Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 abantu emhlabeni abatholakala benesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, kuthi inani lamaphesenti landa minyaka yonke. Ukungaphumeleli (kuze kube manje!) Imizamo yososayensi nodokotela yokumelapha ngokuphelele, yenza abaningi baphathe lesi sifo esicashile njengesigwebo. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokulawula lesi sifo, izindlela zokwelashwa kwaso zihlala zithuthukiswa, futhi manje usungaphila ngokugcwele nohlobo 1 sikashukela kuze kube ukuguga. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungasilawula kanjani lesi sifo, okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi siyini - thayipha isifo sikashukela, ukuthi usithola kanjani lesi sifo nokuthi kuzoba yini ukwelashwa nokudla.
Siyini isifo sikashukela futhi sihluke kanjani
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus uchungechunge lwezifo ze-endocrine ezidalwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glucose metabolism kanye nokuntuleka okuyi-insulin ngokweqile, i-hormone eyenziwe yi-pancreas. Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic: okunamafutha, i-carbohydrate, amanzi-usawoti, amaprotheni kanye nokulinganisa okumbiwa phansi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo: uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, esingadingi ukujovwa nsuku zonke kwehomoni.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithinta abantu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, kunezimo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo ezinganeni ezikhuluphele. Ngokugula kohlobo 2 akukho ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, lolu hlobo lwesifo selashwa ngemithi. Iziguli zivame ukubekwa izidakamizwa ezihlose ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela. Ngokudla okuqinile nokuvivinya umzimba njalo, lesi sifo singalawulwa.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esikhathini esiningi sithinta kakhulu izingane kanye nentsha. Shono lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi "ulutsha" noma "ulutsha." Kodwa-ke, muva nje lesi sifo "sesiyaguga", kanti amacala alesi sifo asevame kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi nabadala. Lesi sifo se-autoimmune, ngeshwa, asikwazi ukulawulwa. Isizathu salokhu ngukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana e-pancreatic beta amasosha omzimba, abhekele ukwenziwa kwe-insulin. Iziguli zinqunywe imijovo yansuku zonke evumelekile yale hormone.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela 1 ezinganeni
Kanye nabantu abadala, uhlobo 1 sikashukela luvame ezinganeni. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqagela kofuzo, kepha-ke, kunezinto eziningi ezibandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo: ukuntuleka kokulala, ukucindezela, ukuntuleka kwesiko lokudla okunempilo kwengane. Konke lokhu kungadala isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ebuntwaneni, imbangela yokugula kwesinye isikhathi ukudla okungenamsoco, amanzi asezingeni eliphansi kanye nenani elilinganiselwe le-Vitamin D emzimbeni wengane.
Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, ukuqhuma kwe-diaper kungenzeka ezinsaneni, ama-candidiasis akhula emantombazaneni. Amathuba okuba nesibindi sikashukela ayanda. Uma uhogela i-acetone enganeni yakho futhi ukuphefumula kwayo kubuye kube ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuqabula, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
Izimbangela zesifo
Ukuqonda ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela olunjengalolo, udinga ukwazi izibonakaliso nabahlaseli balesi sifo esiyingozi. Ngeshwa, izimbangela eziphambili zohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela asikaziwa kahle, kepha ukungabi namandla komzimba kubhekwa njengokuyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici eziningi ezingaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo:
- Ukuqagela izakhi zofuzo - uma 1 wabazali enalesi sifo, isifo sizuzwa njengefa, kepha ingozi yokugula enganeni ayidluli kwi-10%;
- Ukwephulwa kokudla - ukukhuluphala nokuphila kokuhlala phansi kufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin;
- Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo - izifo ezifana nesimungumungwane, irubella, ama-retrovirus zikuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwamanyikwe;
- Ukwephulwa kohlelo lwezinzwa - ukwesaba, ukucindezelwa, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa nakho kuyimbangela yalesi sifo;
- Imvelo ezungezile - ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isimo sezulu kanye nemvelo kuthinta ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Isibonelo, izakhamizi zamazwe aseScandinavia zitholakala kalula ukuthayipha isifo esingu-1 ngezibalo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela soHlelo 1
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zezifo eziningi, futhi umuntu ngamunye angabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kuya ngezici ezahlukahlukene: ubudala, indlela yokuphila, isisindo somzimba, imvelo yokomzwelo yabantu.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zihlanganisa ukoma kakhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha, ukuchama kaningi, ukulunywa, ukuphelelwa amandla, iphunga le-acetone emlonyeni, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Esikhathini sokuqala sohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, uphawu lwesifo lungachama kaningi futhi uzizwe womile njalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kokusebenza kwezinso. Izinga le-glucose egazini liyakhuphuka, futhi ukuze ligcwalise, izinso zikhipha uketshezi kusuka kumaseli. Ukwehla okwandayo kuvela ngokungafani nesizinda somsebenzi wobuchopho.
