I-Hypothyroidism ezilwaneni yisifo esiphumela lapho indlala yegilo ingakhiqizi amahomoni anele. Ama-hormone egilo e-thyroid afaka i-triiodothyronine (T3) ne-thyroxine (T4).
Uma ukushoda kwala ma-hormone kwenzeka, khona-ke umzimba wezinja namakati uncishiswa kakhulu. Izimpawu ezivelele kakhulu zalesi sifo ukuthi ezinjeni noma emakati, i-muzzle ithola inkulumo edabukisayo.
Izimbangela ze-hypothyroidism
Njengomthetho, i-hypothyroidism ivame kakhulu ukuthinta izinja, isikhathi esiningi amakati. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje akukasungulwa ukuthi yisici esiyifa eliyimbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo ezinjeni. Noma kunjalo, i-hypothyroidism ihlala ivela ezinhlotsheni zezinja ezinjengalezi:
- Umelusi waseScotland;
- airedale;
- poodle
- isibhakela;
- Isi-Pomeranian
- i-cocker spaniel;
- Umelusi wamaNgisi;
- dachshund;
- ISchnauzer
- Doberman
- I-Irish Setter
- Dane Omkhulu
- IGolden Retriever.
Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi sifo sikhula eminyakeni engama-5-8 yempilo yesilwane, futhi ibanga lobudala elisunguliwe liyiminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweli-10. Lesi sifo singathinta isilwane sanoma yibuphi ubulili. Kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinja noma amakati abalekayo atheleka kakhulu ku-hypothyroidism.
I-pathophysiology yokwakheka kwe-hypothyroidism ezinjeni
I-hypothyroidism eyisisekelo, okungukuthi, etholakele, ibonwa kuma-90% ezinja. Futhi, i-thymitis ye-lymphocytic, inqubo yokuvuvukala eyenzeka ngokuzibandakanya kwama-lymphocyte ku-gland yegilo, inomthelela ekuveleni kwayo. Lesi sizathu siyabonakala kuma-50% ezilwane.
Isatholwa i-hypothyroidism yakhiwe njengomphumela we-idiopathic follicular atrophy ku-50% wezinja. Ukuhlaziya kukhombisa ukuthi kunama-antibodies ngokumelene ne-T4 ne-T3 egazini lesilwane. Kodwa ama-antibodies afanayo angatholakala ku-euthyroid, izilwane ezijwayelekile kumacala angama-13- 40%.
Izici ezingekho zokuvela kwalesi sifo zibandakanya ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni nasekubhujisweni kwe-gland yegilo ngenxa yokwakheka kwesimila noma ukulimala kwe-gland ngezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Nakani! Emakati, i-hypothyroidism i-idiopathic kakhulu; yenzeka ngenxa ye-radiotherapy noma ngemuva kokususwa kwendlala.
I-Hypothyroidism yesibili ezinjeni yenziwa ngenxa yokuthi:
- ukuphazamiseka ekuhlelweni kwe-hormonal ekhuthaza i-thyroid;
- ngenxa yokutheleleka;
- ngenxa yokuvela kwesimila ku-gland yegilo.
Uhlobo lwesibili olutholwayo lwe-hypothyroidism aluvamile emakati nasezinjeni. Lesi sifo singakhiwa ngenxa yokwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-pituitary gland ye-thyrethropin (TSH) noma i-hormone egqugquzelayo ye-thyroid, ebhekele ukuvusa indlala yegilo ukuze ihlanganise i-T4 ne-T3.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-secretion ye-thyrotropin ivinjelwa ukudla okungalinganiseli, ama-glucocorticoids nezifo ezihambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lama-glucocorticoids lenziwa livumelaniswa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-TSH nakho kulawulwa.
I-Tertiary hypothyroidism, engaqhamuka ngenxa yokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-thyrotiberin yi-hypothalamus noma i-hormone ye-thyrotropin, akukabhalwa kuze kube manje.
I-Congenital hypothyroidism ezilwaneni ikhula ngenxa ye-cretinism, ngoba amahomoni akhiqizwa indlala ayadingeka ekwakhekeni okungokwemvelo kohlelo lwezinzwa nolwelwesi lwamathambo. Futhi, izimo zokungatholakali noma zokwenziwa kancane kwe-yegilo yegilo, ukusweleka kwe-iodine noma ukwakhiwa okungasebenzi kahle kwama-hormone kubhalwe phansi.
I-hypgenroidism yesibili yeCongenital, njengomthetho, yenzeka kubelusi baseJalimane abane-hypothalamus engakhuli kahle - i-panhypopituitarism.
