I-C-peptide (kusuka ku-peptide yokuxhuma yesiNgisi, ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "i-peptide yokuxhuma") - into eyakhiwa yi-proavage ye-proinsulin ngama-peptidases iyinkomba yokufihlwa kwe-insulin esetshenzisiwe. Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-oligopeptide ngokwayo, ngokungafani ne-insulin, ayinawo umthelela ushukela wegazi, noma kunjalo, ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela: sekubonakele ukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo, baqala ukudala izinkinga.
Ngokuya ngezinga likashukela wegazi kumaseli we-beta we-pancreas, kukhiqizwa i-preproinsulin. Ngemuva kwe-cleavage evela egatsheni elincane le-oligopeptide, iphenduka ibe yi-proinsulin. Ngokwenyuka kwezinga le-glucose, ama-molecule ama-proinsulin aqhekeza ku-C-peptide (oligopeptide enobude bama-amino acid angama-31) kanye ne-insulin uqobo. Badedelwa bobabili bangena egazini. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, i-insulin ne-C-peptide ngokusebenzisa i-portal vein ivela okokuqala esibindini, lapho cishe i-50% ye-insulin ibhujiswa khona. I-C-peptide imelana ngokwengeziwe - ithunyelwa emzimbeni wezinso. Isikhathi sokuphila se-insulin egazini le-peripheral yimizuzu emi-4, kanti i-C-peptide imayelana nama-20. Ngakho-ke, izinga lale nto libala ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emangqamuzaneni esiqithi seLangerhans kangcono kakhulu kune-insulin uqobo.
Ukuxilonga
Ngenxa yokuthi i-C-peptide ivela egazini esindweni esifanayo se-molar njenge-insulin, singasetshenziswa njengophawu lokucashelwa kwe-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nasezigabeni zokugcina zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukuqina kwaso egazini kuyancipha. Esikhathini sokuqala (ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kubonakale), isifo sikashukela 2 sikhuphuka, nangama-insulinoma (ama-pancreatic tumors), ukugcwala kwale nto esegazini kukhuphuka kakhulu. Ake siwubheke kabanzi lo mbuzo.
Ileveli ekhuphukayo ibonwa nge:
i-mellitus encike kushukela
ukwehluleka kwezinso
ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal,
insulinoma
i-beta cell hypertrophy.
Ileveli encishisiwe ibonakala ku:
i-mellitus encike kwisifo sikashukela ezimeni ze-hypoglycemic,
izimo ezicindezelayo.
Izici Zokuhlaziya
Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa:
Ukunquma ngokungaqondile inani le-insulin ngama-antibodies e-inactivating, aguqula izinkomba, azenze zincane. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwephula okunamandla kwesibindi.
Ukunquma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nezici zamaseli we-pancreatic beta ekukhetheni isu lokwelashwa.
Ukuhlonza ama-tumast metastases we-pancreas ngemuva kokususwa kwayo kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunqunyelwe kulezi zifo ezilandelayo:
Thayipha i-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, lapho izinga lamaprotheni lehliselwa khona;
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, lapho izinkomba ziphakeme kunokwejwayelekile;
Isimo sokuqedwa kwe-postoperative yomdlavuza kumanyikwe;
Ukungacunuli kanye nembangela yako - i-polycystic ovary;
I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela (i-mestitus yesifo sikashukela) (ubungozi obukhona enganeni buchaziwe);
Ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene ekuchazweni kwe-pancreas;
ISomatotropinoma;
I-Cushing's Syndrome.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe imbangela yesimo se-hypoglycemic kushukela. Lesi sikhombisi sanda nge-insulinoma, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokwenziwa ezinciphisa ushukela.
Izinga lehliswa, njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuthatha inani elikhulu lotshwala noma ngokumelene nesizinda sokwethulwa kwe-insulin engaphandle ngesisekelo esiqhubekayo.
Kunikezwe isifundo uma umuntu ekhononda:
ngokoma okungapheli
ukukhipha umchamo,
isisindo somzimba.
Uma ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sekuvele kwenziwa, khona-ke kuyenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okukhethiwe kahle kugcwele izinkinga: kaningi kulokhu, abantu bakhala ngokukhinyabezeka okubukwayo nokunciphisa ukuzwela kwemilenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme zingabhekwa.
Igazi leVenous liyathathwa ukuze lihlaziywe. Emahoreni ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kocwaningo, isiguli asikwazi ukudla, kepha ungaphuza amanzi.
Kungakuhle ukuthi ungabhemi okungenani amahora ama-3 ngaphambi kwenqubo futhi ungabi ngaphansi kokuzivocavoca kanzima futhi ungabi novalo. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa ungaziwa ngemuva kwamahora ama-3.
Isimo se-C-peptide nokuhunyushwa
Isimo se-C-peptide siyefana kwabesifazane abadala nakwabesilisa. Okujwayelekile akuxhomekile eminyakeni yeziguli futhi ngu-0.9 - 7.1ng / ml.
Njengomthetho, amandla e-peptide ahambelana namandla ashukumisayo okuhlushwa kwe-insulin. Inani lokuzila yi-0.78 -1.89 ng / ml (SI: 0.26-0.63 mmol / L).
