Amanye amaprotheni egazini lethu asesimweni sikashukela, esenziwe ngo-glycated. Lapho likhuphuka izinga likashukela nsuku zonke, likhulu inani lamaprotheni ahlangabezana nalo. Ukuhlola ubungako besinxephezelo sikashukela, ukuthola ubungozi balesi sifo, ungasebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwe-fructosamine.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi lolu cwaningo alunqunyelwe kakhulu, lufundisile impela, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi kukhethwa ukwelashwa okusha. Izinga le-fructosamine lingasetshenziswa ukubala ushukela ojwayelekile emasontweni ambalwa edlule futhi babikezele inani elilinganiselwe le-hemoglobin ye-glycated kulo. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuhlaziya kuyindlela kuphela yokuthola ukunyuka kushukela kusengakabonakali.
I-Fructosamine - kuyini?
I-serum iqukethe iprotheni yesakhiwo esilula - i-albhamuin. Inani eliphelele lamaprotheni, isabelo salo singama-52-68%. Inamamolekyuli amancane futhi inekhono elihle lokubopha. Ngenxa yalokhu, angakwazi ukuthutha ama-bilirubin, amafutha e-acid, amanye ama-hormone nezidakamizwa ngemikhumbi. I-Albumin iyakwazi ukuphendula nge-glucose. I-Fructosamine ingumphumela wokusabela okunjalo. I-Glycation iqhubeka ngokushesha lapho kuba noshukela omningi egazini futhi izinga layo liphakanyiswa isikhathi eside. Kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-fructosamine, i-hemoglobin yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nayo i-glycated.
Ukuxhumeka kwe-albhamuin noshukela kuzinzile. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga likashukela libuyele kokujwayelekile, i-fructosamine ayihlehli, kepha iyaqhubeka nokuba segazini. Amaprotheni aqhekeka kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-2-3, sonke lesi sikhathi kunobufakazi bokuxhuma ushukela egazini. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aphila isikhathi eside, aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-4, ngakho-ke inani le-hemoglobin ye-glycated likuvumela ukuthi uhlole ikhwalithi yokwelashwa isikhathi eside kuneleveli le-fructosamine.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
Ukuhlaziywa kwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1982. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela singatholakala kuphela ngezinga le-fructosamine, nangokunemba okuphezulu - cishe ama-90%. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, lolu cwaningo alunwebeki, futhi lusetshenziswa njengesijobelelo ngokuhambisana nezinga le-glucose ne-glycated hemoglobin.
Isiguli sikashukela siqapha ukugula kwayo nsuku zonke nge-glucometer. Uma ubhala okutholakele ngokuzibophezela, inani lesinxephezelo sikashukela lingalinganiswa kahle. Kulesi simo, asikho isidingo sokuhlaziywa kwe-fructosamine. Imvamisa, odokotela bayayisebenzisa ngesikhathi kukhethwa uhlobo lwamakhambi esifo sikashukela: banquma imithamo ebalwe kusengaphambili yemithi, inani elivunyelwe kakhulu lama-carbohydrate, futhi ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, i-fructosamine isetshenziselwa ukwahlulela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezokwelapha.
Izinkomba
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Fructosamine kukhethwa kumacala alandelayo:
- Ukuhlola ukunemba kokuqokwa kokwelashwa emasontweni ama-2 ngemuva kokuqala kwawo.
- Uma empilweni yesiguli esinesifo sikashukela kube nezinguquko ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwamaviki ayi-6 edlule. Ushintsho olunjalo lubandakanya ukudla okusha, izinga elikhulayo lokuzivocavoca umzimba noma ukuphumula kombhede ophoqelelwe, ukwanda kwezifo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezi-endocrine.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nesilinganiso sokuzila ushukela. I-hemoglobin ye-Glycated ngalesi sikhathi ayinqunywa, ngoba isimo se-hormonal yowesifazane, kanye nalo glucose wegazi, sivame ukuguquka. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, kuhlaziywa inani le-fructosamine esikhundleni se-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
- Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinezinkinga ezisolwayo nge-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-hemoglobin ye-fetus egazini lezingane, isifundo ku-fructosamine sisala ukuphela kwendlela ethembekile yokuhlola i-glycemia iyonke.
- Ezimweni lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kungahle kungathembeki ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin: anemia; izifo zegazi; ukuqina kwesibindi ngenxa yama-hemorrhoid, izilonda zesisu, ukuya esikhathini esindayo; ukopha ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule; isifo se-hemolytic; ukukhubazeka kweseli elibomvu.
- Ukulungiselela ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ukuhlola ukulungela kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela kubo.
- Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi kusanda kuvela ama-tumors akhiqiza ama-hormone athinta ushukela wegazi.
Ungakuhambisa kanjani ukuhlaziya
Inzuzo engenakuphikwa yokuhlaziywa kwe-fructosamine ukuthembeka kwayo okuphezulu. Azikho izidingo eziqinile zokulungiselela, ngoba umphumela cishe awuthinteki ngesikhathi sesampula yegazi, ukudla, umsebenzi womzimba nokungezwani komzimba ngosuku lokubeletha.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-laboratories acela abantu abadala ukuthi bame amahora angama-4-8 ngaphandle kokudla. Ezinganeni, isikhathi sokuzila kufanele sibe yimizuzu engama-40, ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu - amahora angama-2,5. Uma kunzima esigulini esinesifo sikashukela ukumelana nesikhathi esinjalo, kuzokwanela ukwenqaba ukudla ukudla okunamafutha. Amafutha, amafutha ezilwane, okhilimu khekhe, ushizi kukhulisa okwesikhashana ukugcwala kwama-lipid egazini, okungaholela emiphumeleni engathembekile.
