Ukuskena kwe-ultrasound luhlobo lweskena olungasetshenziswa ukubuka isitho.
Njengomthetho, i-ultrasound of pancreas ayabekwa yodwa, kepha kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu lwazo zonke izitho zesibeletho esiswini: amathumbu, amabala, isigaxa senyongo nesibindi, amanyikwe.
Ukwenza i-ultrasound yamanyikwe, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kahle, ngoba ngesisu esigcwele namathumbu, lezi zitho zomzimba ngeke zihlolwe.
Izinkomba ze-ultrasound yamanyikwe
- i-pancreatitis eyingozi noma engalapheki;
- ama-neoplasms nama-cysts;
- i-pancreatic necrosis - ukubhujiswa kwe-necrotic kwesitho;
- izifo zesifunda se-pancreatoduodenal - i-jaundice evimbayo, i-papillitis, i-duodenitis, i-cholelithiasis, umdlavuza wengono yeVater;
- ukulimala kobuhlungu emgodini wesisu;
- ukungenelela okuhleliwe kokuhlinzwa;
- izifo zokugaya ukudla.
Ukulungiselela i-Ultrasound
Inqubo ye-Ultra ye-pancreas yenziwa kuphela esiswini esingenalutho futhi ukuze uyilungiselele kahle, izincomo ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:
- Ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kwe-ultrasound yamanyikwe, yiya ekudleni okukulondolozayo.
- Isikhathi sokugcina ungadla ubusuku obudlule ngamahora ayisithupha.
- Kusihlwa nasekuseni ngaphambi kwenqubo, ungaphuza ithebhulethi engu-1 ye-Espumisan ukuze unciphise ukwakheka kwegesi emathunjini futhi uthuthukise ukubonwa kwesitho, ngoba indle nokuba khona kwamagesi akuvumeli ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwama-pancreas.
- Ukuhlolwa, udinga ukuthatha ithawula elincane kanye ne-diaper kanye nawe. I-diaper izodinga ukufakwa embhedeni bese ilala phezu kwayo, bese isula ijeli ngethawula ekugcineni kwenqubo.
- Ukulungiselela i-pancreatic ultrasound kubandakanya inqubo yasekuseni, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho kunconywa ukuphuza ingilazi yamanzi usebenzisa ishubhu ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuhlola isitho.
Ama-pancreas ngokuvamile anosayizi abalandelayo:
- ubude cishe 14-18 cm;
- ububanzi kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-9 cm;
- ubukhulu obukhulu bungama-2 - 3 cm.
Kumuntu osemdala, ama-pancreas ngokuvamile anesisindo esingama-80 amagremu.
Inqubo
Isiguli sidinga ukulala embhedeni ngqo emhlane wakhe futhi sisuse izingubo esiswini. Ngezinye izikhathi i-ultrasound enjalo yamanyikwe ibamba isisu. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela ufaka ijeli ekhethekile esikhunjeni bese ubeka inzwa endaweni ethile ukuze ibone ama-pancreas.
Okokuqala, isifundo siqala lapho isiguli silala emhlane wakhe, bese kudingeka ukuthatha ezinye izikhundla.
Ukuze ubuke kangcono umsila wesitho, isiguli kufanele siphendukele ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Kulesi sikhundla, i-bubble yegesi yesisu iqhubekela ku-pylorus. Inzwa ifakiwe esifundeni se-quadrant ephezulu kwesokunxele, icindezela kancane kuyo.
Ngokwesikhundla sokuhlala komuntu, ungangena emzimbeni nasekhanda lesibeletho, ngoba kunokudluliswa okuncane kwesisu kanye nomnxele wesibindi wesibindi.
Lapho benza i-ultrasound, odokotela basebenzisa ama-sonographic landmarks (ama-mesenteric artery, low vena cava nabanye) ukubona ngeso lokhozi ama-pancreas, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukucubungula kunembe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlola ubukhulu besitho, kusetshenziswa uhlelo olukhethekile. Ngokwesisekelo sedatha etholakele, isiphetho sibhalwe ngombhalo onemininingwane, noma ngabe ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi konke kuvamile.
