I-insulin emfushane yomuntu iqala umsebenzi wayo imizuzu engama-30-45 ngemuva kokuthi ingeniswe emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo zanamuhla ezifushane kakhulu ezifushane ze-insulin, ezisebenza ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-insulin yabantu: i-Apidra, iNovo-Rapid neHumalog. Lezi zifaniso ze-insulin yemvelo, ngenxa yefomula ephuculwe kakhulu, ziyakwazi ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokungena kweziguli onesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Yini i-insulin yokufakelwa
I-insulin yokwakha yenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqeda i-spikes kushukela okubangelwa ukwephulwa kokudla okuqinile komuntu ohluphekile. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, akunakwenzeka ukukwenza ngamaphesenti ayi-100, ngoba uma usebenzisa ukudla okwenqatshelwe onesifo sikashukela, ushukela wegazi ungakhuphukela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezinhlobo eziguqulwe ushukela, ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi akunakugwenywa, ngoba ukwanda okunjalo koshukela wegazi kuthinta kakhulu isithombe sonke sesifundo sesifundo.
I-Ultrashort insulin isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ushukela ngokushesha ngokwejwayelekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambi kokudla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ezimweni lapho isifo sikashukela sikhuphuka ushukela ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.
Udokotela unquma iziguli zohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 zesifo sikashukela ngokuzibamba okuphelele kwezinga likashukela wegazi. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe okungenani isonto futhi kungalesi sikhathi kuphela lapho kuzokwazi ukunquma ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwe-insulin oludingayo ukulujova, umthamo walo futhi ngasiphi isikhathi. Akunakwenzeka ukuncoma uhlelo lwendawo yonke, ngoba esimweni ngasinye luzoba ngafani nolunye.
Ngabe ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kusebenza kanjani?
Uma sikhuluma ngenguqulo emfushane kakhulu ye-insulin, khona-ke isebenza kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba umzimba ogulayo uqale uguqule amaprotheni abe glucose wegazi. Ngalesi sizathu, labo bantu abalandela ukudla okunama-carbohydrate asezingeni eliphansi nangendlela ehlelekile bangasebenzisa i-insulin ejwayelekile ngaphambi kokudla.
Kuzodingeka ukuthi kungeniswe emzimbeni cishe imizuzu engama-45 ngaphambi kokudla. Isikhathi asikhonjwanga ncamashi, ngoba isiguli ngasinye kumele, ngesivivinyo nangephutha, sithole isikhathi esifanele somjovo onjalo. I-insulin yomuntu izosebenza amahora angama-5, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho konke ukudla kugaywayo futhi neglucose ingena egazini.
Ngokuqondene ne-insulin eguqulwayo ye-ultrashort, kuyadingeka ezimweni zokwenza majeure ukunciphisa ngokushesha ushukela esigulini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba emazingeni ayo aphakeme kunamathuba amabi wokuphazamiseka kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokwanda kwezimpawu zaso. Ngalesi sizathu, akunqweneleki ukusebenzisa i-insulin ejwayelekile yomuntu.
Chaza amaphuzu athile:
- Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 futhi ushukela wegazi labo kungenzeka wehle wedwa, asikho isidingo sokujova i-insulin ukuze wehlise ushukela wegazi.
- Noma ulandela izincomo zikadokotela eziphathelene nenani lama-carbohydrate asetshenzisiwe, ukunikezwa kwe-anulinue yomuntu kungahle kube usizo. Uma ushukela wagxuma kungazelelwe, khona-ke i-insulin efushane efushane iyonciphisa kaningi ngokushesha. Lokhu kulandela lokhu ukuthi izinkinga zenkambo yesifo sikashukela ngeke zikwazi ukuqala ukusebenza kwazo.
- Kwezinye izimo, awukwazi ukulandela umthetho wokulinda imizuzu engama-45 ngaphambi kokudla ukudla, noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyinto ngaphandle kwalokho.
