I-insulin yi-hormone yesimo se-peptidic ekhiqizwa amaseli we-pancreatic beta. Umsebenzi wayo ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Le nto inomphumela obizwa ngokuthi yi-anabolic, ngenxa yokuthi isetshenziswa ekwakheni umzimba. Kepha ngaphandle kwesenzo esinjalo, i-insulin nayo inomphumela olwa ne-catabolic, ngoba isebenza ngama-enzyme e-glycolysis, ivuselela ukwakheka kwe-glycogen kusuka kushukela emisipha nasezibindini, futhi iphinde ithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni namafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le hormone inganciphisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme akhuthaza ukuwohloka kwamafutha ne-glycogen. Lokhu kungumphumela wakhona wokulwa ne-catabolitic.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kubaqalayo, i-insulin kwezemidlalo ayifaneleki impela, ngoba iyisidakamizwa esinamandla kakhulu futhi esibucayi. Uma sisetshenziswa abangafundile, singalimaza umzimba size siholele ekufeni.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-insulin ukuthi yi-hormone yezokuthutha, okungukuthi, iletha izakhi zomzimba emangqamuzaneni. Okokuqala, sikhuluma nge-glucose (ama-carbohydrate), kodwa futhi nama-amino acid (amaprotheni) nama-triglycerides (amafutha) ancike emsebenzini wale nto. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi uyini umsebenzi we-insulin, kuzodingeka uthathe isinqumo sokuthi lawo maqembu amathathu angenhla angenhla ahlanganisani.
Ukudluliswa kwama-carbohydrate yi-insulin kuholela ekwandeni kwezinqubo zamandla, ukuhanjiswa kwamaprotheni kuholela ekukhuleni kwemisipha, kanye namafutha ekukhuleni kwamafutha. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kuba sobala ukuthi i-insulin ingumsizi wazo zombili inzuzo yemisipha kanye nokukhuluphala kwamafutha. Yimuphi umphumela ozoba khona kuncike ezicini ezimbili:
- - Ukudla - amaprotheni amaningi aqukethe amaprotheni kanye nama-carbohydrate amancane, okungcono;
- - Izakhi zofuzo - inquma uhlobo lomzimba. Lapho umuntu enamafutha amaningi, i-insulin eyingozi kakhulu izoba ngeyakhe.
Ekwakhiweni komzimba, i-insulin iyakwazi ukuhambisa konke, kepha ukugcizelelwa kungabekwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: kungaba indlela ye-anabolism, okungukuthi, ukukhula komsipha, noma ukwanda kwamafutha amaningi kuzoba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukufeza inhloso eyodwa, ushiye ngokuphelele enye indlela. Kunoma ikuphi, ukukhuluphala kwamafutha nokukhula kwemisipha kuzokwenzeka.
Uma umuntu eyi-ectomorph ngokwemvelo (enamathambo amancane namafutha aphansi), khona-ke i-insulin izomsiza ngaphezu kokulimaza, ngoba ukumelana kwakhe ne-insulin kuncishisiwe. Uma umuntu ene-endomorph (enesisu, eqongelela kalula amanoni, enamathambo aminyene), khona-ke une-high insulin ukumelana, okusho ukuthi akunangqondo ukuyisebenzisa.
Imiphumela ye-insulin
Le hormone inomphumela oguquguqukayo, kepha izindawo eziyinhloko ziyimiphumela ye-anabolic ne-anti-catabolic, kanye nomsebenzi we-metabolic.
Umphumela we-Anabolic
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-insulin, amangqamuzana emisipha aqala ukumunca ngokunzulu amino acid, ikakhulukazi i-leucine ne-valine. Kukhona futhi ukwanda kokuphindwaphindwa kwe-DNA kanye ne-protein biosynthesis, ukungena kwe-magnesium, potassium ne-phosphate ion kumaseli kuyenziwa, kumiswe ama-acid anamafutha kanye nokwenziwa kwawo okuthe xaxa kwezicubu ze-adipose nesibindi kuyasheshiswa. I-insulin futhi ifaka ukuguqulwa kwe-glucose ku-triglycerides. Uma le hormone inganele, khona-ke lapho kuhlanganiswa ukugcotshwa kwamafutha kuqala.
Umphumela we-anti-catabolic
I-insulin inciphisa ukuqhekeka kwamaprotheni ngokwenqabela i-hydrolysis yawo, futhi kunciphisa nokuthuthwa kwamafutha acid ukungena egazini (kwenza buthaka lipolysis).
Umphumela we-Metabolic
I-insulin ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-enzymes eyinhloko ye-glycolysis, ithuthukisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose ngamaseli emisipha, isheshise ukwakheka kwe-glycogen nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe, futhi futhi kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-glucose esibindini (gluconeogeneis).
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ekwakheni umzimba
I-insulin yokwakha umzimba ifushane kakhulu, imfishane futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ekwakheni umzimba, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala.
Isikhashana se-insulin. Isenzo salolu hlobo lwe-hormone siqala imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokuphathwa kobuhlakani. Umjovo kufanele wenziwe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Umphumela omkhulu uqala amahora amabili ngemuva komjovo futhi unyamalale ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamahora amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha.
I-Ultrashort insulin iqala ukwenza cishe ngokushesha, ngemuva kwemizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, inani eliphakeme lesenzo libuye livela ngemuva kwamahora amabili, bese i-hormone ikhishwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu ngemuva kwamahora amathathu kuya kwamane. Lolu hlobo lomuthi lungathathwa masinyane ngaphambi kokudla (imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwengama-5) noma ngokuthathwa ngqo ngemuva kokudla.
