I-glucose dropers ikuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ngokushesha umzimba obuthakathaka futhi uthuthukise inhlala-kahle yesiguli. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezixazululo zomuthi onjalo: isotonic ne-hypertonic. Ngayinye yazo inezinkomba zayo kanye ne-contraindication. Uma usetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, umuthi ungalimaza umzimba.
Incazelo, izinkomba kanye ne-contraindication
I-glucose ingumthombo wamandla womhlaba wonke. Kuyasiza ukubuyisela ngokushesha amandla futhi kuthuthukise inhlala-kahle yesiguli. Le nto iqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamaseli obuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa. Imvamisa, ushukela wokuphathwa kwe-intravenous unqunywe esikhathini se-postoperative.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokuntuleka kwalolutho zihlanganisa:
- ukungondleki;
- ubuthi nokudla ubuthi;
- ukuphazamiseka ku-gland yegilo;
- ukwakheka kwe-neoplasm;
- izinkinga zamathumbu nesisu.
Izinga elifanele likashukela egazini kumele ligcinelwe ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, inhliziyo nokushisa komzimba okuzinzile.
Kunezinkomba ezimbalwa zomtholampilo zokwenziwa kwekhambi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
ukwehla ushukela wegazi;- isimo sokushaqeka;
- i-hepatic coma;
- izinkinga zenhliziyo;
- ukukhathala komzimba;
- ukopha ngaphakathi;
- isikhathi sokusebenza;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinzima;
- i-hepatitis;
- i-hypoglycemia;
- isifo sokuqina kwesibindi.
ukwehla ushukela wegazi;I-glucose dropper inikezwa izingane uma kunokushoda kobisi lwebele, ukuphuma komzimba, i-jaundice, ubuthi futhi lapho lungaphambi kwesikhathi. Umuthi ofanayo uphathwa ngokulimala kokuzalwa kanye nokubulawa yindlala kwengane.
Kuyadingeka ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwekhambi le-glucose, uma ngabe kunezimo ezilandelayo zomtholampilo:
- ukubekezelela ushukela omncane;
- i-hyperosmolar coma;
- i-mellitus ebunjiwe yesifo sikashukela;
- hyperlactacidemia;
- hyperglycemia
Ngokuqapha ngokweqile, i-dropper inganikezwa iziguli ezinokulimala kwe-renal noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwento enjalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa kuvunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuqeda ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela, udokotela kufanele aqaphe ushintsho enanini le-glucose ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Izinhlobo zezixazululo
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zesisombululo: isotonic ne-hypertonic. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ukugcwala kwe-glucose, kanye nomphumela wezokwelapha abanawo emzimbeni wesiguli.
Isixazululo se-isotonic ukuhlukunyezwa okungu-5% wento esebenzayo ebiliswe emanzini nge-sindano noma usawoti. Lolu hlobo lomuthi lunezinto ezilandelayo:
ukugeleza kwegazi okuthuthukile;- ukugcwalisa uketshezi emzimbeni;
- ukuvusa ingqondo;
- ukususwa kobuthi nobuthi;
- umsoco weseli.
ukugeleza kwegazi okuthuthukile;Isixazululo esinjalo singahanjiswa hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi, kepha futhi nange-enema. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-hypertonic yisisombululo se-10-40% sokulimala emthanjeni. Inemiphumela elandelayo emzimbeni wesiguli:
- kusebenze ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuchama komchamo;
- iqinisa futhi ihlakaze imithambo yegazi;
- kuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic;
- Kwejwayelekile ukucindezela kwegazi kwe-osmotic;
- isusa ubuthi nobuthi.
Ukuthuthukisa umphumela womjovo, umuthi uvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo. I-glucose dropper ene-ascorbic acid isetshenziselwa izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukopha nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu. Izinto ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezingeziwe:
- i-novocaine;
- i-sodium chloride;
- I-Actovegin;
- Dianyl PD4;
- plasma lit 148.
INovocaine yengezwa kwikhambi uma kungenzeka ukuthi inoshevu, i-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-toxicosis kanye nokuqunjelwa kanzima. Nge-hypokalemia, eyaqhamuka ngemuva kwesizinda sokudakwa neswekile, i-potassium chloride isetshenziswa njengento eyengeziwe. Isixazululo sihlanganiswa ne-Actovegin yezilonda, ukushiswa, amanxeba nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo ebuchosheni. IDianyl PD4 kanye noshukela kukhonjiswa ukwehluleka kwezinso. Futhi ukuqeda ubuthi, i-peritonitis nokuphelelwa ngamandla, kwethulwa isixazululo nge-plasmalite 148.
