Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sithathwa njenge-pathology enkulukazi, futhi sisho ukubonakala kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (isb. Etholwe) sibonakaliswa ukumelana ne-insulin, kanye nomsebenzi ongemuhle wamaseli we-beta wobunzima obahlukahlukene.
Kunemibono eminingi echaza pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela (isifo sikashukela). Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi kunezici eziningana zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, futhi izinto zangaphandle azidlali indima ebalulekile.
Indima yokusebenza komzimba ophansi kanye nokukhuluphala ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela
Uma umuntu ephila impilo yokuhlala phansi, futhi ethambekele ekudla ngokweqile, lokhu nakanjani kuholele kwamanye ama-pathologies. Futhi isifo sikashukela yikhona okunokwenzeka kakhulu kubo. Singasho ukuthi lezi zinto zithinta izinhlobo zofuzo ezibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kalula nje, basebenza.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho ngokukhuluphala kwesisu. Akubalulekile kuphela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana ne-insulin, kanye nasekukhubazekeni kwe-metabolic ehambisana nayo. Lolu hlobo lokukhuluphala luholela kuhlobo 2 sikashukela. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuthi kuma-adipocytes ama-visceral, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-adipocytes wamafutha angaphansi, ukuzwela komsebenzi we-insulin ye-hormone kuyancishiswa.
I-lipolysis yongqimba lwamafutha iyenziwa isebenze, bese ama-acids amahhala wamahhala ngokungena emithanjeni yegazi le-portal vein, bese kungena ekugudukeni kwegazi lomzimba wonke.
Kuyini ukumelana kwe-insulin yamathambo? Ekuphumuleni, izicubu ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa (isb. Ukubhubhisa) lawo ma-asidi wamahhala kakhulu. Futhi lokhu kuvimba amandla ama-myocyte okubhubhisa ushukela, okuholela ekwandeni koshukela wegazi kanye nokukhula okubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin.
Ama-acid amaningi afanayo awakuvumeli ukuthi kuhlangane nama-hepatocytes, futhi isibindi, lokhu kuqinisa ukumelana ne-insulin, futhi kuvimbela nomsebenzi we-inhibitory we-hormone kwi-gluconeogeneis eyenzeka emzimbeni.
Konke lokhu kubamba iqhaza ekwakheni umbuthano omubi othile - njengoba kukhuphuka amazinga wama-acid amaningi, izicubu zomzimba, ezinamafutha kanye nesibindi ziba namandla ngokwedlulele kwe-insulin. Iqala i-lipolysis, i-hyperinsulinemia, futhi inyusa okuqukethwe kwamafutha acid.
Futhi ukuhamba kwabantu okuphansi kuphela kwandisa lezi zinqubo, imetabolism edingekayo emisipha incipha, ayisebenzi.
Ukuze zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ziqhubeke ngokujwayelekile, izicubu kudingeka "zondliwe" ngokufanele ngokunyakaza, umsebenzi womzimba, ezenzelwe zona ngokwemvelo.
Ingabe ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuphazamiseka kanjani kuhlobo 2 sikashukela
Imvamisa, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 bezwa ibinzana elivela kudokotela ukuthi unezinkinga ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Kuyini insulin? Yi-hormone yamaprotheni ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Futhi ukukhuluphala kwama-hormone kubangelwa ukwanda kwe-glucose yegazi. Izinga laso likhula ngokushesha lapho umuntu edlile. Uhlobo ngalunye lomkhiqizo ngendlela yalo luthinta ukufundwa kweglue.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-insulin? Ijwayelekile, okungukuthi, iguquguqula amazinga aphezulu kashukela, futhi i-hormone nayo inomthelela ekuthuthweni kweglucose kwezicubu namaseli. Ngakho ubanikeza amandla abaluleke kakhulu, amafutha omzimba wethu.
Ku-diabetes, izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nezenzo zayo azilingani:
- Isigaba sokuqala salokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-secretory reaction ku-glucose ye-intravenous siyabambezeleka;
- Ukusabela okuyimfihlo kokudla okuxubile kuyancishiswa futhi kubambezeleke;
- Izinga le-proinsulin nemikhiqizo yokucutshungulwa kwalo, kunalokho, liyanda;
- Isigqi sokuguquguquka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin sephukile.
Ucwaningo lwalubaluleke kakhulu kodokotela abahlonza ukuthi i-insulin ikhiqizwa kanjani kubantu abane-prediabetes (isimo somkhawulo lapho lesi sifo sesiseduze nokuthi sitholakale). Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kulesisifundazwe isigqi sokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone sesihlakazekile. Amangqamuzana e-pancreatic beta awasakwazi ukuphendula ngokugcwele nge-peak insulin secretion ekushintshashintsheni kwethonya lesilinganiso se-glucose esegazini, futhi lokhu kwephulwa kuqoshwa phakathi nosuku.
