
- Ukwakheka kwezilonda zangaphandle nezangaphakathi - ushukela owedlulele ukonakalisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi ephelelwa amandla.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosulinosis - ngenxa yokukhula okungajwayelekile kwezicubu zohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, imithambo yegazi inciphile, amafomu egazi, nokujikeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka.
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi - ngenxa yokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi, ukukhuthaza okuthuthukile kwemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo nezinso.
- Ukukhula kwezimila ezinomdlavuza - ngenxa yemiphumela esebenzayo yeglucose kwezicubu.
- Ukwakheka kwamaqanda ama-polycystic, i-dysmenorrhea, inzalo - i-hormone inegalelo ekwakhekeni kwe-testosterone, okuyimbangela yalesi sifo.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, nombono ofiphele. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa isifiso esijwayelekile samaswidi, umuzwa wokoma, ukuchama kaningi nokulunywa kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-inguinal. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, iziguli ziyaphazamiseka, zivame ukuphelelwa yimemori. Ukusikeka okuncane kakhulu, amanxeba ayaphola isikhathi eside, atholakale, futhi kunzima ukwelapha. Ukuqhekeka kwemikhumbi nokuqina kwayo kuholela kwizilonda zezilonda ezingalapheki, futhi odokotela kufanele basebenzise okungenani - ukunqunywa kwezingalo. Ngezinkinga ezithuthukile, umuntu angawela enkingeni.
Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo
Uma owesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 eqaphele izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba wonke. Eguqukela kudokotela osendaweni, owesimame uthola okudluliselwa kochwepheshe abaningana, okungukuthi: i-endocrinologist, i-cardiologist, psychotherapist, gastroenterologist. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile, odokotela kumele basungule uhlobo lwalesi sifo, bahlole isimo somzimba jikelele bese bethola nezinkinga ezihambisana nalokho. Kulokhu, lezi zifundo ezilandelayo zihlelwe ngezigaba ku:
- Ukunqunywa kwezinga lama-hormone egazini (i-insulin, i-renin, i-aldosterone, i-cortisol, i-prolactin) - ukuthola ukusebenza kwe-gland yegilo.
- Ukuqashwa kwengcindezi yegazi phakathi nosuku (izinkomba ze-hypertension yizimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50).
- Ukubona isisindo sesiguli kanye nobukhulu besayizi okhalweni nasezinkalweni.
- Ukuchazwa kwe-microalbunaria - okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kumchamo (izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus).
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwezitho zangaphakathi (ama-pancreas, izinso, isibindi) ukuthola ubukhulu bomonakalo.
- I-MRI, i-CT yomdlavuza we-adrenal kanye ne-pituitary gland ukuze ingabandakanyi isifo sika-Itzingo-Cushing (umsebenzi owandisiwe wesifo, onezimpawu ezifana nesifo sikashukela).
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-biochemical - ukuzimisela kwe-glucose, i-cholesterol ephelele, ama-triglycerides (lipids, derigatives glycerol), ama-lipoprotein (amaprotheni ayinkimbinkimbi), ukuphakama okuphezulu nokuphansi.
Ngaphambi kokuphasa izivivinyo, kufanele ulandele yonke imithetho - ungadli ukudla amahora angu-8, uphuze kuphela amanzi, ungafaki ezinye iziphuzo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa, igazi lidonswa emunweni, futhi uma izinga likashukela lingaphezu kuka-6.5 mmol nge-milliliter, lapho-ke kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala isifo sikashukela esiyinhloko. Kamuva, kuhlaziywa okwesibili ukubheka impendulo yomzimba ushukela. Isiguli siphuza isiphuzo esimnandi, kungakapheli amahora amabili udokotela ahlole izinga likashukela wegazi, futhi uma lidlula i-7 mmol, khona-ke lokhu ekugcineni kuqinisekisa ukutholwa.
Izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokwelashwa wukudla okuhlose ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba. Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi isiguli esihlanganyela kulo, okuqukethwe kwe-caloric kokudla akusebenzisayo kuncishiswa kaningana. Yehlisa kakhulu ama-carbohydrate ekudleni. Ukudla kususelwa kwizithelo nemifino - ezingxenyeni ezincane, izikhathi ezi-4-5 ngosuku. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyakhula kancane kancane - kusuka emithwalweni emincane kuya ekuzivocavoca isikhathi eside. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele kube nemidlalo emnene kuphela, njengokuthi: ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, i-aerobics, yoga. Ukuvivinya umzimba okuningana kusiqinisa lesi simo futhi kwandisa ubungozi besifo segazi.
Eqenjini lokwelashwa, kusetshenziswa nemithi:
- kwehlisa inani le-glucose egazini (Amaryl, Siofor, Maninil) - biguanides, thiazolidines;
- i-normalizing umfutho wegazi futhi wehlise nengozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo (i-Octadin, Rezeprin, Pentamine) - antihypertensive;
- kwehlisa inani le-cholesterol egazini (Holetar, Tulip, Simvastol) - ama-statins nama-fibrate;
- ukunciphisa isifiso sokudla (i-Ankir-B, Reduxin, MCC) - izithintelo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwethambo lamathumbu, kwephula amafutha;
- okwandisa imetabolism, ususa i-cholesterol eyeqile, usebenzisa i-glucose (Lipoic acid).
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele lesi “sifo sikashukela”. Ukwelashwa kuhloselwe ukuqeda izifo ezihlangene futhi kuvikele nezinkinga lapho ingozi ibhekene khona.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvikele izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, kubalulekile ukulalela umzimba wakho futhi ulandele yonke imithetho yokuvikela lesi sifo. Khipha ngokuphelele ukudla okusheshayo nokudla okuphekwe ngogazi okuhlanganiswe nokuvikelwa kokudla. Yidla ukudla okunempilo okune-khalori ephansi kuphela. Inzuzo enkulu yokuzivocavoca yokuphefumula emoyeni ohlanzekile - ithulisa izinzwa futhi iguqule izinqubo ze-metabolic. Uma ulandela zonke izincomo zochwepheshe, hlukana nemikhuba emibi kanye nendlela yokuphila yokuhlala, khona-ke zonke izimpawu ezingemnandi nezimpawu eziyingozi zesifo sikashukela zingagwenywa.
