I-Hyperglycemia yisimo se-pathological esihlotshaniswa nohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. I-Hyperglycemia ibonakala ngokwanda okukhulu koshukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, itholakala nakwezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine.
I-Hyperglycemia ihlukaniswe ngombandela ngesilinganiso sokubonakala kwayo:
- Easy. Uma izinga likashukela emzimbeni lingadluli i-10 mmol / l, sikhuluma nge-hyperglycemia emnene.
- Elinganiselayo Ngefomu elijwayelekile, le nkomba isukela ku-10 kuye ku-16 mmol / L.
- Isindayo. I-hyperglycemia enkulu ibonakala ngokugxuma kwamazinga kashukela angaphezu kuka-16 mmol / L.
Uma izinga likashukela likhuphuka ngenhla kwe-16.5 mmol / L, kunengozi enkulu ye-precoma ngisho ne-coma.
Umuntu onesifo sikashukela unezinhlobo ezimbili ze-hyperglycemia:
- lapho ukudla kungangeni emzimbeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-8, izinga likashukela okuyi-serum yegazi likhuphukela ku-7 mmol / l. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-hyperglycemia esheshayo;
- I-postprandial hyperglycemia yilapho, ngemuva kokudla ukudla, ushukela wegazi ukhuphukela ku-10 mmol / l noma ngaphezulu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kwezokwelapha kunezimo lapho iziguli ezingenaso isifo sikashukela zibona ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga likashukela (kufika ku-10 mmol / l) ngemuva kokudla isamba esikhulu sokudla! Izimo ezinjengalezi zibonisa amathuba okuba nohlobo oluzimele lukashukela.
Izimbangela ze-Hyperglycemia
I-hormone ebizwa nge-insulin inomthelela oshukela wegazi. Amaseli we-pancreatic beta ayabandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni kwawo. Uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin endlebeni kuyancipha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa ye-apoptosis noma i-necrosis yama-cell akhiqiza amangqamuzana abangelwa ukuvuvukala okukhiqizayo.
Ungathola okuningi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-insulin emakhasini esayithi lethu, imininingwane iyajabulisa kakhulu.
Isigaba sokubonakaliswa kwe-hyperglycemia senzeka ngesikhathi lapho ama-beta angaphezu kwama-80% efa. Ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukutholakala kwezicubu zethoni kukhubazekile. Bayayeka “ukuqaphela” i-insulin nezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia ziyaqala.
Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokukhiqizwa okwanele kwehomoni, ayihambelani nomsebenzi owabelwe wona. Ngenxa yalokho, ukumelana ne-insulin kuqala, kulandelwa yi-hyperglycemia.
I-Hyperglycemia ingabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene:
- ukudla ukudla okuningi;
- ukudla ukudla okune-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi noma elula;
- ukudla ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi;
- ngokweqile ngokwengqondo-ngokomzwelo.
Kubalulekile ukuhola impilo efanele. Ukucindezela okukhulu ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba kungadala i-hyperglycemia!
I-Hyperglycemic syndrome ingakhula ngenxa yamagciwane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma inqubo engapheli yokwelapha. Musa ukweqa imijovo ye-insulin noma ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Ungadli ukudla okwenqatshelwe udokotela wakho noma wephule indlela yokudla.
Izimpawu ze-Hyperglycemia
Uma i-hyperglycemia itholwa ngesikhathi, lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela emibi. Ukoma okungaguquki, lolu uphawu lokuqala okufanele luhehe ukunakwa. Lapho amazinga kashukela enyuka, umuntu uhlala womile. Ngasikhathi sinye, angaphuza amalitha ayi-6 uketshezi ngosuku.
Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lokuchama kwansuku zonke landa kaningana. Ukukhuphukela ku-10 mmol / l nangaphezulu, i-glucose iyakhishwa umchamo, ngakho-ke umsizi welebhu uzowuthola lapho ehlaziya isiguli.