Ushukela wegazi 12 - ingabe ushukela?
Ngokucabanga okukhulu kungenzeka sithi - yebo, lokhu sikashukela. Kepha odokotela bazohlola konke, umuntu uzophumelela izivivinyo eziningana, kuzobekwa ezinye izivivinyo zokuthola iphutha. Musa ukudida izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Abekho ngaphezu kwe-10% yabanesifo sikashukela abahlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emzimbeni wabo i-insulin yemvelo ayikhiqizwa nje. Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, i-insulin yanele, kepha ushukela awunakungena kumaseli.
Kungani isifo sikashukela singenzeka:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile Isibindi namanyikwe kugoqwe ngamafutha, amaseli alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo we-insulin, futhi avele avimbe ushukela.
- Izinkinga zokudla. Umuntu wanamuhla ukhuthele kakhulu kuma-carbohydrate asheshayo, amaswidi nokudla okunesitashi akusebenzisa okwejwayelekile, futhi i-fiber namaprotheni ekudleni kwakhe kuvame ukuntuleka. Umsoco ongafanele ubangela ukukhuluphala, okuyisici esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela.
- Ukungasebenzi. Iphinde ibe nomthelela ongemuhle kumazinga kashukela. Futhi namuhla kunabantu abaningi abangasebenzi ngokomzimba: laba basebenza emahhovisi kanye nabantu abasha, abathanda kakhulu ukusebenzisa isikhathi ekhompyutheni.
- Ukuxineka Kuze kube muva nje, odokotela babheka ukucabanga njengesinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela, kepha imvamisa kwakukuxineka okukhulu kanye nezimo ezixaka isikhathi eside ezaqala ukubanga lesi sifo.
Kuyiqiniso, umuntu akanakusinaka isici sofuzo. Uma abathandekayo bakho benesifo sikashukela emgqeni wokuqala kinship, kufanele unake kakhulu impilo yakho. Imvamisa yiya kudokotela osendaweni, okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ahlele ukuyohlolwa nodokotela wobugwala, okungenani kabili ngonyaka enze zonke izivivinyo eziyisisekelo.
Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?
Ngeshwa, ezimweni eziningi umuntu uya kudokotela lapho isibonakaliso sesifo simshiya engenakho ukukhetha. Kuvela izimpawu ezethusayo zesifo, okunzima ukungaziphenduli. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, zijwayelekile.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:
- Indlala ehlasela umuntu - ayinyamalali ngisho nangemva kokudla okugcwele;
- Ukuchama okusheshayo - imvamisa abesifazane bayithatha njenge-cystitis, futhi belaphe isifo esingatholakali, isikhathi esilahlekile sokwelashwa okuyisisekelo;
Umlomo owomile, ukoma okungajwayelekile;- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo;
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda;
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo.
Umlomo owomile, ukoma okungajwayelekile;Ezinye izinkomba zibuye zibonakale kwezinye izifo kanye nemibandela, ngakho-ke ungasheshi ukuzixilonga.
Yenza izivivinyo zakho ngokushesha, futhi ngemiphumela emisha, iya kudokotela. Zilungiselele ukuthi udokotela azonikeza ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga, kepha lokhu kuyinhloso yakho. Uma kunembile ukuthola lesi sifo, kwanele, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uhlobo lokwelashwa luzosebenza kangcono.
Indlela yokuphila yesifo sikashukela
Imvamisa, ngisho nalabo abangakaze babhekane nalokhu kugula bagula: “Isifo sikashukela siguqukile kwisifo saba yindlela yokuphila.” Lokhu kuyiqiniso futhi akunjalo. Yebo, ukuphatha isifo sikashukela, akwanele ngesikhathi sokuphuza amaphilisi nokuhambela udokotela njalo.
I-DM idinga ukulungiswa okungathi sína kwezondlamzimba, umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, kanye nokwazisa kwesiguli ngenkambo yesifo, mayelana nokusabela koyedwa noma kwesinye isibonakaliso. Kepha kwabanye abantu, ukuhumusha okunje ngokuthi “indlela yokuphila, hhayi izifo” kuyabulala.
Lokhu kwakha kuqeda isiguli, ayeke ukumphatha ngokungathi sína. Cha, udokotela akahlose ukukusabisa, ngokuziphatha aphule isiguli. Umsebenzi wabo ukwenza umuntu abe nokuzilolonga okunempilo, ukuqwashisa, ukuqonda okwenzekayo kuye.
Uma une-ushukela wegazi 12: okufanele ukwenze, yini imiphumela, izinkinga, nezenzo? Ungesabi, isifo sikashukela yisimo esilawulwa, futhi ngokubambisana nodokotela, umuntu uyakwazi ukubheka lesi sifo ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokwamukela ngesikhathi ukuthi uyagula, ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka, umuntu angaligcina izinga lempilo edlule, kungakhathaleki ngokugcwele, kepha ngaphandle koshintsho oluyisisekelo.