Uma uthola noma yisiphi salezi zimpawu kuwe noma enganeni yakho, thintana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukwehluleka, ukudideka - konke lokhu kungama-harbinger wesifo sikashukela esiseduze, lapho isiguli sikudinga ngokuphuthumayo ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuthola isifo sikashukela, kuhlolwa igazi okwenzelwe ushukela. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Okujwayelekile kuyinkomba yamazinga kashukela ongekho ngaphezulu kuka-5.8 mmol / L. Inani elingaphezulu kuka-7.0 mmol / L libonisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kumuntu. Ukuxilongwa okunembile, izivivinyo kufanele zenziwe kaningana zilandelana ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku.
Ukuhlola ushukela nakho kuyenziwa. Isiguli siphuza amanzi anosawoti, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 sinikele ngegazi emthanjeni ukuze sihlaziywe. Izinkomba ezingaphezu kwe-11 mmol / l zibonisa ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuxilongwa okungakhonjwanga kuvame ukuba yimbangela yemiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Ukubona ubukhona besifo akuwona neze umsebenzi onzima, kepha kaningi ukugula kutholakala kwiziguli eziphikisana nesizinda sokuqalwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile nokwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kubandakanya ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okubandakanya: imijovo ye-insulin, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela wegazi, ukudla nokuvikela izifo.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kuyadingeka ukuthatha lesi sifo silawulwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ngokugcina idayari lapho udinga ukuqopha ushukela wegazi nsuku zonke futhi ufunde ukubala umthamo we-insulin. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuba ngumkhuba ezigulini.
Njengamanje, ama-glucometer aphathekayo wokuzihlola ngokwakho ushukela wekhaya athandwa kakhulu. Lawa ngamadivayisi amancane afakwa kuwo umucu wokuhlola bese kufakwa kuye ithonsi legazi. Ngosizo lwe-glucose oxidase biosensor efakiwe, ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa uzobona izinkomba zikashukela egazini esikrinini sedivaysi. Ngokubambisana nedivaysi, ikhithi ifaka phakathi izesekeli ezingeziwe: imichilo yokuhlola, ipeni eline-lancet yokuthola amasampula egazi, iqoqo lezilonda. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ikhithi ifakwe ipeni lesirinji lokuphatha i-insulin.
Naka ngokukhethekile iqiniso lokuthi izinkampani zamamitha kashukela zikhiqiza imichilo yangempela yokuhlola nezihlakala ezihambelana kuphela nemodeli ethile yalo mkhiqizi. Amakhemisi anoluhlu olubanzi lwama-glucometer kusuka kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene futhi angabizi. Amadivaysi angahlaseli nawo athola ukuthandwa, ngaphandle kokubhobozwa ngomunwe amasampula egazi, anquma izinga le-glucose esebenzisa izinzwa zikagesi. Onke amamitha eglucose egazi acacile, kulula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi ungawagcina ewusizo.
Ukufakwa kwama-insulin kumele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-1 noma ezi-2 (ezimweni ezinzima) ngosuku. Umjovo uvame ukwenziwa ekuseni nasebusuku ngaphambi kokulala. Lokhu kungahle kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, manje sekukhona imijovo engenakubuhlungu ye-insulin. Kamuva, lapho usujwayela, ungazinikeza wena ngokuphepha imijovo.
Ngomjovo, ngaphezu kwezindatshana ezijwayelekile ze-insulin, amadivaysi anjenge: amapeni wesirinji ayatholakala, ukuwasebenzisa ukuphatha i-insulin kulula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha, futhi namaphampu we-insulin wokuphatha ngokungena kwe-insulin.
Naphezu kweminyaka eminingi yokuzama, akunakwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela namuhla. Noma kunjalo, umuthi awumi, futhi namuhla kunezindlela eziningi ezethembisayo zokwelapha isifo sikashukela ngama-stem cell, indlela yokufakelwa kwe-pancreatic cell isakhiwe, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kube nzima ukwelulama kulesi sifo ukwedlula umphimbo obuhlungu.
Okwamanje, udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungaphila kanjani nalesi sifo (yenza imijovo ngaphandle kosizo lwabasebenzi bezokwelapha, uqaphele ukudla okufanele, ulinganise noshukela wegazi). Kancane kancane, uzobuyela endleleni yokuphila ephelele.
Izinkinga
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isifo sikashukela asisibi kangako njengezinkinga nemiphumela yako.
Ngemuva kokulashwa kwe-insulin nangokudla okufanele, ukutholakala kwalesi sifo kungavela lapho isidingo se-insulin sincishisiwe. Odokotela babiza le nkathi ngokuthi "i-honeymoon", engahlala isikhathi eside impela, izinyanga noma iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo ezonakalisayo emzimbeni aziyeki futhi, kungekudala, kungaba nesifo sikashukela noma i-ketoacidosis. Uma kwenzeka umuntuowa kulesi simo esinobungozi, kuyadingeka ukuletha isiguli esibhedlela ngokushesha. Isibonakaliso se-ketoaciodosis iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni noma umchamo.
