Njalo ngonyaka, izibalo zomhlaba ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela landa ngokuqhubekayo. I-Russia iphakathi kwesine emhlabeni ngenani labantu abahlaselwa yilesi sifo (abantu abayizigidi eziyi-8,5). Futhi phakathi kwabo, izingane ziya ngokuya zitholakala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izwe alikwazi ukungasebenzi futhi linikeze izinzuzo ezikhethekile zabanesifo sikashukela, ezihlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo nokuba khona kukhubazeko kwengane, kepha ngokuvamile zisungula amalungelo alinganayo abo bonke abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala.
Amalungelo ezingane zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Uma isiguli esincane sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, udokotela kumele amnikeze imithi ekhethekile yesifo sikashukela. Uhlobo lokuqala (lokuncika kwe-insulin) lwesifo lubonakala ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin emzimbeni, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kweglucose yegazi. Kulesi simo, isiguli sabelwa ukukhubazeka ngaphandle kwenombolo, okungaqhubeka isikhathi sikhanselwe noma siphinde siphinde sinikwe iqembu elithile ngokuya ngokuqina kwezinkinga. Njengoba uhlobo 1 lwalesi sifo lubhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu, izwe, ngokwalo, lihlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziphezulu kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesisekelo seZinga, elivunyelwe nge-oda le-Ministry of Health langoSepthemba 11, 2007, izingane ezithembela i-insulin zinikezwa mahhala:
- Okuqukethwe njengokulungiselela kwe-insulin, isirinji nezinaliti.
- Imivimbo yokuhlolwa ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezingama-730 ngonyaka.
Kwamanye amadolobha ezingeni lesifunda, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezingeziwe zokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezenhlalo ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Inkinga ye-glucometer yamahhala.
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokuhlolwa okufanele kwezokwelapha uma kwenzeka kuphuthumayo.
- Uhambo lonyaka olukhokhelwa eSanatorium nabazali.
- Ukunakekelwa kweziguli okunikezwe usonhlalonhle (ezimeni ezinzima).
Kubalulekile! Uma ingane enesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin iba nezinkinga, khona-ke inikezwa ithuba lokuthola imithi ebizayo engafakwanga ohlwini olujwayelekile lwemithi yamahhala. Izimali ezinjalo zinganikezwa kuphela ngomuthi obhalwe phansi.
Amalungelo ezingane zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Uhlobo lwesibili (olungethembele nge-insulin) luhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame kakhulu ezinganeni kunokuya nge-insulin, futhi luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesici sofuzo. Ngale ndlela yalesi sifo, isiguli sinokwehla kokuzwela kwamaseli omzimba ukungena ku-insulin, ngenxa yokuthi kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kokuvela kwe-carbohydrate metabolism futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuphakama ushukela wegazi. Isifo esinjalo sidinga ukuphathwa okuhleliwe kwemishini ekhethekile yezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, umbuso uhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezikhethekile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, okufanele zinikezwe ngokuya Ngezinga elivunyelwe ngokomyalelo woMnyango Wezempilo wangaSepthemba 11, 2007:
- Izidakamizwa zamahhala ze-hypoglycemic (izidakamizwa ezihlose ukwehlisa ushukela emzimbeni). Umthamo unqunywa udokotela oholayo, obhala umuthi enyangeni eyodwa.
- Izinzuzo zabo bonke abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zifaka ukukhishwa kwemichilo yamahhala yokuhlola (ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezingama-180 ngonyaka). Ukukhishwa kwemitha kuleli cala akunikezwe ngumthetho.
Kwamanye amadolobha ezingeni lesifunda, izinhlaka zikahulumeni zihlinzeka ngosizo olwengeziwe lwezingane ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngakho-ke, abazali bezingane ezigulayo banethuba lokufaka isicelo sethikithi lamahhala lemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa ezikhungweni zokuzithokozisa (kubandakanya ithikithi lomuntu ohambisana nalo).
Lapho Yabela Ukukhubazeka Ezinganeni Zesifo Sikashukela
Izinzuzo zeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingandiswa ngokwakhiwa kokukhubazeka. Umthetho weRussian Federation unikeza ilungelo elinjalo kubo bonke abantwana abangasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-endocrine. Uma ingane inesifo esinezinkinga ezisobala eziphazamisa umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi, kudingeka ihlolwe ngokukhethekile. Ukudlulisela kulo mcimbi kukhishwa ngudokotela obekhona. Ngokwemiphumela yale nqubo, isiguli singabelwa ukukhubazeka kweqembu I, II noma i-III, okumele liqinisekiswe minyaka yonke.
Kodwa-ke, umthetho uhlinzeka ngamacala lapho ukukhubazeka okungapheli:
1. Ezimweni ezinamandla zokuwohloka komqondo, ubumpumputhe, izigaba zokugcina zamakhanda anomdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo ezingenakuphikwa.