Izici zesicelo kanye nomthamo
Ukwethulwa komuthi nge-dropper kunqunywe endabeni lapho kudingekile ukuthi umuthi ungene egazini kancane kancane. Uma ukhetha umthamo ongalungile, khona-ke kukhona ingozi enkulu yemiphumela emibi noma ukusabela komzimba.
Imvamisa, i-dropper enjalo ibekwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokugula okungathi sína, lapho kunesidingo sokuthi umuthi uhlala ukhona egazini nakumthamo othile. Imithi elawulwa indlela ye-drip iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udokotela angakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha umphumela.
Isixazululo esine-5% yento esebenzayo sifakwa emithanjeni ngesilinganiso esifinyelela ku-7 ml ngomzuzu. Umthamo omkhulu ngosuku ngamalitha ama-2 kumuntu omdala. Umuthi onenqwaba yama-10% udonswa ngesilinganiso esifinyelela ku-3 ml ngomzuzu. Umthamo wansuku zonke ilitha elilodwa. Isixazululo esingu-20% silelwa ku-1.5−2 ml ngemin.
Ukuphathwa kwe-jet intravenous, kuyadingeka ukunikeza isixazululo se-5 noma i-10% ku-10-50 ml. Kumuntu onemetabolism ejwayelekile, umthamo wesidakamizwa ngosuku akumele ube ngaphezu kwama-250-450 g. Ngemuva kwalokho umthamo wansuku zonke we-fluid okhishwe ku-30 kuye ku-40 ml kg kg. Ngosuku lokuqala lwezingane, umuthi uhanjiswa ngenani lika-6 g, bese kuthi ngu-15 g lilinye.
Imiphumela emibi kanye ne-overdose
Amacala wokubonakaliswa okungalungile aqabile. Isizathu kungaba ukulungiswa okungafanele kwesisombululo noma ukwethulwa kwe-dextrose kumthamo ongalungile. Iziguli zingathola le mibukiso engemihle elandelayo:
- isisindo somzimba;
- ukushayisana kwegazi ezindaweni lapho kwakubekwa khona owelahla;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
- i-subcutaneous izicubu ze-necrosis;
- hypervolemia.
Ngenxa yokufakwa ngokushesha, ukuqunjelwa uketshezi emzimbeni kungenzeka. Uma amandla okufaka i-glucose ekhona, khona-ke ukuphathwa kwawo ngokushesha kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hyperglycemia. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukwehla kwenani le-potassium ne-phosphate ku-plasma.
Uma kwenzeka kuvela izimpawu zokweqisa, yeka ukusebenzisa ikhambi. Ngokulandelayo, udokotela uhlola isimo sesiguli futhi, uma kunesidingo, wenza ukwelashwa okubonakalayo.
Ukuphepha kokuphepha
Ukuze ukwelashwa kulethe ukusebenza okuphezulu, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi kungani ushukela udonswa ngaphakathi, siyini isikhathi sokuphatha kanye nomthamo ophelele. Isixazululo somuthi asikwazi ukuphathwa ngokushesha okukhulu noma isikhathi eside ngokweqile. Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-thrombophlebitis, into ifakwa kuphela emithanjeni emikhulu. Udokotela kufanele aqhubeke nokuqapha ukulingana okusuka emanzini-electrolyte, kanye nenani le-glucose esegazini.
Ngokuqapha ngokweqile, isidakamizwa sikhishwa ezinkingeni zokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi into esetshenziswayo yezidakamizwa ingakhulisa ukulimala kwezakhiwo zobuchopho, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise isimo sesiguli. Isixazululo akufanele siphathwe ngokungaziphathi kahle noma ngokuxakaniseka.
Ngaphambi kokwenza inkohliso, udokotela kufanele akhulume ngokuthi kungani i-glucose idonswa emthanjeni nokuthi kufanele kubonwe muphi umphumela wokwelapha. Ngaphambi kokujova into, uchwepheshe kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi akukho mibiko.