Futhi, ukuntuleka kokuzalwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-hypothalamus yi-thyrotropin ekhulula i-hormone kwaphawulwa kuma-risenschnauzers. Futhi ukuvuvukala kwe-yegilo yegilo (i-lymphocytic yomndeni we-thyroiditis) kuqhubekela phambili eDenmark Great Danes, greyhound kanye beagles.
Yiziphi izinhlelo nezitho ezithinteka yi-hypothyroidism ezilwaneni
Ekwamukeleni, udokotela wezilwane ubeka izimpawu ezinjengokuthi:
- i-thermophilic;
- ubuqili;
- ukubekezelela okubandayo;
- ubuthakathaka
- ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe kwesikhumba;
- ukuwohloka komqondo
- hyperpigmentation;
- isisindo somzimba;
- dandruff;
- i-molt eqinile;
- ijazi elithambile, elomile;
- ukukhula izinwele kancane.
Izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ukungazali, ukugqwala okujwayelekile, ukugoba ikhanda, ukuncipha kwekhanda nokuncipha kwenhliziyo yobuso.
Zonke izimpawu zakha kancane kancane futhi zikhule kancane.
Njengoba i-hypothyroidism iqhubeka ngokuhlelekile, amasistimu omzimba angaphezu kweyodwa angalimala ezilwaneni ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ezisobala zingabukwa ngu:
- iso;
- uhlelo lwe-excretory;
- uhlelo lwezinzwa
- isikhumba
- uhlelo lwe-hormonal;
- ipheshana emathunjini;
- uhlelo lwenhliziyo;
- uhlelo lwe-endocrine;
- uhlelo lokuzala ne-neuro-muscular.
Yini engatholakala lapho kuhlolwa izinja ze-hypothyroidism
Ezinjeni nasezinjeni, i-bilopole alopecia (symmetrical) iyabonakala. Imvamisa ekuqaleni, izimpandla zithinta izinhlangothi, izindawo zezingxabano (isisu, izinqe, intamo), izindlebe nomsila. Esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, impandla ingaba yi-asymmetric ne-multifocal.
Impandla ayihambisani njalo nokulunywa, uma kungekho ukutheleleka kwe-purulent kwesibili noma ezinye izinto ezithelisa ukulunywa. Kulokhu, uvolo uyaqhuma ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Futhi, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wezilwane uthola izimpawu ezinjengokuphinde azalwe kabusha kanye nokulimala okuncane kwezicubu kanye ne-oily noma i-seborrhea eyomile, engaba i-multifocal, general noma yendawo. Futhi, isikhumba sesilwane singaba puffy, sibanda, siminyene, ijazi linombala obuthuntu, libe brittle, buthuntu, bomile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja noma amakati zingathola izimpawu ze-myxedema ezinobuso obudabukisayo. I-Hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation kanye nokuqina kwesikhumba endaweni yokugcwala kusabonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wezilwane angabona i-pyoderma (imvamisa, ayijuluki kakhulu) nabezindaba ze-otitis.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-hypothermia elinganiselayo, ukuqina kwezandla, ukuqina kwesisindo, kanye ne-dementia. Ukusuka ohlangothini lwesistimu yezinhliziyo, i-bradycardia, ukuthinta okubuthakathaka kokuqina kanye nokuthambekela kwe-apical kuvame ukutholakala. Izimpawu zokuzala zingokulandelayo:
- ukukhishwa kwamaprotheni futhi kunciphise i-libido ezintanjeni;
- ukungazali
- ukukhiqizwa kobisi okungekuhle ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa;
- ukuntuleka kwe-estrus (i-anestrus ephakeme) ngamalunga.
Izici zobungozi
Ukuxoshwa kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba okuba ne-hypothyroidism. Futhi, ubungozi bukhuphuka ngemuva kokususwa kwe-yegilo yegilo ekwelapheni i-hyperthyroidism.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo kanye negazi
Ezimweni ezingama-80%, kunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol ekusakazweni kwegazi, ukugcwala okukhulu kwama-triglycerides nomsebenzi owandisiwe we-creatinine kinase. Eholweni lamacala, kutholakala i-anemocytic anemia engalingani yamazinga aphansi.
Ukuqapha isiguli
Ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa, intuthuko empilweni yezilwane ibonwa ngezinsuku eziyi-7-16. Isimo sejazi nesikhumba sithuthuka ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Uma kungekho zinguquko ezinhle ezenzekile, udokotela wezilwane kufanele abukeze lesi sifo.
Ngesikhathi sokuqapha, okungukuthi emavikini e-8 wokwelashwa, udokotela uhlola i-serum concentration ye-T4. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-T4 egazini ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-L-thyroxine litholakala ngemuva kwamahora angama-4-8.
