I-insulin esebenza ngokufushane yi-hormone ethile edingekayo ukulawula amazinga kashukela. Isebenza umsebenzi wezingxenye ngazinye zama-pancreas isikhathi esifushane, futhi inezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo.
Imvamisa, i-insulin ebambela amafushane ibekelwe abantu lapho lesi sitho se-endocrine sisengakwazi ukukhiqiza i-hormone ngokuzimela. Ukuhlakazeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwomuthi osegazini kuphawulwa ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, kukhishwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni - kungakapheli ama-6.
Indlela yokusebenza
Emzimbeni womuntu, iziqhingi ezithile ze-pancreatic zibhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la maseli we-beta awahambisani nemisebenzi yawo, okuholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa ushukela wegazi.
Lapho i-insulin ebambela esifushane ingena emzimbeni, ibangela ukusabela, okwenza kusebenze ukucubungula i-glucose. Lokhu kusiza ukuguqula ushukela ube ngama-glucogens namafutha. Futhi, umuthi usiza ukuthola ukumuncwa kwe-glucose kwezicubu zesibindi.
Khumbula ukuthi uhlobo olunjalo lomuthi ngendlela yamathebulethi ngeke lulethe noma yini uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kulesi simo, izakhi ezisebenzayo zizowa ngokuphelele esiswini. Kulokhu, imijovo iyadingeka.
Ukuze usebenzise iziphathimandla ezilungele ukusetshenziswa, ama-syringes wepeni noma amaphampu we-insulin afakiwe. I-insulin ebambela amafushane yenzelwe ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ngabe uthathwa kanjani i-insulin esebenza ngokufishane?
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okufushane kube lusizo ngangokunokwenzeka, imithetho ethile ethile kufanele ilandelwe:
- Ukujova kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokudla kuphela.
- Imijovo ihanjiswa ngomlomo ukuvikela imiphumela emibi.
- Ukuze i-insulin ifakwe ngokulinganayo, indawo yomjovo kufanele ihlanjululwe imizuzu ethile.
- Khumbula ukuthi ukukhetha komthamo wento esebenzayo kufanele kube kuphela ngudokotela oya kuye.
Umthamo ngamunye we-insulin osebenza ngokufishane kufanele ubalwe ngawodwana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iziguli kufanele zijwayeze umthetho. Umthamo owodwa wesidakamizwa wenzelwe ukucubungula ukudla, okulingana ngenani kuyunithi eyodwa yesinkwa.
Zama futhi ukulandela imihlahlandlela:
- Uma ukugcwala koshukela egazini kuyinto evamile, khona-ke inani lomuthi wokunciphisa lona lizoba yi-zero. Umthamo wento esebenzayo uthathwa ngokuya ngokuthi mangaki amayunithi esinkwa esidinga ukucutshungulwa.
- Uma izinga likashukela liphakeme kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile, khona-ke kuyunithi ngalinye lesinkwa kufanele kube nama-insulin ayi-2. Kulokhu, udinga ukubangena ngaphambi kokudla.
- Ngesikhathi sezifo ezithathelwanayo noma inqubo yokuvuvukala, umthamo we-insulin unyuka ngo-10%.
Izinhlobo ze-Insulin ezisebenza kafushane
Muva nje, abantu bajovwe kuphela nge-insulin yokwenziwa, efana ngokuphelele nezenzo zomuntu. Kushibhile kakhulu, kuphephile, akubangeli miphumela emibi. Ama-hormone ezilwane asetshenziswa ngaphambilini - asuselwa egazini lenkomo noma ingulube.
Ebantwini, babevame ukubangela ukungezwani okukhulu komzimba. I-insulin ebambela amafushane yenzelwe ukusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin epancreatic insulin. Kulokhu, umuntu kumele adle ukudla okwenele ukuze angaqedi ukwehla okuthe xaxa kwe-glucose egazini.
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungathandeki ukuthi iyiphi insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Udokotela oyedwa kuphela okufanele akhethe lesi noma leso sidakamizwa. Uzokwenza lokhu ngemuva kokuhlolwa isikhathi eside kokuxilongwa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ubudala, ubulili, isisindo, nobunzima besifo.
Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-insulin emfushane iqiniso lokuthi iqala ukusebenza kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngemuva kokuphatha. Kodwa-ke, kusebenza amahora amaningi. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu yiNovorapid, Apidra, Humalag.
I-insulin esebenza njengento emfushane isebenza amahora angama-6-8, konke kuya ngomkhiqizi kanye nedosi yento esebenzayo. Ukugxilisa okuphezulu egazini kwenzeka emahoreni angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuphathwa.
Amaqembu e-insulin amafushane alandelayo ahlukaniswa:
- Ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo - i-Rinsulin, Aktrapid, Humulin;
- I-Semi-synthetic - i-Biogulin, Humodar;
- I-Monocomponent - I-Monosuinsulin, i-Actrapid.
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungathandeki ukuthi iyiphi insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Umuthi othize kufanele unqunywe esimweni ngasinye udokotela oholayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kunemithamo ehlukile, isikhathi sokusebenza, imiphumela emibi nokuphikiswa.
Uma udinga ukuxuba ama-insulin ezinsuku ezithile zomsebenzi, udinga ukukhetha izidakamizwa kumenzi ofanayo. Ngakho-ke zizosebenza kangcono uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye. Ungakhohlwa ukudla ngemuva kokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
Imithamo nokuphatha
Imvamisa, insulin ibekelwa ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous ethangeni, i-buttock, i-forearm, noma esiswini. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuphathwa kwe-intramuscular noma intravenous kuyakhonjiswa. Ethandwa kakhulu ingama-cartridgeges akhethekile, lapho kungenzeka khona ukufaka umthamo othile wesidakamizwa ngokungahambi kahle.
