I-Humulin, umuthi we-insulin osetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ushukela we-plasma, umuthi obalulekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kuqukethe i-insulin esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kabusha komuntu njengengxenye esebenzayo - I-1000 IU nge-1 ml. Kunqunyelwe iziguli ezithembela i-insulin ezidinga imijovo engapheli.
Okokuqala, lolu hlobo lwe-insulin lusetshenziswa ngabanesifo sikashukela abanesifo sohlobo 1, ngenkathi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 eziphathwa ngamaphilisi (ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi amaphilisi ayeka ukubhekana nokwehlisa ushukela wegazi), shintshela kumjovo kaHumulin M3 ekuncomeni kwe-endocrinologist.
Kukhiqizwa kanjani
I-Humulin M3 yomjovo ngokunqenqemana noma nge-intramuscularly yenziwa ngesisombululo se-10 ml. ukuphatha ama-insulin ama-insulin noma kuma-cartridgeges asetshenziselwa amapeni wesirinji, ama-milliliters ayi-1.5 noma ama-3, amaphilisi angama-5 asephaketheni elilodwa. Ama-Cartridges angasetshenziswa ngamapeni wesirinji avela kuHapapen, BD-Pen.
Umuthi unesandla ekwenzeni kusebenze umphumela wokwehlisa ushukela emzimbeni wesiguli onesifo sikashukela, unesikhathi esimaphakathi, futhi siyingxube ye-insulin emfushane nehlala isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa uHumulin futhi ingenise emzimbeni, kuqala ukwenza isigamu sehora ngemuva komjovo, umphumela uhlala amahora angama-18- 24, isikhathi somphumela kuncike ezimeni zempilo yesifo sikashukela.
Umsebenzi wesidakamizwa nesikhathi kuyahluka kusuka kusayithi lomjovo, umthamo okhethwe udokotela oholayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwenziwa yisiguli ngemuva kokuphathwa umuthi, ukudla, kanye nezinye izici ezingeziwe.
Isenzo somuthi sincike emthethweni wenqubo yokuqhekeka kweshukela emzimbeni. I-Humulin nayo inomphumela we-anabolic, ngenxa yayo uvame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni umzimba.
Kuthuthukisa ukuhamba koshukela nama-amino acid kumaseli womuntu, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-anabolic protein metabolism. Kukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kweglucose ku-glycogen, kuvimbela i-glucogeneis, kusize inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-glucose eyeqile emzimbeni ibe izicubu ze-adipose.
Izici zokusebenzisa kanye nethuba lemiphumela emibi
I-Humulin M3 isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, lapho kuboniswa khona ukwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi yesidakamizwa iyaphawulwa:
- Amacala we-gxuma elibukhali ushukela ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esimisiwe - i-hypoglycemia;
- Hypersensitivity kuzakhi zomuthi.
Imilandu evame ukurekhodwa yokuncipha okukhulu koshukela wegazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-insulin, kufaka neHumulin M3. Uma isiguli sisesimweni esibucayi, ukugxuma ushukela kuholela ekwandisweni komthambo, ukufa nokufa kwesiguli kungenzeka.
Ngokuqondene ne-hypersensitivity, iziguli zingathola ukusabela komzimba, ubomvu, ukulunywa, nokucasuka kwesikhumba endaweni yomjovo.
Imiphumela emibi imvamisa ihamba yodwa, uma isetshenziswa njalo kwe-Humulin allergic reaction can go away ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokujova kokuqala umuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kwesinye isikhathi umlutha ubambezeleka kuze kube amasonto ambalwa.
Kwezinye iziguli, i-allergies ihlelekile ngokwemvelo, futhi uma kunjalo iba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu:
- Ukuvela kwezinkinga zokuphefumula;
- I-Tachycardia;
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile bomzimba;
- Ukubonakala kokushoda komoya nokwenyuka kokujuluka
- Ukulunywa okujwayelekile kwesikhumba.
Kwezinye izimo, ukungahambi kahle komzimba kubeka usongo lwangempela empilweni yabantu nasempilweni, ngakho-ke, uma izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla zivela, kungakuhle ukuthi ufune usizo lodokotela ngokushesha. Inkinga ixazululwa ngokufaka enye yokulungiselela i-insulin.
Indlela yokusebenzisa
Kuyenqatshelwa ukuphatha amalungiselelo e-insulin ngaphakathi, imijovo yenziwa kuphela ngokufihlakala.
Isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-insulin senziwa udokotela oholayo, ngenkathi umthamo wokujova kanye nemvamisa yokuphathwa komuthi kukhethwa ngakunye kwisifo sikashukela ngasinye, umthamo uncike ezingeni likashukela egazini lesiguli.
Ukuqokwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa endaweni yesibhedlela ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwe-endocrinologist kanye nokulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwamazinga kashukela wegazi kuzungeze iwashi.
Endabeni yokusetshenziswa kokuqala, udokotela ukhuluma ngezindlela zokuphatha i-insulin, nezindawo ezingenzeka, kwezinye izimo, ukuphatha umuthi okuphathelene nomuthi kuvunyelwe.
Umuthi ufakwa esiswini, emaqhingeni, okhalweni noma emahlombe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ushintshe indawo yomjovo ukuze uvikele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-lipodystrophy. Isenzo esisheshayo se-insulin senzeka ngemuva komjovo esiswini.
Ngokuya ngobude benaliti, i-insulin iphathwa emahhaleni ahlukene:
- Izinaliti ezimfushane (4-5 mm) - engela lama-90 degrees ngokungenisa okuqondile ngaphandle kokungena esikhunjeni;
- Izinaliti eziphakathi (i-6-8 mm) - nge-engeli yama-degree angama-90, isibaya senziwa esikhunjeni;
- Yinde (ngaphezu kuka-8 mm) - engela kwama-degree angama-45 elinesibaya esikhunjeni.
Ukukhetha okuyikho kwe-angle kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukuphathwa kwe-intramuscular amalungiselelo we-insulin. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanomlando omude walesi sifo ikakhulukazi basebenzisa izinaliti ezingaphezu kuka-12 mm, kuyilapho kutuswa ukuthi izingane zenze imijovo ngenaliti engekho ngaphezulu kwama-4-5 mm.
Lapho wenza umjovo, ungavumeli inaliti ingene emgodini wegazi, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukulimala kungavela endaweni yomjovo. Ukulawula indawo yomjovo akuvunyelwe.
Umuthi i-Humulin M3 - inhlanganisela ye-insulin Humulin NPH neHumulin Regular, iyenzeka ngoba ayidingi ukuthi isiguli sizilungiselele ngokuzimele ikhambi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, i-vial noma i-cartridge ene-insulin kumele ilungiswe - ipaywe ngokucophelela ezandleni zakho cishe izikhathi eziyi-10 futhi iguqulwe amahlandla ambalwa ama-degree angu-180, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze ukumiswa okufananayo. Uma, ngisho nangemva kokuxubana isikhathi eside, umuthi awupheli futhi iziqalo ezimhlophe ezicacile zibonakala, i-insulin iye yawohloka.
Ungayinyakazisi i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekwakhekeni kwegwebu futhi kukuvikele ekukhetheni umthamo ofanele womuthi.
Ngokushesha lapho ukulungiswa uqobo kulungiselelwe, isiza somjovo siyalungiswa. Isiguli kufanele sigeze izandla kahle, siphathe indawo yomjovo ngokusula okhethekile kotshwala, kulula ukuthola kuyo yonke ikhemisi.
Inani elidingekayo le-insulin lidonswa kwisirinji (uma kusetshenziswa ipeni lesirinji, idosi likhethwe kusetshenziswa iswishi ekhethekile), isivikelo siyasuswa bese kwenziwa umjovo esikhunjeni. Musa ukukhipha inaliti masinyane, isiza somjovo ngemuva komjovo kufanele sicindezelwe ngethanga.
Ukweqisa
Ayikho into efana ne-overdose ezidakamizweni zeqembu le-insulin, ngoba izinga likashukela egazini alincike kuphela kwi-insulin, kepha nakwezinye izinqubo ze-metabolic. Kulokhu, ukwethulwa komthamo ongaphezu kokusungulwe ngudokotela oholayo kungavusa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emzimbeni kuze kube ngomphumela obulalayo.
Endabeni yomuthi okhethwe ngendlela engafanele noma ukungahambi kahle phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-insulin kwiplasma yegazi kanye nezindleko zamandla emzimbeni womuntu, i-hypoglycemia iqala ukukhula, uma ushukela ungavuswanga ngesikhathi, ungaphenduka ubutha.
Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ziyabukwa:
- I-Lethargy kanye nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile bomzimba esigulini;
- I-Palpitations
- Ukujuluka
- Ukuqina kwesikhumba;
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi;
- Ukuthuthumela, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni;
- Umuzwa wendlala.
Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zingahluka ngokuya ngobude besifo sikashukela, ezinye iziguli azisazizwa izimpawu zoshukela osezingeni eliphansi. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe ushukela noma ushukela.
Nge-hypoglycemia elinganiselayo, imijovo ye-intramuscular ye-glucose kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate. Endabeni yesimo esibi sesiguli, ngokudideka, ukuquleka kanye ne-coma, ukugxila kwe-glucose kuphathwa ngaphakathi. Ukubuyisa lesi simo, isiguli sikhonjiswa ukudla ukudla okune-carbohydrate eningi.
Uma i-hypoglycemia iqoshwa kaninginingi, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umthamo womuthi olawulwa ngudokotela, ubuyekeze ukudla futhi ulungise ukusebenza komzimba.
Imibandela yokuthengisa nokugcina
Ungathenga i-insulin ekhemisi uma unemithi efanelekile evela kudokotela wakho.
Kuhle ukugcina umuthi esiqandisini ngokushisa kuka-2 kuya ku-8 degrees Celsius, ungawuvezi umuthi ukubanda, kanye nokuchayeka ekushiseni noma elangeni. I-insulin evulekile ingagcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama-15 kuye kwangama-25 degrees kungadluli izinsuku ezingama-28.
Uma zonke izimo zokugcina zihlangatshezwa, impilo yeshalofu iyiminyaka emi-3 ukusuka ngosuku lokukhiqizwa. Kuyenqatshelwa ukusebenzisa umuthi ophelelwe yisikhathi, esimweni esihle kakhulu ngeke sithinte umzimba nganoma iyiphi indlela, kubi kakhulu kuzodala ubuthi obukhulu be-insulin.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kuyaluleka ukususa uHumulin M3 esiqandisini ngemizuzu engama-20-30. Ukufakwa komuthi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni kuzonciphisa izinhlungu.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngaphambi kokulusebenzisa.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Kwenqatshelwe ukuthi uyeke ukwelashwa nge-insulin noma ushintshe umthamo uwedwa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia noma hyperglycemia futhi kubeke usongo ngqo empilweni nasempilweni yesiguli.
Khumbula ukuthi ukubheka njalo ushukela wegazi nokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yomjovo, ukondleka, ukusebenza komzimba kungaholela ekushintsheni kwezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia.
Kubalulekile ukulungisa isimo sesiguli ngesikhathi ngokwanda noma ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela, ngaphandle kwalokho i-hyperglycemia, kanye ne-hypoglycemia, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yimizwa, ukukhula komqondo nokufa.
Ukushintshwa kusuka kwesinye isidakamizwa uHumulin NPH kuya kwi-analogue, kanye noshintsho kumthamo, kwenziwa esibhedlela ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ngudokotela.
Ukusebenza kokusebenza kwe-insulin kungakhubazeka ngenxa yezifo zesibindi nezinso, kanye nezifo ze-gland yegilo. Ezimweni ezicindezelayo nesimo sokucindezela kwesiguli, isenzo se-insulin siyathuthukiswa.
Ukusetshenziswa kweHumulin M3 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela kufanele baqaphele ushukela wegazi labo ngokucophelela. Isidingo sokushintsha kwe-insulin ngokuya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi se-trimester yokuqala, iwa, ngesikhathi sesibili nesithathu - siyanda. Kungakho izilinganiso zidingeka ngaphambi komjovo ngamunye. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umthamo ungashintshwa kaningana.
Ukulungiswa komthamo kungadingeka ngenkathi uncelisa ibele. Udokotela ohambelayo kufanele acabangele izici zokudla okunempilo kukamama osemncane kanye nezinga lomsebenzi womzimba.
Imithamo ekhethwe kahle ivumela ukusetshenziswa kweHumulin M3 ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, ukubuyekezwa okuningi kwesidakamizwa kuyinto enhle. Ngokusho kweziguli, yiHumulin esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi engenayo imiphumela emibi ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zokusebenzisa.
Khumbula ukuthi ukunquma i-insulin ngokwakho kuyaphulwa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni. Konke ukulungiswa kwamthamo kanye nokushintshwa kwezigulamakhwela kwenziwa phambi kodokotela ozobhekwa ngokuqapha njalo kwamazinga kashukela wegazi.