Izinzuzo kanye Cons Cons of Insulin
Izinzuzo zingokulandelayo:
- - Izindleko ezingabizi zesifundo;
- - Ikhwalithi ephezulu eqinisekisiwe (i-insulin, ngokungafani ne-anabolic steroid, empeleni ayiyona inkohliso);
- - Ukuthenga okulula, ungathenga ngokuphepha ekhemisi;
- - inomphumela obizelwe nge-anabolic;
- - amathuba amancane emiphumela emibi;
- - ayikho imiphumela evela kuhlelo lokusebenza;
- - ukubuyiselwa emuva okunobumnene;
- - Ukwabelana okungenzeka ngama-steroid nezinye izinto;
- - ayinamphumela we-androgenic emzimbeni;
- - Awukho umphumela onobuthi ezinso nasezibindini, futhi futhi azikho izinkinga ngomsebenzi wesilisa owesilisa.
Ukushoda kwe-insulin kungabonakala ngamaphuzu amathathu:
- - kungadala i-hypoglycemia;
- - phakathi nesifundo, isisindo samafutha sikhuphuka kakhulu;
- - uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lomjovo.
Umphumela wecala
Ukwehla kweshukela egazini, okubonakaliswa ukujuluka, izandla nezinyawo ziqala ukuthuthumela, ukwazi ukuthi kunamafu, kuba nobunzima ngokujwayela komuntu osendaweni kanye nokuxhumana kokunyakaza, kuvela imizwa enamandla yendlala. Kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuthuthukiswa i-hypoglycemia ngokushesha ukuphuza i-glucose nganoma yiluphi uhlobo noma ukudla okuthile okumnandi ukuvimbela imiphumela eyengeziwe, futhi kusilethele ezingeni elifunekayo le-glucose egazini, okujwayelekile emadodeni kufanele kugcinwe njalo.
Ukulunywa kungenzeka endaweni yomjovo.
Ukuphendula komzimba kuyivelakancane kakhulu, kepha kusengenzeka kwabanye abantu.
Kwehlisiwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngama-pancreas. Lokhu kungaba kulabo abasubathi abebesebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi bazibekela imithamo emikhulu. Futhi, izinhlobo ezinde ze-insulin (isb. Protafan) zingaba nalomphumela.
Inkambo ye-insulin
Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa sisuka enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezimbili, ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuthatha ikhefu. Ukuhambisana nalo mthetho kubalulekile ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ngokwakho ukugcinwa kwe-insulin. Ngesikhathi sesifundo, iqoqo lemisipha lisuka ku-5 liye ku-10 kg.
Kunconywa imithamo emikhulu. Ukuze ungalimazi impilo yakho, kubalulekile ukuqala uhlelo lokusebenza ngemithamo emincane bese ufaka amayunithi amabili ngokunqenqema. Kancane kancane, umthamo ungalethwa kumayunithi angama-15 - 20, inani elikhudlwana alinconywa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela umthetho wemithamo emincane, awukwazi ukungena ngokushesha, ngokwesibonelo, amayunithi ama-5 noma ayi-10, futhi esimisweni esilandelayo sokuqeqesha masinyane sandisa inani le-insulin kumayunithi angama-20. Kunconywa ukuthi usasebenzisa ama-insulin ama-insulin kulokhu. Ukwenza lokhu akuvumelekile, ngoba kuyingozi empilweni.
Omunye umgomo odinga ukujongwa ngokuqinile: akunandaba ukuthi ngubani okushoyo, umuntu angeke adlulele ngale komthamo wamayunithi angama-20. Abanye bathi akukho lutho olubi oluzokwenzeka, noma ngabe ujova amayunithi angama-50 omuthi, kepha empeleni, kulokhu, imiphumela yomzimba ingaba mibi kakhulu.
Imijovo yenziwa kangcono zonke izinsuku, yize kunezindlela zokujova nsuku zonke, futhi abanye abantu basebenzise i-insulin noma kabili ngosuku, nayo iyanconywa. Kepha kulokhu, isifundo kufanele sinciphiselwe ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Lapho usebenzisa umuthi kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, isikhathi sokusebenzisa singaba izinyanga ezimbili.
Kuhle ukujova i-insulin ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, bese udla okuningi. Kungukusetshenziswa kwe-hormone lokhu okunesizathu sokuthi i-insulin ine-anti-catabolic effect, okusho ukuthi iyakwazi ukuvimba izinqubo ze-catabolism ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Kukhona futhi ezinye izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokusebenzisa i-insulin ngemuva kokudlala imidlalo: lapho uziqeqesha ngokuphakamisa izinsimbi, kunokuncipha ngokomzimba ngokomqondo wokuxineka kweglucose egazini (ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakhulu amandla kagesi). Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kusuka ngaphandle kuholela ekubonakala kwe-hypoglycemia.
Le miphumela emibili igqagqene futhi iholele ekukhishweni okusebenzayo kwe-hormone yokukhula ukungena egazini. Ngezinye izikhathi zosuku, akuhambi kahle ukuphatha i-insulin, kepha uma ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeka zonke ezinye izinsuku, kunengqondo ukunikela ngomjovo ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla ngalezozinsuku lapho kungekho zifundo. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokufishane (ngokwesibonelo, i-actrapid) futhi uthathe ukudla isigamu sehora ngemuva komjovo. Ngezinsuku zokuqeqesha, i-insulin ilawulwa kuphela ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwamakilasi.
