Isifo sikashukela - Lokhu kutholwa kuzwakala njengomusho. Kuyesabisa futhi kukwenze ucabangele isimo sakho sengqondo empilweni yakho nendlela yakho yokuphila. Ukuhlola igazi ushukela kulula. Kepha ngemuva kokuthola lo mphumela, abaningi basatshiswa ngamanani aphezulu. Ushukela wegazi 11 okufanele ukwenze nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani impilo, sizokhuluma ngemininingwane eminingi.
Isidingo sokuhlaziywa
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singadala izingane ezikhuluphele. Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka hhayi abantu abanamafutha kuphela, kepha nabalandeli abathanda ukuchitha isikhathi kwikhompyutha, badle ama-chip futhi baphuze i-Coca-Cola hamburger.
Kuyesabeka ukuthi okokuqala ngqa isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili singazinikezeli. Uma izinga likashukela aliphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke ezinye izimpawu aziveli. Kepha lesi sifo sesiqale ukubhubhisa izitho futhi siyaqhubeka.
“Ngezinga” loshukela kumuntu, kuvela ezinye izimpawu:
- I-mucosa eyomile ye-nasopharyngeal, umuntu uhlala womile;
- Ukuchama kaningi;
- Ukuvuvukala kwemikhawulo;
- Ubuthakathaka, ukozela.
Ochwepheshe bathole izinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela:
- Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luhlobene nezifo ze-autoimmune. Lesi sifo sihlasela amanyikwe, sithinta amaseli we-beta. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 bathembele ku-insulin futhi kufanele bafake umjovo nsuku zonke. Isifo sohlobo lokuqala kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukuzalwa futhi singadlula ezinhlotsheni ezivela kubazali siye ezinganeni.
- Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo luyatholakala. Lesi sifo singaba ngasiphi iminyaka, kepha abantu abaningi kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60 yokukhuluphala bahlupheka. Izicubu zesiguli zilahlekelwa umuzwa wazo we-insulin, okhiqizwa ngamanyikwe ngenani elidingekayo kumuntu. Isiguli sohlobo lwesibili singakwenza ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin yansuku zonke. Ukwelashwa kukhethiwe ngokuya ngezinga loshukela egazini.
Imitholampilo eminingi inikeza ukuvivinya ngokwehlukile kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Le yindlela yesimanje yokuxilonga ekuvumela ukuthi unqume ukugcwala koshukela ezinyangeni ezi-3 zokugcina.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwamakhemikhali, udokotela uzothola inani lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu asevele ehlotshaniswa noshukela ngokuphendula okungaphenduki. Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso samakhompiyutha kashukela egazini, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe futhi kunganakwa uhlobo lwesifo. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ayithintwa yisimo esicindezelayo, ukusebenza ngokomzimba noma ukungondleki kulezi zinsuku ezisanda kwedlula.
Isimo esijwayelekile noma esibuhlungu
Igazi lithathwa emthanjeni ukunquma amazinga kashukela. Inqubo yenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Imvamisa, ushukela wegazi akufanele udlule ku-5, 6 mmol / L. Umbundu ubhekwa njengophawu we-7.0 mmol / L.
Ithebula libonisa izinkomba zokutholakala kwalesi sifo:
| Amanani | Izinga loshukela esiswini esingenalutho, i-mmol / l | 2 amahora emva ukulayisha, mmol / l | I-HbA1C,% |
| Inkomba yokulinganisa | 3,5-5,5 | Ngaphansi kuka-7.8 | Ngaphansi kuka-6.5% |
| I-Hyperglycemia | 5,6-6,9 | 7,8-11,0 | Ngaphansi kuka-6.5% |
| Isifo sikashukela | Okukhulu noma okulingana no-7.0 | Okukhulu noma okulingana no-11, 1 | Okungaphezulu noma okulingana no-6.5% |
Izinkomba zesifo sikashukela sezinga le-glucose ziyingozi. Amanani wokuzila we-5.6-6.9 mmol / L abhekwa njengejwayelekile, kepha asemkhawulweni ophezulu. Isiguli sisesimweni esibuhlungu ngaphambi kwaso futhi sidinga ukwelashwa.
Uma, ngaphansi komthwalo we-carbohydrate, izinga likashukela wegazi lenyuka laya ku-7.8-11.0 mmol / l, khona-ke kutholakala ukuthi kubekezelelwa ukubekezelelwa kweglucose. Ngokwesilinganiso se-11.0 mmol / L yesiguli, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ihlukanisa izinga le-glucose le-0,1 mmol / L kusukela ekuxilongeni. Ku-11.1 mmol / L, kutholakala isifo sikashukela.
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwale sifo, izivivinyo zinikezwa ezinye izikhathi ezimbili. Ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kuzosiza ukukhipha i-hyperglycemia ecindezelayo. Esimweni esicindezelayo, ushukela esigulini sigxuma kanye. Futhi, eminye imithi nokuphuza itiye noshukela ekuseni kunganikeza impendulo.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Ngezinkomba ze-11.0 mmol / l, isiguli sinconywa ukuba siphinde sicabange ngokuphelele ngokudla kwakhe nendlela yakhe yokuphila. Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nge-Metformin. Umuthi usiza ukubhekana nesisindo ngokweqile futhi uvuselela ushukela wegazi.