Futhi, ngohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ubungozi bokwehluleka kwezinso ngenxa yokunyuka komthwalo kuleso sitho kuphezulu. Ukwanda komfutho wegazi kuholela emonakalweni wesistimu yethambo yemithambo yegazi, okungaholela ebumpumpungeni, ekushayweni, ngisho nasekufeni kwe-myocardial. Uma wenqaba ukulaliswa esibhedlela, umphumela obulalayo ungavela ngesikhathi esifushane.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uthatha eminye umuthi, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho. Inani elikhulu ngokwanele lemithi lingadala izinkinga kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
Ukudla: imithetho yomsoco
Ukuhambisana nokudla okufanelekile kuyisisekelo sokululama ngokushesha kwesiguli. Esikhathini sikashukela mellitus 1, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungadli lokhu okulandelayo:
- imikhiqizo yokubhaka, ukubhaka, imikhiqizo kafulawa yebanga loku-1;
- amazambane
- sauerkraut;
- ushokoledi, amaswidi, ushukela;
- ukudla okunamafutha nezinongo;
- ukubhema inyama;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- amagilebhisi, omisiwe.
Ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke udinga ukufaka okuningana kokudla okusiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi: imifino emisha, isinkwa se-bran ngesilinganiso esincane, inyama enamafutha amancane nenhlanzi, amaqanda, ushizi wekhokhishi onamafutha amancane, izithelo ezomisiwe nezithelo ezintsha eziphansi kushukela, i-buckwheat nezinye izinhlamvu eziphekiwe emanzini noma ubisi lwe-skim.
Kunokudla okuyisipesheli okucacisa ngokudla kwansuku zonke kwalezi zinhlobo zabanesifo sikashukela. Lapho uhlanganisa imenyu, ukubala kahle ukuthathwa kwama-carbohydrate, amafutha kanye namaprotheni. Khumbula, ukudla kufanele kube okokuphambana, izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku. Ukukhishwa ngokuphelele kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni kwansuku zonke akuvumelekile.
Izitolo ezinkulu zanamuhla zineminyango ekhethekile yesifo sikashukela, lapho ungathenga khona imikhiqizo evunyelwe yokuguqula imenyu yakho noma ingane yakho. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokupheka zemithi yendabuko, ukhetha ama-decoctions afanele kanye netiye lesifo sikashukela esinciphisa amazinga kashukela egazi.
Kanye nokudla, isiguli kufanele siphuze ama-multivitamini ohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela. Isakhiwo sihlanganisa:
- Vitamin E (tocopherol) - i-antioxidant esiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezinso;
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - iqinisa imithambo yegazi, iqinisa amasosha omzimba;
- IVitamin H (Biotin) - yehlisa ushukela wegazi, inyusa izinqubo zamandla emzimbeni;
- Vitamin A (retinol) - i-antioxidant ekhuthaza ukukhula kwamaseli, ithuthukisa ukugqama kwamehlo;
- Amavithamini e-B - aqinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa lomzimba;
- I-lipoic acid - i-metabolism ejwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ezinye izitshalo zingehlisa ushukela wegazi futhi zivuse ama-pancreas. Amathiphu e-herbal ahlukahlukene kanye nezimali ezi-phyto ezithengiswa ekhemisi zizokusiza ekulweni nesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela.
Ukuvimbela
Njengoba isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sisifo se-autoimmune, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusivimba, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Noma kunjalo, ukuvikela lesi sifo emntwaneni, okokuqala, uma kungenzeka, umondle ubisi lwebele, ngoba “abenzi bezimpawu” abasengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ukuvikela ngempumelelo isifo sikashukela, vikela izifo ezithathelwanayo enganeni yakho. Qinisa ukungavikeleki kwengane. Ukuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu uma omunye wabazali enesifo sikashukela.
Gcina umkhondo wokudla kwengane nosisindo. Hlakulela uthando lwemfundo yokuzivocavoca nemidlalo.
Uma ingane isagula, iqondise yonke imizamo yokululama kwayo, ifundise ukuthi iphile kahle nesifo sikashukela, indlela okufanele iziphathe ngayo, ongayidla nokungavunyelwe. Gwema izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni. Lawula ngokuqinile inkambo yesifo.
Umuntu omdala futhi udinga ukulandela izindlela zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela, ngoba ukuvimbela lesi sifo kulula kunokuphulukisa. Ungathembeli ezimangalisweni zemithi futhi unganaki impilo yakho. Yidla ngakwesokudla, uhambise, unikeze utshwala nokubhema, ulale amahora angu-8 ngosuku futhi uvikele ukucindezelwa kwezinzwa. Futhi-ke uzogcina ushukela ulawulwa, hhayi wena.