2. Uma kungenakho ukuthuthuka kwesiguli ngemuva kokulashwa isikhathi eside.
Iqembu lokukhubazeka I isigaba sabanesifo sikashukela sabelwa lapho lesi sifo sihambisana nokuphazamiseka okubi kakhulu, njengokuthi:
Ukuwohloka okubukhali noma ukulahleka okuphelele kombono
Ukwephulwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo
Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo nezinso
Ukusebenza kahle kwengqondo
Ukulimazeka kwezimoto nokukhubazeka
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela
Iqembu lokukhubazeka II It is kusungulwa ezimweni lapho umonakalo ezifana:
Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo
Ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa
Ukubhujiswa kwemithambo yegazi
Ukwehluleka kwangempela
Unciphile umsebenzi wengqondo
Ukukhubazeka kweQembu III kubhekiswe ezinganeni ezinenkinga yezempilo encane edinga ukunakekelwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Ingakhishwa okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa okuhlobene nomsebenzi womzimba. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sikashukela, ukunikezela isimo somuntu okhubazekile weqembu III akujwayelekile: lokhu kufanelekile lapho kunokulimala okuncane kokuchama kanye nokuchama.
Amalungelo Wezingane Zesifo Sikashukela Abakhubazekile
Izinzuzo zengane ene-mellitus yesifo sikashukela zihlukahlukene futhi ziboniswe ngokucacile emthethweni weFederal "On the Social Protection of Persons with Disvers of the Russian Federation." Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ukunikezwa kwemithi kanye nezinsizakalo ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi mahhala. Ikakhulu, isiguli sithola ilungelo lokumkhipha izixazululo ze-insulin nezidakamizwa ezifana neRepaglinide, Acarbose, Metformin nabanye.
- Ilungelo lokuvakasha kwamahhala kweSanatorium noma kwezempilo. Ingane ehambisana nokukhubazeka inelungelo lokuthola ithikithi lokukhetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuso ukhipha isiguli nomngane waso imali ekhokhwayo futhi ubakhokhela ukuhamba ngazo zombili izinhlangothi.
- Uma ingane enesifo sikashukela iyintandane, inikezwa-ke ithuba lokuthola ikhaya ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni eyi-18.
- Izinzuzo zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zifaka phakathi ilungelo lesinxephezelo yisimo semali esasetshenziswa emfundweni yasekhaya yomuntu okhubazekile.
Eminye imithetho ithi:
5. Abanesifo sikashukela banelungelo lokukhokha imali ngendlela yempesheni, inani lakhona elilingana nomholo omncane okungenani. Omunye wabazali noma umnakekeli osemthethweni unelungelo lokufaka isicelo sempesheni.
6. Izinzuzo zazo zonke izingane ezikhubazekile ezinesifo sikashukela zifaka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudluliselwe esigulini esincane ukwelashwa phesheya.
7. Izingane ezikhubazekile zinelungelo lokwenza izindawo eziguqukayo ezindaweni ezinkulisa, ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nezempilo (Isimemezelo SikaMongameli Nombolo 1157 se-2.10.92). Lapho wamukelwa esikoleni, lezo zinzuzo azinikezwa.
8. Uma isiguli siveza ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo, abazali bakhe bayakhishwa ekukhokheleni imali yesondlo sezingane ezinhlanganweni zasenkulisa.
9. Kunethuba lokungena esikhundleni sokukhetha esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme nesekondari.
10. Izingane ezikhubazekile zingaxolelwa ekuphaseleni ukuhlolwa kwe-Basic State Exam (USE) ngemuva kwebanga le-9 naku-Unified State Exam (USE) ngemuva kwebanga le-11. Esikhundleni salokho, baphasa i-State Final Examination (HSE).
11. Ngesikhathi kudlula izivivinyo zokwamukelwa eyunivesithi, abafaka isicelo sikashukela banikezwa isikhathi esithe xaxa sokuthola umsebenzi obhaliwe nokulungiselela impendulo.
Izinzuzo zabazali bezingane ezikhubazekile ezinesifo sikashukela
Ngokwenkambiso yomthetho wobumbano othi "On the Social Protection of Persons with Disvers of the Russian Federation", kanye nezindatshana ezibekwe kwiKhodi Yezabasebenzi, abazali bezingane ezikhubazekile banamalungelo angeziwe:
1. Umndeni wengane egulayo unikezwa isaphulelo okungenani sama-50% wezindleko zokusetshenziswa nezindleko zezindlu.
2. Abazali bezingane ezinesifo sikashukela bangathola umhlaba wezindlu nezindlu zasehlobo.
3. Omunye wabazali abasebenzayo uthola ilungelo lokuthatha izinsuku ezi-4 ezingafani njalo ngenyanga.
4. Umsebenzi onengane ekhubazekile unikezwa ithuba lokuthatha ikhefu elingakaze likhokhelwe izinsuku ezingama-14.
5. Umqashi wenqatshelwe ukuqasha abasebenzi abanengane ekhubazekile ukuthi basebenze isikhathi esengeziwe.
6. Ababelethi abayinyanga nenyanga bezingane ezigulayo bathola ilungelo lokunciphisa intela engenayo ngenani lemivuzo ephansi emithathu.