Mina
ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezinezinkomba ze-11.0 mmol / l kukhethwe udokotela. Umuthi udakwe endle, kuyilapho ukudla nomthwalo we-cardio kungaphazanyiswa.
Akunconywa ukuthatha umuthi ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokunconywa ngudokotela.
Into ngayinye inezinkomba zayo kanye ne-contraindication, okumele icatshangwe esithombeni somtholampilo ngamunye.
Okokuqala, kususelwa kokuphuma kwe-sulfonylurea. Izidakamizwa zisiza ama-pancreas ukuthi enze i-insulin. Ngokutholwa okuhle kwe-hormone kwezicubu ezithambile, ama-Biguanides anqunyelwe isiguli. Futhi ama-inhibitors aqeda ukwanda, anciphisa ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate emgodini wokugaya ukudla.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu zesimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela yilezi:
- I-NovoNorm, Amaril, Diabeteson. Le mishanguzo inemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, umthamo ulawulwa ngudokotela ohambelayo.
- I-Glucophage, i-Actos, i-Glucophage. Bandisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ezithambile kwi-insulin ye-hormone.
- Kusukela kuma-incubators, i-Polyphepan ne-Glucobai ziyasebenza.
Amathebulethi eSiofor athathwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo uma lesi sifo sithuthuka phakathi kwesisindo ngokweqile. Isiguli sikhulise izinqubo ze-metabolic, ukusheshisa ukuwohloka kwezicubu ezinamafutha. Umuthi osebenzayo ohambisana nokudla okuphansi kwekhalori.
Ukudla njengezinyathelo zokwelapha
Njengoba kunesimo sangaphambi kweswekile sikashukela namazinga kashukela ayi-11.0 mmol / L, kuphakanyiswa isiguli esinempilo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa nokondleka okufanele, isifo sikashukela sitholakala esigulini esikhathini esifushane kunazo zonke.
Ukuhambisana nokudla okuphansi kwekhalori, kunconywa ukuhlukanisa yonke imikhiqizo ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Kuvunyelwe;
- Kuvunyelwe ngenani elinganiselwe. (Ungadla uma ufisa, kepha ungabi ngaphezu kwama-50-100 g);
- Kuvinjelwe.
Iqembu elivunyelwe liwela: imifino, itiye namasiphu angenawo ushukela. Okuhlukile phakathi kwemifino ngamazambane, ukudla kwasolwandle, ubisi omuncu olunamafutha amancane (ushizi we-cottage shizi, i-kefir, ubisi olubunjiwe).
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe kepha ekhawulelwe ifaka isinkwa se-rye, okusanhlamvu, inyama ebusayo (inyama yenkomo, isifuba senkukhu, i-turkey, inyama yomvundla), imikhiqizo yobisi enokuqukethwe kwamafutha okungaphansi kuka-1.5%, ushizi onzima onokudla kwamafutha afinyelela ku-30%, amantongomane.
Iqembu elinqatshelwe lifaka: confectionery, ushukela, ufulawa kakolweni, imikhiqizo obhemayo, imayonnaise, ukhilimu omuncu, ibhotela, uphizi, ubhontshisi, ingulube, ushokoledi, uju, iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala neziphuzo ezinoshukela.
Kuvunyelwe ukuphuza iwayini elibomvu elomile kanye ngesonto. Iwayini elibomvu lemvelo lenyusa i-hemoglobin futhi lenze nezinqubo ezijwayelekile emzimbeni.
Uma ufuna ushokoledi, khona-ke ungadla ucezu owodwa wama-tile ababayo. Kepha ukuvumela ubuthakathaka obunjalo akuvunyelwe ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga. Ukuqapha kufanele kuthathwe ngezithelo ezimnandi: ubhanana, ithini lamapheya. Ukudla kuhanjiswa nge-apula eluhlaza nepomegranate.
Izitsha zokudla ezivunyelwe zilungiswa ngokubhema noma ukubhaka kuhhavini, ngaphandle kokufaka uwoyela wemifino. Lapho upheka okusanhlamvu, ama-flakes osheshayo awasetshenziswa. Okusanhlamvu okuphelele kuzosiza ukwehlisa isisindo futhi kubuye kube ngokomsebenzi ukusebenza kwamathumbu: i-nokunye okufana nokolweni, irayisi elinsundu kanye nama-oats.
Imenyu yakhelwe ukuze ukudla kuthathwe njalo emahoreni amathathu. Ukuphakelwa kokudla akufanele kudlule i-150 g. Ukudla kokugcina kwenziwa ngaphambi kuka-18-00. Kuze kube ngu-20-00 kuvunyelwe ukwanelisa indlala ngengilazi ye-kefir ephansi noma i-apula.
Kanye nokudla, kunconywa ukubhalisela ukuzivocavoca. Kepha unganikeli imithwalo emikhulu yomzimba masinyane. Okokuqala, ukuhamba ngethayela lokuzivocavoca nokuzivocavoca ngemishini yenhliziyo kuvunyelwe.
Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingama-11.0 mmol / L, khona-ke kuyathengwa imitha kashukela wegazi. Idivayisi izosiza ekuboneni izinga le-glucose egazini. Ngokuncike ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokudla okunama-kilojoule amancane, izinkomba zokuzila kufanele zibe ezejwayelekile futhi akufanele zedlule ku-5.5 mmol / L.
