I-Glycohemoglobin iyinkomba yegazi ene-biochemical ekhombisa izinga likashukela wegazi (glycemia) esikhathini esinikezwe. Lesi sikhombisi siyinhlanganisela ye-hemoglobin ne-glucose. Isikhombi sinquma inani le-hemoglobin esegazini, elixhunywe ngamangqamuzana kashukela.
Ukubona izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated kubalulekile kwabesifazane, ngoba ngenxa yalesi sikhombisi, isifo sikashukela singatholakala esigabeni sokuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwelashwa kuzoba ngesikhathi futhi kusebenza.
Futhi, ukuhlaziya ukuthola inkomba esegazini kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kokulashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Izinga linqunywa inani eliphelele le-hemoglobin ngamaphesenti.
(Hb A1)
I-hemoglobin ye-Glycated ivela ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwama-amino acid noshukela, yize ama-enzyme engabandakanyeki kule nqubo. Ngakho-ke, i-glucose ne-amino acid ziyahlangana, kwakheka inyunyana - i-glycohemoglobin.
Ijubane lalesi silinganiso kanye nenani le-glycated hemoglobin etholakala kunqunywa okuphakathi koshukela egazini ngesikhathi somsebenzi weseli ebomvu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinkomba: HLA1a, HLA1c, HLA1b.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngesifo esifana nesifo sikashukela, amazinga eglucose ayakhuphuka. Kulokhu, inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwama-glucose nama-molecule we-hemoglobin kwabesifazane ashesha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inkomba iyakhuphuka.
I-Glycated hemoglobin itholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi (amaseli abomvu egazi). Isikhathi sokuphila kwabo cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-120. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya ukuthola ukuthi ukuhlangana kwe-glycated hemoglobin kungakhombisa izinga le-glycemia isikhathi eside (cishe izinsuku ezingama-90).
Nakani! Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anemikhono emide, ngakho-ke agcina inkumbulo yenani le-hemoglobin ejoyine ushukela.
Kukho konke lokhu okungenhla, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: kungani isikhathi se-glycemia sinqunywa isikhathi sokuphila samangqamuzana abomvu egazi? Eqinisweni, iminyaka yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ingahluka, ngenxa yalezi zizathu, lapho behlaziya iminyaka yabo yokuphila, ochwepheshe basungula iminyaka eyi-60-90 yezinsuku kuphela.
Ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela
I-Glycosylated hemoglobin itholakala egazini labesifazane nabagulayo nabanempilo. Kodwa-ke, kuma-diabetes, inkomba yegazi ingakhuphuka, okusho ukuthi okujwayelekile kudlulwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3.
Lapho izinga elijwayelekile le-glucose egazini libuyiselwa, ukugcwala kwe-glycogemoglobin kuzoqala kabusha kungakapheli amasonto angama-4-6, ngenxa yalokho okujwayelekile kwako kuphinde kuzinze.
Ukuhlaziywa kwenkomba ekhulayo kusenza sikwazi ukubona ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokulashwa kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule.
Nakani! Uma inkomba inyuswa, ukuze kubuyelwe ukujwayelekile kwayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ushintsho ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo.
Kwabesifazane nabesilisa, inkomba nayo isetshenziswa njengophawu lwengozi olunquma imiphumela engaba khona yesifo. Lapho izinga le-glycogemoglobin egazini likhuphuka kakhulu, i-glycemia more izoba ezinsukwini ezingama-90 zokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ubungozi bezinkinga zesifo sikashukela banda kakhulu.
Kufakazelwe ukuthi ukwehla kwe-10% kuphela kusiza ekwehliseni amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela i-retinopathy (ubumpumputhe) cishe yi-50%.
I-Glucose test ehlukile
Namuhla, ukuthola isifo sikashukela, kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ukukala inani le-glucose esegazini futhi kuzokwenziwa ucwaningo lokubekezelela ushukela. Kepha noma kunjalo, amathuba wokungasitholi isifo sikashukela, noma ngabe kwenziwa lokho kuhlaziywa, asekhona.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukugxila kwe-glucose kuyinkomba engazinzile, ngoba isilinganiso soshukela singakhuphuka ngokuzumayo noma sinciphe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubungozi bokuthi lokho kuhlaziya kuzobe kungathembeki kusasekhona.
Futhi, ukuhlolwa kokubona ushukela egazini kukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sawo sehliswa noma sakhuphuka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa.
Isifundo se-index asisetshenziswa kaningi njengokuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlaziya kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kubiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hemoglobinopathy kanye ne-anemia ingahle iboniswe ekugxambeni kwenkomba, ngenxa yalokho umphumela wazo uzobe ungalungile.
Futhi, imiphumela yocwaningo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ezithinta isikhathi sokuphila kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ingahluka.
Nakani! Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukopha kungashintsha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycemic.
I-WHO incoma ngokuqinile ukuthatha isivivinyo se-glycemic hemoglobin sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela kufanele silinganise i-glycogemoglobin okungenani amahlandla ama-3 ngenyanga.
Izindlela zokulinganisa i-glycogemoglobin
Izinga le-glycosylated hemoglobin lingahluka ngokuya ngezindlela ezisetshenziswa ilabhorethri ethile. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kwenziwa kangcono esikhungweni esisodwa ukuze imiphumela inembe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Nakani! Igazi lokufunda izinga le-glycogemoglobin kumele lithathwe esiswini esingenalutho futhi kungathandeki ukwenza isivivinyo ngemuva kokumpontshelwa igazi nokopha.
Amanani
Imvelo ye-glycogemoglobin ingu-4.5-6.5% we-hemoglobin ephelele. I-hemoglobin ephakeme ingabonakala:
- ukuntuleka kwensimbi;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus.
I-HbA1, eqala ku-5.5% futhi inyuke yaba ngu-7%, ikhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela (uhlobo 2).
I-HbA1 eqala ku-6.5 futhi ikhuphuka ibe ngu-6.9% ingakhombisa amathuba esifo sikashukela, yize ukuhlolwa kweglucose kungaba yinto evamile.
Amazinga we-glycogemoglobin aphansi anikela ku:
- ukumpompela igazi noma ukopha;
- i-hemolytic anemia;
- hypoglycemia