Kepha ngaphezu kwenqwaba yamanzi, kuye kukhishwe ama-ion amaningi ewusizo kasawoti emzimbeni. Lokhu, futhi, kugcwele:
- ukukhathala okungapheli, nokungahambisani;
- umlomo owomile;
- ikhanda elide isikhathi eside;
- ukulunywa kanzima kwesikhumba;
- ukwehla kwesisindo esibalulekile (kufika kumakhilogremu ambalwa);
- ukwehluleka
- ukubanda kwezandla nezinyawo;
- ukuncipha kokuzwela kwesikhumba;
- ukonakala kwe-visual acuity.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba khona ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile, okufana nesifo sohudo nokuqunjelwa.
Uma kwinqubo ye-hyperglycemia kunokuqongelela okukhulu emzimbeni wemizimba ye-ketone, kune-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela ne-ketonuria. Zombili lezi zimo zingadala i-ketoacidotic coma.
Ingane inoshukela omningi
I-Hyperglycemia ezinganeni ikhona ezinhlotsheni eziningana. Kepha umehluko omkhulu luhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ngokuyisisekelo, odokotela baxilonga uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela (i-insulin-Independent) ezigulini ezisebasha.
Eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, inkinga yesifo sikashukela sabantwana isiya ngokuya isebenza. Emazweni athuthukile, inani lezifo ezisanda kutholakala zokugula phakathi kwezingane liyanda kakhulu.
Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthambekela kokukhuphuka kwamacala wokungeniswa kwezingane nentsha esibhedlela ngemiphumela emibi ye-hyperglycemia. Izimo ezinjalo ezimweni eziningi zivela ngenxa ye-hyperglycemia engatholakalanga.
Izimo ezinjalo ngokuvamile zivele ngokuzumayo futhi zikhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Inhlala-kahle yengane ingahlala iwohloka. Imvamisa, i-pathology iba khona kulezo zingane engaqeqeshwa ngabazali bayo ngendlela yokuphila efanelekile.
Imindeni enjalo ayinakunaka ukukhuliswa kwengane, ukukhula kwayo ngokomzimba, umbuso womsebenzi nokuphumula, nokudla okulinganiselayo. Lezi zinto ziyimbangela eyinhloko yokwanda kwe-hyperglycemia ebusheni nasebuntwaneni.
Ososayensi, kanye nodokotela, benza inqwaba yezifundo zesayensi, ngenxa yalokho kwavela ukuthi i-hyperglycemia ezimweni eziningi iyaqhubeka ezinganeni zasemadolobheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abahlali be-megacities basebenza kakhulu.
I-Hyperglycemia ezikhungweni zasenkulisa kanye nasezinganeni eziyinhloko nazo zingakhula ngenxa yokucindezela ngokweqile komzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo.
Indima ethile lapho kwenzeka khona i-hyperglycemia inikezwa ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokugaya ukudla kumanyikwe engane. Lapha, ukudla okune-hyperglycemia kungasiza kakhulu.
Kunezizathu eziningi nezimfuneko zokuthuthuka kwenqubo ye-pathological ezinganeni. Okokuqala nje kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwe-organic metabolic. Njengoba sikhula isifo sikashukela, izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia ziba nesimilo futhi zikhanye ngokwengeziwe.
Ekuqaleni, lesi simo singamiswa ngaphandle kwamathonya angokomzimba nemithi - ngokwayo. Kepha njengoba sikhula isifo sikashukela, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nzima futhi kube nzima futhi, ekugcineni, kube nzima.
I-Hyperglycemia ingabangelwa ukuncipha kokudla kwe-insulin egazini, ukuvimbela umsebenzi we-hormone noma ukuthuthukiswa kwemfihlo esezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa:
- izifo ezikhunta noma ezithathelwanayo (ikakhulukazi ngenkambo ende);
- usizi olukhulu ngokomzwelo;
- kusebenze kwezinqubo ze-autoimmune eziqala ngokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Iningi lezingane ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 azihluphi ngokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, ngoba asilona ulaka kakhulu, futhi izingane ezinjalo azitholi i-insulin therapy (ehluke kakhulu kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1).