Kubalulekile ukuthi inkomba ngaphambi kokufakwa kwemali yayijwayelekile. Uma ngemuva kokuphathwa umuthi leli zinga lihlala lamukeleka, futhi ngaphambi kokuphathwa, ukuqoqwa kwemali bekuphansi, khona-ke imvamisa yokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kumele inyuswe.
Uma zombili izinkomba zehlisiwe, mhlawumbe lokhu kusho:
- umthamo ongafanele;
- umnikazi akawuphathi umuthi esilwaneni sakhe;
- malabsorption emathunjini;
- ukusetshenziswa komuthi osezingeni eliphansi (kuphelelwe isikhathi, kugcinwe ngokungafanele).
Amasosha omzimba ajikeleza kabi ku-T3 ne-T4 ajwayele ukuphazamisa ukubalwa okunembile kwamazinga ama-hormone. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wezilwane usebenzisa izici zomtholampilo ukunquma ukwenelekela kokwelashwa kanye nomthamo womuthi.
Izindlela zokuvimbela, izinkinga kanye nokuqagela
Ukuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukubheka ngezikhathi ezithile amazinga ama-hormone egilo ukuze kuvinjelwe isifo futhi. Ukwelapha impilo yonke.
Izinkinga zingenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-L-thyroxine:
- tachyarrhythmia;
- isimo sokuphumula;
- isifo sohudo
- i-polyuria;
- ukunciphisa umzimba
- polydipsia.
Kumakati amakhulu nezinja ezine-hypothyroidism eyinhloko ngokusebenzisa kahle ukwelashwa okuguquliwe, i-prognosis iyakhanya. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuphila sesilwane asinciphi.
Endabeni ye-tertiary noma ye-hypothyroidism yesibili, ukuvelela phambili akusemukeli, ngoba le ndlela yokusebenza ibonakaliswa ebuchosheni. Ngendlela yokuzalwa kwalesi sifo, i-prognosis nayo ayimnandi.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa lapho ingekho i-myxedema coma kuphelile. Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele komnikazi wesilwane, i-hypothyroidism ezinjeni nasemakati inesifo esihle. Futhi ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila sesiguli, ukusetjenziswa kwehomoni kuyasetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, ukudla okunamafutha aphezulu kufanele kugwenywe.
Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wesidakamizwa, ungahluka futhi ukhethiwe ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, ukutadisha okujwayelekile kwezinga le-hormone esegazini kuyisiqinisekiso sokutakula ngempumelelo nenkambo yalesi sifo. Ukuphendula komzimba ekwelashweni kwenzeka kancane kancane, ngakho-ke, ekuhlolweni okugcwele kwemiphumela, izinyanga ezintathu ziyadingeka.
Ngenxa umehluko obalulekile ezinqubweni ze-metabolic zabantu nezilwane, umthamo wama-hormone we-thyroid ezinjeni kanye namakati uhluka kakhulu.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-hypothyroidism akusetshenziswa.
Imithi ye-hypothyroidism
Ekwelapheni lesi sifo, kusetshenziswa i-levothyroxine sodium (L-thyroxine). Umthamo wokuqala ngu-0.02-0.04 mg / kg / ngosuku. Futhi, umthamo ubalwa ngokuya ngesisindo sesilwane noma sekati ngokususelwa emikhakheni yobuso bomzimba - i-0.5 mg nge-1 m2 ngosuku kumthamo womabili ohlukanisiwe.
Njengomthetho, ukuthola umbuso ozinzile, umuthi uthathwa cishe inyanga eyi-1.
Contraindication
Ayikho imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-levothyroxine sodium.
Izixwayiso
Isifo sikashukela ezinjeni noma emakati, noma izifo zenhliziyo - izifo lapho udinga ukunciphisa khona umthamo kusigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa ngenxa yokuncipha kokuqina kwezinqubo ze-metabolic. Futhi ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-L-thyroxine, udokotela wezilwane ubeka i-adrenocorticoids ezigulini ezine-hypoadrenocorticism (parallel).
Ukusebenzelana kwezidakamizwa
Ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwezidakamizwa okunciphisa inqubo yokubopha amaprotheni e-Whey (fentoin, salicylates, glucocorticoids) kudinga ushintsho kumthamo ojwayelekile we-L-thyroxine ekusebenziseni okuphakeme noma okuvame kakhulu kwezidakamizwa.
Ama-Analog
Ezinye izindlela zifaka i-triiodothyronine. Kodwa-ke, kunqunywa ngokungajwayelekile, ngoba umuthi unomthelela ekutholakaleni kwe-iatrogenic hyperthyroidism futhi une-half-life.
