Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibhekwa njengesinye sezifo esivame kakhulu ku-endocrinology. Unyaka ngamunye, inani labantu abanokwephulwa okufanayo likhula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha lesi sifo, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa isimo esijwayelekile sezitho zangaphakathi zeziguli, ziyaguquka. Ukuqonda ingqophamlando ye-pathology, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya umlando wesifo ngokuningiliziwe. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singenzeka emadodeni nakwabesifazane.
Isigaba seziguli nezikhalazo
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 edlule, ochwepheshe babekholelwa ukuthi yiziguli esezikhulile kuphela ezingahlakulela ukubonakaliswa koshukela. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, umuthi ungene esigabeni esisha sokuthuthuka futhi kwatholakala ukuthi izingane nabantu abasha nazo ziyagula. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, lesi sifo singesokweminyaka yobudala.
Imvamisa, iziguli ezinokuxilongwa okufanayo zifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma yobudala ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ukuze uthole umlando wecala lesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esigulini ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukuthola imininingwane yepasipoti yakhe, ikheli lokuhlala nenombolo yocingo yokuxhumana. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uqala inhlolovo.
Njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokuqala, abesilisa nabesifazane banezikhalazo ezicishe zifane, okwaholela esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Okuvame kakhulu okulandelayo kuyabhekwa:
- ukoma okungapheli, ukuphoqa ukuphuza ngaphezu kwamalitha ama-3 amanzi ngosuku;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukomiswa kanye nokulunywa okungabekezeleleki kwesikhumba;
- umuzwa ongapheli womlomo owomile;
- abesifazane nabesilisa bavame ukubika ukulunywa endaweni yangasese;
- ukushesha komoya ngokuzivocavoca okuncane komzimba;
- isiyezi esivame ukukhathazeka ikakhulukazi abesifazane, kodwa futhi singenzeka emadodeni;
- ukwehla kokusebenza, ubuthakathaka nokukhathala;
- gxuma ekucindezelweni kwegazi;
- ukungakhululeki ngemuva kwe-sternum.
Ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe, uchwepheshe uthola ukuthi abantu banezikhalazo hhayi kuphela ngempilo yabo ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi mayelana nokuqina kwezinyawo nezinyawo ezibandayo. Lezi zimpawu zingenzeka kakhulu kubantu besilisa abesebhema iminyaka eminingi. Kwabesifazane, bavela kancane kakhulu, kepha futhi babhekwa njengabalulekile, ngoba bangakhombisa ubucayi besimo se-pathological noma ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuxilongwa.
Iziguli okwiminyaka eminingi zingazinaki lezi zimpawu futhi zingazange zibonane nochwepheshe, vele ekuqeshweni kokuqala zingakhuluma ngokulimala okubukwayo. Njengomthetho, isibonakaliso esifanayo sibonisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology ngokushesha. Imvamisa, ezinye izinkinga ziyavela kulesi sigaba. Ngokusekelwe kwimininingwane etholakele, uchwepheshe wenza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Umlando wempilo
Ukuze kukhonjwe i-etiology yalesi sifo, isiguli kumele singakhumbuli izifo ezidluliselwa ebuntwaneni kuphela.
Imvamisa udokotela wenza inhlolovo eningiliziwe, ukulandela amaphuzu anjalo:
- Usuku lokuzalwa kwesiguli, ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokubeletha kumama, isibalo sezingane ezinomndeni nezinkinga esikhathini sokubeletha.
- Impilo yeziguli eneminyaka yobudala besikole zasenkulisa, ukondleka nokuzivocavoca umzimba, imvamisa yokuhambela ezikhungweni zasenkulisa, izifo zezingane.
- Iminyaka yesiguli lapho yamukelwa ebangeni lokuqala, izifo ezidluliselwa eminyakeni yesikole. Kwabesifazane, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuqala kokuya esikhathini kanye nemvelo yenkambo yayo.
- Kowesilisa, iminyaka lapho abuthelwa ebuthweni kanye nesimo esithile sezempilo ngesikhathi senkonzo yakhe kubhekwa njengomzuzu obalulekile. Kwowesifazane - ukukhulelwa kokuqala, inani lezingane, ubunzima obunokwenzeka, kanye nobudala ukuqala kokuya esikhathini.
- Imininingwane ethile ngabazali besiguli: ukuthi bafa eneminyaka emingaki, yiziphi izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
- Inani lokungenelela kokuhlinzwa kokuphila konke, ngokwesibonelo, ukususwa kwe-appendicitis, hernia, isigaba se-cesarean, resection esiswini.
- Ukuxhumana neziguli ezithathelwanayo, umlando wesifo sofuba kanye ne-hepatitis.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-endocrinologist ithola izimo zenhlalo nezokuphila lapho isiguli sihlala khona, okuthandayo.