Imijovo engama-subcutaneous kufanele yenziwe isigamu sehora noma ihora ngaphambi kokudla. Ukuze ungalimazi isikhumba, indawo yomjovo ihlala ishintsha. Ngemuva kokujova, thambisa isikhumba sakho ukusheshisa inqubo yokuphatha.
Zama ukwenza konke ngokucophelela ukuvikela izinto ezisebenzayo zingangeni emithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kuzoholela emizweni ebuhlungu kakhulu. Uma kunesidingo, i-insulin ebamba okwesikhashana ingahlanganiswa ne-hormone efanayo yesenzo eside. Kulokhu, umthamo kanye nokwakheka kwemijovo kufanele kukhethwe udokotela ohambelayo.
Abantu abadala abahlushwa isifo sikashukela bathatha kumayunithi ama-insulin ayi-8 kuye kwangama-24 ngosuku. Kulokhu, umthamo unqunywa ngokuya ngokudla. Abantu abane-hypersensitive to element, noma izingane azikwazi ukuthatha amayunithi angaphezu kuka-8 ngosuku.
Uma umzimba wakho ungayiboni kahle le hormone, ungaphuza imishanguzo eminingi yomuthi. Khumbula ukuthi okuhlushwa nsuku zonke akufanele kudlule ama-Units angama-40 ngosuku. Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kuleli cala izikhathi ezingama-4-6, kepha uma ihlanjululwe nge-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside - cishe u-3.
Uma umuntu ephuze i-insulin esebenza isikhathi esifushane, futhi manje kunesidingo sokumdlulisela ekwelashweni nge-hormone efanayo yesenzo esinde, uthunyelwa esibhedlela. Zonke izinguquko kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokugadwa kwabasebenzi bezokwelashwa.
Iqiniso ngukuthi imicimbi enjalo ingavusa kalula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-acidosis noma ikhefu likashukela. Okuyingozi kakhulu imicimbi enjalo kubantu abahlushwa izinso noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi.
Imithetho yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokweqile
I-insulin esebenza ngokufushane ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali icishe ifane nalena ekhiqizwa umzimba womuntu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izidakamizwa ezinjalo azivamile ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba. Ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu, abantu bathola ukulunywa nokucasulwa endaweni yomjovo wento esebenzayo.
Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuthi kufakwe i-insulin emzimbeni wesibeletho. Ngakho-ke uqala ukwenza izinto ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi amathuba okungena egazini noma ezinzwa alincane kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 ngemuva komjovo kumele nakanjani udle okuthile okumnandi.
Ihora ngemuva komjovo kufanele kube isidlo esigcwele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amathuba okuqhamuka ne-hypoglycemic coma aphezulu. Umuntu ophathwe ne-insulin kufanele adle kahle futhi ngokugcwele. Ukudla kwakhe kufanele kusekelwe ekudleni kwamaprotheni adliwa ngemifino noma okusanhlamvu.
Uma ujova kakhulu i-insulin, kukhona nengozi yokuthola i-hypoglycemic syndrome ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehla okukhulu kokuxineka kwegazi glucose.
Ungabona ukukhula kwayo ngezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- Indlala enkulu;
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
- Isiyezi;
- Kumnyama emehlweni;
- Ukudideka;
- Ukwanda kokujuluka;
- Izimpawu zenhliziyo;
- Umuzwa wokukhathazeka nokungaphatheki kahle.
Uma ubona ukuthi okungenani unophawu olulodwa lwe-insulin elusebenzisa ngokweqile i-insulin, kufanele uphuze itiye elimnandi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho izimpawu zibuthakathaka kancane, sebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate. Lapho ululama kancane nakanjani uzofuna ukulala.
Izici zohlelo lokusebenza
Khumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin esebenza ngokufushane kudinga ukulandela imithetho ethile.
Cabanga ngokulandelayo:
- Udinga ukugcina izidakamizwa esiqandisini, kepha hhayi efrijini;
- Izindondo ezivulekile azikhonjelwa kwisitoreji;
- Emabhokisini akhethekile kuvunyelwe ukugcina i-insulin evulekile izinsuku ezingama-30;
- Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukushiya i-insulin elangeni elivulekile;
- Musa ukuhlanganisa umuthi neminye imithi.
Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa umuthi, hlola ukuthi ngabe i-precipitate ivele yini, uma uketshezi selunamafu. Futhi qaphela ukuhambisana nezimo zokugcina, kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi. Lokhu kuphela okuzosiza ekugcineni impilo nempilo yeziguli, futhi futhi ngeke kuvume ukuthuthukiswa kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga.
Uma kukhona imiphumela emibi evela ekusetshenzisweni, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha, ngoba ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa i-insulin kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.
Imvamisa, i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane isetshenziswa ekwakheni umzimba. Kwandisa ukusebenza nokukhuthazela komuntu, futhi futhi kuyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi somiswa. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezingathandabuzekiyo zemithi enjalo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi akukho ukuhlola okukodwa kokudonswa kwemithi okunganquma le nto esegazini - ngokushesha kuyoncibilika futhi kungena kumanyikwe.
Khumbula ukuthi kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi unikeze ngokwakho le mishanguzo, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, njengokuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle noma ukufa. Abantu abathatha i-insulin kumele banikele njalo ngegazi ukuqapha ukugxila kwabo kwe-glucose