Kuyini ukudla okunempilo
Ukudla okufanele, izindlela zokudla ezifanele, ukudla, indlela yokudla enempilo - kubonakala sengathi lezi zinqubo ziyaqondakala, kepha empeleni umuntu udidekile ukubona imiyalo enjalo.
Kokubonisana kokuqala, udokotela uzotshela onesifo sikashukela ukuthi ukuhlaziya okunempilo kwakhe yikho konke, lokhu kuyisisekelo sezisekelo. Futhi uzolunga, ngoba isimo sesiguli sincike ekutheni uzithobela kahle kangakanani imiyalo kadokotela.
Phambilini, ukudla okwe-carb ephansi kwakumiselwe bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Namuhla, izeluleko ezinjalo ziyagxekwa, ngoba ukusebenza kwalezi zenzo akukaze kufakazelwe. Okuphambili yimigomo ehlukile yokudla, ebingakaze inikezwe.
Izimiso zokudla okunesifo sikashukela:
- Ukuvama. Akunasidingo sokushintsha imithetho yokukhethwa kwemikhiqizo, leli qhinga liyingozi esigulini. Khetha isethi ethile, futhi manje inawe kuze kube phakade. Vele, uma le setha inzima, ilinganiselwe, ngeke uqhubeke amasonto ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, sondela ekukhetheni ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kobuhivu
- Ukwenqaba kwama-carbohydrate. Ukusheshisa noma ukuhamba kancane - kwesitho esinesifo sikashukela akubalulekile kangako, basaphakamisa ushukela wegazi, abanye basheshe, abanye isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, okusanhlamvu kanye nama rolls wesinkwa kumane kususwe kwimenyu kube kanye. Ngeshwa, i-buckwheat, ewusizo kakhulu nephalishi, nayo kuzodingeka ishiywe.
- Amafutha ayadingeka! Isikhathi eside, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinkampani ezithile kumthelela wabantu abaningi, kwakuthiwa amafutha wezilwane ababi, nakanjani anqamule impilo yomuntu. Kepha empeleni, alikho iqiniso elincane kulokhu: ukudla okunemvelo, okunamafutha emvelo kuvumelekile futhi kuyadingeka ekudleni komuntu. Kepha ngokulinganisela. Uma uthandile amafutha emifino, kuyingozi enkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ushiya i-sunflower namafutha okudlwengulwa empilweni edlule, ushintshele ku-olive (kusebenza ngokuthambile). Kepha ukudla okungenawo amafutha kufanele kugwenywe ngokuphelele.
- Amaphrotheni ayadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Vegetarianism akuyona nje uhlelo lokudla, futhi iyinkambiso. Ngakho-ke cabanga ngokungathi sína ngalokho okufunayo ngempela: ukuba nempilo, noma imfashini futhi usuthuthukile? Amaprotheni ayekhona futhi eyisixhobo esikhulu sokwakha emzimbeni, futhi siyadingeka nsuku zonke, ngoba ukuvuselelwa kweseli kwenzeka nsuku zonke.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi izimo zakho zengqondo ngokudla okunempilo azinakwenzeka. Kuyavela ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangadla amafutha ezilwane, inyama, ukhilimu omuncu kanye noshizi we-canta, kepha ukudla okungenamafutha akuvunyelwe
Ngamaswidi, ungavumela u-20-30 g we-chocolate omnyama, amantongomane nembewu kuvunyelwe, kepha ngesilinganiso esilinganayo noshokoledi. Futhi khumbula ukuthi amantongomane akuyona inyama, kodwa akulona ilungu eliwusizo kakhulu lomndeni we-legume. Cishe i-150 g ngosuku yemikhiqizo yobisi ebilisiwe ngeke ivikele isifo sikashukela, kepha ungalusa ubisi emenyu.
Amafutha wezilwane namafutha - unga, ama-2-3 noma yimaphi amaqanda ngosuku - unga, ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi we-cottage shizi kanye noshizi onamafutha ajwayelekile nakho kungavunyelwe. Noma iyiphi inyama, inhlanzi nezinkukhu kuyadingeka ekudleni! Ukusuka emafutheni, shiya ukhilimu, umnqumo kanye kakhukhunathi kwimenyu.
Ngokusobala, ukudla akudlali kangako, futhi kungaba mnandi, kunempilo, ukudla ngeke kuphindwe nsuku zonke. Nqaba izingxenye ezinkulu, kufanele ube nokudla okungu-3 okugcwele, ukudla okuncane okungu-3. Nqaba amaswidi, kufaka phakathi amajusi ahlanganisiwe kanye noshukela oswidi. Lonke lolu hlelo luzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine ushukela ulawulwa, futhi uvikele izingqinamba nemiphumela edabukisayo.
Ividiyo - Isebenza kanjani i-insulin