Iphuzu elibalulekile okumele liphendulwe ngokweqiniso isamba nobuningi beziphuzo ezidakayo, kanye nogwayi. Ngokulandelayo, uchwepheshe uqoqa umlando wezokwelapha.
Umlando wezokwelapha
Yize isinyathelo sokuqala sokuxhumana ne-endocrinologist ukuqoqa izikhalazo, ngemuva kocwaningo olunzulu ngempilo yomuntu, uchwepheshe ubuyela esimeni sezimpawu. Kuyadingeka ukunquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokuqala kwezibonakaliso. Uma isiguli singakhumbuli usuku oluqondile, esilinganiselwayo esishintshashintshayo esishintshana amasonto ayi-2 maqondana nesinye sizokwenze.
Isiguli akufanele nje sikhulume ngokubonakaliswa komtholampilo, kodwa futhi sikhumbule ukuthi savela kanjani ekuqaleni kokuthuthuka kwe-pathology. Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ekutholeni izinga lokuqhubeka kwenqubo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuzama ukulungisa isikhathi lapho izikhalazo eziphambili zokoma, umlomo owomile, ne-polyuria zihlanganiswa nabanye abangahlobene ngokuqondile nesifo sikashukela, kodwa besebenza njengezinkinga zako.
Kwowesilisa nowesifazane, ukuzuza isisindo ngokuphulwa okunjalo kubhekwa kungokwemvelo. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa inani elilinganisiwe lama-kilogremu atholwe ngesikhathi sokugula. Uma isiguli sesivakashele udokotela futhi senqaba ukuhlolwa ngokuqhubekayo, lokhu kuyakhonjiswa nasemlandweni.
Abanye abantu bazama ekhaya, ngokuzimela noma ngeseluleko sezihlobo nabangane, ukwenza izinqubo, ukuthatha imishanguzo, amakhambi, noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezingezona zenkambiso yokwelashwa. Leli qiniso kumele likhonjiswe emlandweni, ngoba imvamisa nguyena obangela isiguli ukuthi sibe sibi.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa okwadlula isiguli esikhathini esidlule nayo ibalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ikhombisa ngokusobala ukwanda kweglucose yegazi. Umfutho wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo zihlala ziqoshwa emlandweni. Esikhathini esizayo, amandla abo ayabonakala.
Idatha Yokuhlola
Ngaphandle kwedatha yenhlolovo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola isithombe esiphelele sohlobo 2 sikashukela. Umlando wamacala abantu besifazane nabesilisa ugcwaliswa cishe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuthola umbono ojwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sangaphandle somuntu. Esigabeni sokuqala, kuhlolwa ukwaziwa kwesiguli nekhono laso lokuphendula imibuzo ngokwanele kuyenziwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthola uhlobo lomzimba (asthenic, standardosthenic, hypersthenic).
Okulandelayo isimo sesikhumba sinqunywa: umbala, umswakama, ukuqina, imivimbo nephethini yemithambo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uchwepheshe uhlola ulwelwesi lwe-mucous, aqaphele umbala wolimi, ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwe-plaque ebusweni bayo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukwanda kwama-lymph node ne-thyroid gland. Okokugcina ngokuvamile akufanele kuphenywe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukukala umfutho wegazi, izinga lokushisa lomzimba nokubala ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Iphuzu elibalulekile lingukuqonda kwemingcele yamaphaphu nenhliziyo. Njengomthetho, azisuselwa ekhaya uma isiguli singenazo izifo ezingaphatheki kahle zalezi zitho. Ngokuvuselela (ukulalela), ukuphefumula kwesiguli kuyinto e-vesicular, ngaphandle komsindo ongaphandle.
Umphumela wokuthambekela kwenhliziyo kufanele futhi ube yinto ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, nganoma yikuphi ukwephulwa, umsindo ongaphandle kwezwi uzwakala, ukuguquka kwemingcele yesitho kuyabonakala. Ngokubheka ukuthi umlando wesifo sikashukela uqala kaningi ezigulini esezikhulile, isithombe esihle cishe asibonwa. Njengomthetho, ukuphambuka akukho lapho lolu hlobo lwesifo lutholakala kumuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-40, okungajwayelekile ukwenzeka.
Ngemuva kwalokho palpation wesisu kubalulekile. Njengomthetho, lenyuka ngevolumu emadodeni nakwabesifazane, ngoba ngalesi sifo kunqwabelana kwamafutha angaphakathi kule ndawo. Lapho uzizwa, kubalulekile ukukhomba i -gogi lobuhlungu kanye nokuvela kwe-hernial, ikakhulukazi emadodeni.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola ukubakhona noma ukungabikho kwesibonakaliso se-Shchetkin-Blumberg, esivame ukuhambisana ne-pathology yezitho zesisu esiteji esibi. Imvamisa, ezigulini ezinjalo, isibindi sikhuliswa, nomngcele waso udilizwa, okukhombisa inkambo ende yenqubo ye-pathological.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-endocrinologist ihlola ukusabela kwemizwa kwesiguli, okungukuthi, ikhombisa. Kubalulekile futhi ukulungisa i-diureis yansuku zonke futhi uyiqhathanise ne-ketshezi edakiwe yesikhathi esifanayo. Iphuzu lokugcina kuzoba ukubona ubuningi bemikhawulo engezansi.