Kufanele ukhumbule njalo ukuthi i-insulin ye-ultrashort inamandla izikhathi eziningi kunemifushane. Ekhuluma ngezinombolo, i-1 Humalog insulin unit izokwazi ukunciphisa ushukela we-glucose izikhathi ezi-2,5 ngokushesha kuneyunithi eli-1 le-insulin ejwayelekile.
Eminye imikhiqizo inikeza i-insulin efushane kakhulu "i-Apidra" ne "Novo-Rapid" - ikushesha izikhathi eziyi-1.5. Lezi zibalo azikwazi ukuthathwa njengokuphelele, ngoba lesi silinganiso silinganiselwa. Yazi ngokunembile lesi sibalo kungenzeka kuphela ekusebenzeni esimweni ngasinye. Okufanayo kusebenza kumithamo ye-ultrashort insulin. Kungancipha kakhulu kunokulingana ne-insulin ejwayelekile emfushane.
Uma siqhathanisa uHumalog, i-Apidra neNovo-Rapid, khona-ke isidakamizwa sokuqala esiwina ngesivinini sokusebenza cishe kwabahlanu.
Izinzuzo eziphambili kanye nokubi kwe-insulin
Ucwaningo oluningi lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-insulin lungaba nazo zombili izinzuzo nezinzuzo ezinkulu.
Uma sikhuluma nge-insulin emfushane yomuntu, khona-ke inani eliphakeme lomphumela waso egazini likashukela lihamba kamuva kunangesikhathi lifakwa inketho ye-ultrashort, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokuhlushwa kwalo lehla ngokushesha okukhulu, kanti ne-insulin ephansi egazini ayinakushintsha.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Humalog inenqaku eliphakeme elibukhali, kunzima kakhulu ukulinganisela kufanelekile inani eliqondile lalawo carbohydrate angaqedwa ukuze izinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli lihlale lisesimweni esejwayelekile. Umphumela obushelelezi we-insulin emfushane unomthelela ekutholeni kahle kwezinto ezibalulekile kusuka ekudleni, ngokuya ngokugcinwa okuphelele kokudla okukhethekile ukulawula amazinga kashukela.
Uma sibheka lolu daba ngakolunye uhlangothi, khona-ke sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokudla kuyinkinga impela ukulinda imizuzu engama-45 ukuthola i-insulin emfushane ukuze iqale isenzo sayo. Uma le nuance ingabhekwa, khona-ke ushukela osegazini uzokhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunokuthile okulimile kuzoqala ukusebenza.
I-Synthetic hormone inganciphisa i-insulin imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngemuva komjovo wayo. Lokhu-ke, kulula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isidlo singathathwanga ngokohlelo oluthile.
Uma ulandela ukudla, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-insulin emfushane ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kwasemini noma isidlo sakusihlwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuhlukahluka okufushane kwe-insulin esitokisini ngenxa yezimo ezingalindelekile, isiguli kufanele sazi nokuthi singawufaka kuphi insulin.
Empilweni yangempela, kuvela ukuthi i-insulin yomuntu emfushane isebenza ngokuzinza kakhulu kune-ultrashort. Lokhu kokugcina kungenzeka kube okucatshangelwe kancane, noma ngabe kusetshenziswa imithamo emincane kakhulu, ingasaphathwa eyezimo lapho iziguli zizifaka ngokwanele emthanjeni wento ethile.
Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-insulin ethuthukisiwe inamandla izikhathi eziningana kunokomuntu. Isibonelo, umthamo owodwa weHumaloga cishe ingxenye yesine yomthamo we-insulin emfushane, kanti umthamo owodwa we-Apidra neNovo-Rapida ucishe ube ngu-2/3. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zibalo zilinganiselwa kuphela, futhi ukucolisiswa kwazo kungenzeka kuphela ngokuhlolwa.
Kunezinye iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezinokufakwa kwe-insulin emfushane isikhathi eside. Lesi sikhathi sinokwehluka kusuka kumaminithi angama-60 kuya kwamahora ayi-1.5. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyinkinga impela ukudla ukudla okunethezekile. Ezigulini ezinjalo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-insulin eshesha kakhulu ye-ultrashort Humalog, noma kunjalo, amacala anjalo okuvezwa isikhathi eside awajwayelekile.