Amanye amadivaysi akuvumela ukuthi uthathe isithombe sezinguquko, ulungise usayizi wendlala, obaluleke kakhulu lapho uhlela ukusebenza noma ukubhoboza, futhi futhi ucabanga ukuthi ukuwohloka kuzonemba. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa luphephile ngokuphelele futhi alunabuhlungu, isiguli sizwa kuphela ingcindezi ebuthakathaka kwezinye izindawo kanye nokunyakaza kwenzwa esikhumbeni.
Yini engabonakala kwi-ultrasound enezinto ezijwayelekile nezingajwayelekile
Ukuguqulwa kwesimo esejwayelekile.
Amasayizi we-Echo gland angahluka ngokuya ngesisindo somuntu kanye nenani lamafutha abuyisanayo. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, kukhona ukwehla kwesitho ngokunyuka kwama-echogenicity.
Ukuwohloka kobukhulu obujwayelekile bendlala (noma ubukhulu be-anteroposterior):
- ubude bekhanda ngaphakathi kuka-2,5 - 3,5 cm;
- ubude bomzimba 1.75 - 2,5 cm;
- ubude bomsila kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-3.5 cm.
I-Wirsung duct ye-gland (maphakathi) ifana ne-tube elincanyana ubukhulu bayo bungama-2 mm ububanzi ngokuncipha kwe-echogenicity. Ububanzi bedayi eminyangweni ehlukene bunghluka, ngokwesibonelo, emsileni bungama-0,3 mm, kanti ekhanda lingafinyelela amamayela amathathu.
I-echogenicity ye-gland iyafana naleso sesibindi, kuyilapho ezinganeni kuvame ukuncishiswa, futhi kuma-50% abantu abadala ingakhuphuka ngokujwayelekile. I-pancreas enempilo inesakhiwo esifanayo, futhi iminyango yayo ingabonakala ngamehlo ngokuya ngokulungiselela.
Ukwephula okungenzeka
Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-gland esithombeni se-Ultra zibukeka njengezinguquko ezigxile noma eziphazamisayo esakhiweni. Ngenxa ye-edema, ubukhulu besitho buyakhuphuka, nobubanzi bendawo buyakhuphuka.
Ubuningi be-gland buyancipha, futhi imibhede iba yimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekuphetheni, udokotela ohlolayo ubhala athi: shintsha izinguquko kumanyikwe. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yokufunda nezikhalazo zesiguli, udokotela oholayo uzokuthola i-pancreatitis.
I-pancreatitis ye-acute ingaholela enkingeni enkulu njengokuqanjwa kwama-cysts kanye ne-foci ye-necrosis, okuzothi esikhathini esizayo ibangele i-pancreatic necrosis - ukuncibilika ngokuphelele kwezicubu zesitho. Izindawo ze-Necrotic zinobukhulu obuphansi kakhulu be-echo kanye nemigwaqo engapheli.
Isigaxa se-pancreas (ithumba) - siyisigcawu esibuhlungu esigcwaliswe uketshezi olunamandla kanye nabahlengi bezikhathi. Ngokushintshwa kwesikhundla somzimba, izinga lamanzi nalo liyashintsha.
Ama-pseudocysts ekubukeni kwamehlo abukeka njengezintambo ezingezona ze-echogenic eziqukethe uketshezi.
Nge-pancreatic necrosis, kunenqwaba yama-abscesses ezicutshini zesithambo esidlala ndawonye ukuze kwakheke imithambo emikhulu egcwele amasisi we-purulent, ngeshwa, nokufa kusuka kwi-pancreatic necrosis kungumphumela ovamile kakhulu wale ngqinamba.
Ama-tumor neoplasms abonwa njengezinto eziyindilinga noma ezi-oval ezinesakhiwo esinamandla futhi zinciphisiwe i-echogenicity, zibukeka kahle. Uma i-oncology isolwa, wonke ama-pancreas adinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela, ngoba imvamisa umdlavuza ukhula emsileni, okunzima ukuwuhlola.
Uma ikhanda lesitho lithintekile, khona-ke kuvela i-jaundice, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhululeka kwamahhala kwe-bile ku-lumen ye-duodenum kukhubazekile. Udokotela angakwazi ukubona uhlobo lwesimila ngezinye izici ezikhonjwe yi-ultrasound.