7. Abaqashi bayenqatshelwa ukudubula abasebenzi abanezingane ezikhubazekile ezibanakekelayo.
8. Abazali abakhubazekile abakhubazekile abanakekela izingane ezikhubazekile bathola izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke ezingama-60% emiholo eliphansi.
Izindlela ezidingekayo zokusetshenziswa kwezinzuzo
Ukuthola lokhu noma ukuzuzisa ushukela kudinga amaphakheji ahlukene wemibhalo. Uma ngemuva kokuphasa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ingane yabonwa njengakhubazekile, kubalulekile ukulungisa lesi simo ephepheni elisemthethweni. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela yonke imibhalo edingekayo futhi uyihambise kwikhomishini ekhethekile. Ngemuva kokubheka imininingwane enikeziwe, amalungu ekhomishini enza izingxoxo nomzali nengane bese enza isinqumo sabo eqenjini lokukhubazeka elinikeziwe. Imibhalo Edingekayo:
- khipha emlandweni wezokwelapha onemiphumela yokuhlolwa enamathiselwe
- IZIMNYAMA
- Ikhophi yephasiphothi (kuze kube iminyaka eyi-14 ikhophi lesitifiketi sokuzalwa)
- inqubomgomo yezokwelapha
- Ukudluliselwa kudokotela ohambelayo
- isitatimende somzali
Ukuthola lokho okufanele kube yisiguli esinesifo sikashukela (imishanguzo yamahhala, izinsiza kanye namadivayisi), izingane ezinokukhubazeka noma ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kufanele zenziwe isikhathi sokubonisana nodokotela ongapheli. Kuqondiswa yimiphumela yokuhlolwa, uchwepheshe unquma umthamo odingekayo wezidakamizwa nokunquma. Ngokuzayo, abazali baletha le dokhumenti ekhemisi lombuso, emva kwalokho banikezwa izidakamizwa zamahhala ngokuqondile inani elishiwo udokotela. Njengomthetho, umuthi onjalo wenzelwe inyanga eyodwa futhi ngemuva kokuphelelwa isikhathi sokuba semthethweni kwayo isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuba senze isivumelwano nodokotela futhi.
Ukufaka isicelo sempesheni yabakhubazekile, udinga ukufaka isicelo esikhwameni sempesheni seRussian Federation ngezincwadi ezithile. Isikhathi sokubhekelwa kokusetshenziswa nokubhaliswa kwemininingwane sifinyelela ku-10 izinsuku. Izinkokhelo zempesheni zizoqala ngenyanga ezayo ngemuva kokufaka isicelo. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngemibhalo efana:
- isicelo sezimali
- ipasipoti yomzali
- Ikhophi yepasipoti yengane (kuze kube iminyaka eyi-14 ikhophi lesitifiketi sokuzalwa)
- isitifiketi sokukhubazeka
- IZIMNYAMA
Ukuze izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zikwazi ukuthola ithuba lazo lokuthola ukwelashwa ekhaya leholide noma i-sanatorium, abazali kufanele balungiselele le mibhalo elandelayo futhi bayithumele kwiSikhwama Somshwalense Womphakathi weRussia Federation:
- isicelo sevawusha
- Ikhophi yepasipoti ehambisana nayo
- Ikhophi yepasipoti yengane (kuze kube iminyaka eyi-14 ikhophi lesitifiketi sokuzalwa)
- isitifiketi sokukhubazeka
- Ikhophi le-SNILS
- umbono kadokotela ngesidingo sokwelashwa e-sanatorium
Kubalulekile! Isiguli sinelungelo lokwenqaba le nzuzo yomphakathi futhi sithola isinxephezelo ngohlobo lwemali. Noma kunjalo, usayizi wokukhokha okunjalo kuzoba kaningi ngaphansi kwezindleko zangempela zemvume.
Ukuthola imihlomulo yokwelashwa phesheya, kufanele uthinte ikhomishini yoMnyango Wezempilo waseRussian Federation, obandakanyeke ekukhetheni kwezingane ezithunyelwe ukulaliswa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqoqa imibhalo efana:
- ukukhishwa okuningiliziwe emlandweni wezokwelapha okuqukethe imininingwane eningilizayo ekwelapheni ingane nasekuhlolweni kwakhe (ngesiRussia nangesiNgisi)
- isiphetho sesikhungo sezokwelapha sombuso esidingweni sokuthumela isiguli siyelashwa ezweni langaphandle
- incwadi yesiqinisekiso eqinisekisa ukukhokhelwa yisimo sokwelashwa kweziguli
Impilo yezingane ezinesifo sikashukela ihlukile empilweni yengane ejwayelekile: igcwele imijovo engapheli, imishanguzo, izibhedlela nobuhlungu. Namuhla, umbuso uthatha izinyathelo eziningi ukwenza lula ukwelashwa kweziguli ezincane. Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali banakekele imihlomulo abanikezwe yona ngesikhathi, balungiselele imibhalo edingekayo futhi baxhumane nabaphathi abanolwazi. Futhi, mhlawumbe, ngokuvakashela i-sanatorium noma ukuthola umuthi wamahhala, ingane egulayo iyoba nenjabulo umzuzwana bese ikhohlwa ukugula kwayo.