Ucwaningo lwelabhorethri
Izifundo zaselebhu kufanele zenziwe ngesifo sikashukela esifuna i-insulin. Umlando wesimo sohlobo 2 nawo udinga idatha yokugcwalisa isithombe sonke se-pathology.
Ngakho-ke isiguli kunikezwe izivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi klinikhi ukuthola inani nezilinganiso zokudangala kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ukubalwa kwamaplatelet, amaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nama-eosinophils nama-lymphocyte. Iphuzu elibalulekile lizinga le-hemoglobin, okungafanele libe ngaphansi kwe-110 g / l kwabesifazane, ne-130-140 g / l emadodeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi koshukela. Isikhombi esingaphezu kuka-5.5 mmol / L sithathwa njengokuphambuka kwesijwayelekile. Ngokuya ngezinga lokweqiwa kwalo, ubulukhuni besimo sesiguli kunqunywa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu yomchamo kaningi kukhombisa ubunzima besifo. Esigabeni sokuqala, akukho ukuphambuka noma ukuthola ushukela omncane kuphela okukhona, okungafanele kube okujwayelekile. Esigabeni esiphakathi, inani le-glucose lenyuka, kanye nezinga leukocytes. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kukhona futhi iminonjana ye-acetone ne-protein, ekhombisa ukwephulwa kwesibindi nezinso.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical kukhombisa isimo sohlelo lwezinhliziyo, kanye nezinso nesibindi. Ezigabeni ezisesilinganisweni futhi ezinzima, amazinga e-bilirubin, i-urea ne-creatinine anda, okubonisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo ngokushesha.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwelebhu nikeza izifundo ezisizayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-electrocardiogram yokunquma imingcele yokufuduka kwenhliziyo namaphaphu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kunconywa ukuthatha i-x-ray ukukhipha ukuthuthuka kwezinqubo eziguqukayo. Imvamisa iziguli ezinjalo ziphathwa yinyumoniya.
Ukuqondiswa kokuxilongwa
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala kuphela ngemuva kokuhlolwa okugcwele. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuqokwa kokuqala ne-endocrinologist, iziguli ziyanqikaza ukuya esibhedlela ukuycacisa ukutholakala kwalokhu, ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje, kuyinto yokuqala.
Uma isimo siba sibi, isiguli singena esibhedlela somnyango we-endocrinological noma wezokwelapha, lapho sinikezwa ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nsuku zonke nokukhethwa kwemithi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glucose kuthathwa nsuku zonke, kaningi izikhathi ezingama-3-6 ngosuku ukuthola impendulo yomzimba nomuthi othize.
Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela, udokotela ukhetha umuthi ofanele futhi asungule ukuxilongwa okulungile, okuqoshwe emlandweni wezokwelapha. Njengomthetho, uhlala impilo yonke noma ngabe kwenzeka ukuthuthuka okukhulu esimweni esejwayelekile sesiguli.
Izimiso Zokwelapha
Imvamisa, i-pathology iqhubeka kancane futhi ibonakala ngokungatholakali kwezimpawu zomtholampilo uma ngabe zonke izincomo zochwepheshe zibonwa. Njengomthetho, iziguli zibekwe amaphilisi we-hypoglycemic anqunyelwe, isibonelo, i-Glucofage, i-Glimeperid, njll. Umthamo wezidakamizwa ubhekene nomuntu ngamunye futhi kuncike izinkomba ze-glucose.
Uma kwenzeka wehluleka ukwelashwa isiguli sidluliselwa kumijovo ye-insulin, kepha kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5-7 kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Noma yimuphi u-endocrinologist uzophawula ukuthi iphuzu eliyinhloko ekwelashweni kuzoba ukudla. Ezigulini ezinjalo, kuyanconywa inombolo yethebula 9
Uma umuntu enobuhlakani obufana nobumsuka kanye nenhliziyo, yena izidakamizwa ze-antihypertgency zinqunyelwe. Inkambo yokwelashwa ihlala kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-14, kepha ukudla kwesiguli kufanele kube yindlela yokuphila, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo akekho umuthi ongalawula amazinga kashukela. Iziguli ezinjalo zibekwa kwi-akhawunti yokulandelela nge-endocrinologist futhi zimvakashele okungenani kanye ezinyangeni ezi-6 ngesilinganiso esiphansi. Iziguli ezinamafomu alinganayo nalesi sifo aqala ukuboniswa kudokotela kanye ezinyangeni ezi-3.