Isimo sezingane esimweni ngasinye esithize sinqunywa ngudokotela, ngoba izinga lale nto enganeni ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kokuzila lingahle libe ngaphansana komkhawulo ophansi wesimo esijwayelekile, ngoba izingcezu ze-proinsulin molecule zishiya amaseli e-beta kuphela ngemuva kokudla.
I-C-peptide ingandiswa ngo:
- I-hypertrophy yamaseli wama-isanger weLangerhans. Izindawo zeLangerhans zibizwa ngokuthi izindawo zamanyikwe lapho kwenziwa khona i-insulin,
- ukukhuluphala
- insulinoma
- Uhlobo 2 sikashukela
- umdlavuza wepancreatic
- Isifo sokuphumula kwe-QT ende,
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfonylureas.
- Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, i-C-peptide ingandiswa uma uthatha izinhlobo ezithile zama-hypoglycemic agents kanye nama-estrogens.
I-C-peptide iyancipha lapho:
- i-alcohol hypoglycemia,
- Uhlobo 1 sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi izinga le-peptide esegazini esiswini esingenalutho lijwayelekile, noma lisondele kokujwayelekile. Kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela umuntu analo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconyelwa ukuthi kwenziwe isivivinyo esikhethekile ukuze kuvame inqubo ethile yesiguli esithile.
Lolu cwaningo lungenziwa kusetshenziswa:
Imijovo ye-Glucagon (umphikisi we-insulin), ihlinzekelwe ngokuqinile kubantu abane-hypertension noma i-pheochromocytoma,
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose.
Kusezingeni elifanele ukudlulisa zombili izinkomba: kokubili ukuhlolwa kwesisu okungenalutho nokuhlolwa okwenziwe. Manje ama-laboratories ahlukene asebenzisa izihlahlana ezahlukene ukunquma izinga lezinto, futhi okujwayelekile kuhlukile kancane.
Njengoba sesitholile umphumela wokuhlaziywa, isiguli singakwazi ukukuqhathanisa ngokukhululekile namanani wereferensi.
I-peptide nesifo sikashukela
Umuthi wanamuhla ukholelwa ukuthi nge-C-peptide kulula kakhulu ukulawula i-insulin. Kusetshenziswa ucwaningo, kulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-endo native (ekhiqizwa ngumzimba uqobo) i-insulin ne-insulin engaphandle. Ngokungafani ne-insulin, i-oligopeptide ayiphenduli kuma-antibodies kuyi-insulin, futhi ayibhujiswa yilawa ma-antibodies.
Njengoba imishanguzo ye-insulin ingenayo le nto, ukugxilisa kwayo egazini lesiguli kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamaseli we-beta. Khumbula: amaseli we-pancreatic beta akhiqiza i-insulin endo native.
Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, izinga eliphansi le-peptide, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuhlushwa kwalo ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela, kwenza sikwazi ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukungamelana ne-insulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba zokuxolelwa zinqunywa, okukuvumela ukuthi ulungise kahle ukwelashwa.
Ngokubheka zonke lezi zinto, singaphetha ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwale nto kusivumela ukuthi sihlole ukuvezwa kwe-insulin ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esinama-antibodies ku-insulin, izinga eliphakeme lamanga le-C-peptide kwesinye isikhathi lingabonakala ngenxa yamasosha omzimba ahlangana ne-proinsulin.
Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe ushintsho ekugxambeni kwalesi simo kubantu ngemuva kokusebenza kwama-insulinomas. Izinga eliphakeme libonisa kungaba isimila esiqhubekayo noma i-metastases.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele: uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi noma kwezinso, isilinganiso esegazini le-oligopeptide ne-insulin singashintsha.
Ucwaningo luyadingeka nge:
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela
Ukukhetha kwezinhlobo zokwelashwa,
Ukukhetha uhlobo lomuthi nomthamo,
Inquma izinga lokuntuleka kweseli ye-beta,
Ukuxilongwa kwesimo se-hypoglycemic,
Izilinganiso zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin,
Izincazelo zokulwa ne-insulin
Ukuqapha isimo ngemuva kokukhishwa kwama-pancreas.
Esikhathini eside bekukholelwa ukuthi into ngokwayo ayinayo imisebenzi ekhethekile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile nje ukuthi izinga layo livamile. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo kanye namakhulu amaphepha esayensi, kwaziwa ukuthi leli khompiyutha eliyinkimbinkimbi linomphumela obonakalayo womtholampilo:
- Nge-nephropathy,
- Nge-neuropathy
- Nge-angiopathy yesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abakalitholanga iqiniso lokuthi izindlela zokuzivikela zalo msebenzi zisebenza kanjani. Lesi sihloko sihlala sivulekile. Azikho izincazelo zesayensi mayelana nalesi simo, noma kunjalo, kanye nemininingwane ngemiphumela emibi ye-C-peptide kanye nobungozi obungahle busetshenziselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela baseRussia nabaseNtshonalanga abakafinyeleli esivumelwaneni sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sakhi kufanelekile yini kwezinye izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