Cishe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, udinga ukuhlala ngokuthula, ubambe umoya wakho futhi uphumule. Akukho ukubhema ngalesi sikhathi. Igazi lithathwa emthanjeni endaweni ye-elbow.
Ekhaya, okwamanje akunakwenzeka ukuhlaziya, ngoba ukukhishwa kwamakhithi okuhlola bekuyekisiwe ngenxa yephutha elikhulu lokulinganisa. Ezigulini ezisegumbini lokulala, i-biomaterial ingathathwa ngabasebenzi basegabhoratri ekhaya, bese ilethwa ukuze ihlolwe.
Ukuhlehlisa
Umphumela wokuhlaziywa uvezwa kuma-micromoles noma ama-millimitha ilitha ngalinye le-serum yegazi.
Isimo esamukelekayo se-fructosamine siyefana kwabesilisa, abesifazane kanye nentsha yabo bobabili ubulili abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14. Emalabhorathri amaningi, ilingana no-205- 285 mmol / L noma i-2.05-2.85 mmol / L. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala, okuncane kancane: 195-271 μmol / L.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-laboratories angasebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokunquma ama-fructosamine nama-calibrators avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, amanani wokubheka kulokhu kuhlaziya angahluka kancane. Imininingwane yokuthi yiluphi uhla olwamukelwa njengokujwayelekile kuleli labhorethri ikhona kwiphepha ngalinye lemiphumela elinikezwe iklayenti.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo ngokulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela:
Izinga lokulawula | I-Fructosamine, i-μmol / L | I-Glycated hemoglobin,% |
Kuhle, amathuba okuba nezinkinga mancane. | <258 | <6 |
Ukukhokhela ushukela kuvunyelwe kwamanye amaqembu eziguli. | 259-376 | 6,1-8 |
Okungakhokhwanga, kungakuhle ukuthi ushintshe irejimeni yokwelashwa futhi uqinise ukulawula. | 377-493 | 8,1-10 |
Okubi, ukwelashwa akukaze kwenziwe noma isiguli singamnaki, sigcwala izinkinga eziningi ezingamahlalakhona futhi ezinzima. | >493 | >10 |
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi isilinganiso se-fructosamine (F) sezinyanga ezintathu singabala amaphesenti we-glycated hemoglobin (HG) esigulini. Ubudlelwano bungemelelwa ngefomula: GG = 0.017xF + 1.61, lapho i-GG ivezwa ngo-%, Ф - ku-micromol / l. Futhi okuphambene nalokho: F = (GG-1.61) x58.82.
Kukhona futhi ukuthembela kwezinga le-fructosamine kushukela likashukela elijwayelekile emasontweni amabili edlule:
I-Fructosamine, i-μmol / L | IGlucose, mmol / L |
200 | 5,5 |
220 | 6,0 |
240 | 6,6 |
260 | 7,1 |
280 | 7,7 |
300 | 8,2 |
320 | 8,7 |
340 | 9,3 |
360 | 9,8 |
380 | 10,4 |
400 | 10,9 |
420 | 11,4 |
440 | 12,0 |
460 | 12,5 |
480 | 13,1 |
500 | 13,6 |
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlaziywa kuyakwazi ukunikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesimo se-metabolic yesiguli, ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kwakhe.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kuphakama i-fructosamine yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kanye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphambilini. Ngokwezincomo zomtholampilo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu kutholwa ngokusho kokuhlaziywa okukodwa. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe futhi ungafaki ezinye izinto ezingakhuphula inani le-fructosamine:
- ukuntuleka kwama-pancreatic hormone;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- ukwanda okungapheli kwezinga le-immunoglobulin A ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala kwesitho sangaphakathi; izifo ze-autoimmune, i-cystic fibrosis, ukulimala kwesibindi, ukudakwa;
I-Fructosamine ingancishiswa ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukuntuleka okukhulu kwamaprotheni egazi, ikakhulukazi i-albhamuin. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungukudla okuncane kakhulu kwamaprotheni ekudleni, ezinye izifo zesibindi, ukugayeka kokuphazamiseka kwamaprotheni emgodini wokugaya ukudla, kanye nephropathy yesifo sikashukela esigabeni se-volumetric proteinuria. Ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni okuncane (uma ngabe i-albhamuin ingu> 30 g / l) akuwuthinti umphumela wokuhlaziywa;
- i-hyperthyroidism;
- ukuthatha isikhathi eside amavithamini C no-B
Ukuhlaziywa kwamanani
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, isiqondisi sokuhlaziywa sinikezwa udokotela ohambelayo - udokotela womndeni, udokotela wobudokotela noma i-endocrinologist. Kulokhu, lolu cwaningo lukhululekile. Ema-laboraties ezentengiso, inani lentengo lokuhlaziywa kwe-fructosamine lingaphezulu kancane kunendleko yokuzila ushukela futhi cishe lishibhile izikhathi ezi-2 kunokuzimisela kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Ezifundeni ezihlukile, ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-250 kuya kwangama-400.