Ayini ama-insulin antibodies?

Uhlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela yisifo esingelapheki semishini ye-endocrine, ehambisana kakhulu nokubhujiswa kwama-autoimmune kwamangqamuzana ezinqola zaseLangerhans. Zifaka insulin, zinciphisa izinga likashukela emzimbeni.

Izimpawu zokwenziwa kwama-antibodies kuya ku-insulin ziqhamuka uma kuchithwa ama-80% amaseli. I-Pathology itholakala kaningi ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni. Isici esikhulu ubukhona bomzimba wamaprotheni akhethekile we-plasma yegazi, akhombisa umsebenzi we-autoimmune.

Ubunzima bokuvuvukala bucaciswa ngenani nokuxakaniseka kwezinto ezithile ezithile zesimo samaprotheni. Akunakuba ngama-hormone kuphela, kodwa futhi:

1. Amangqamuzana esiqhingi sesitho sohlelo lokugaya olunemisebenzi yangaphandle neyokuhlobisa;
2. I-antigen yesibili evulekile yamaseli we-islet;
3. I-glutamate decarboxylase.

Onke angamalungu eklasi G ama-immunoglobulin ayingxenye yengxenyana yamaprotheni egazi. Ukuba khona nobungako bayo kunqunywa kusetshenziswa amasistimu wokuhlola asuselwa ku-ELISA. Izimpawu zokuqala zokwenziwa kwesifo sikashukela zihlanganiswa nesigaba sokuqala sokwenza izinguquko ze-autoimmune. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-antibody kwenzeka.

Njengoba amangqamuzana aphilayo ehla, inani lezinto zamaprotheni liyancipha kakhulu kangangokuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyeke ukubakhombisa.

I-Insulin Antibody Concept

Abaningi banesifiso: kuma-antibodies kuma-insulin - yini? Lolu uhlobo lwama-molecule akhiqizwa yizindonda zabantu. Kuqondiswe ekwenziweni kwe-insulin yomuntu siqu. Amaseli anjalo angenye yezinkomba zokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo oluqondile. Ukutadisha kwabo kuyadingeka ukuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin.

Ukuthathwa kweglucose engasebenzi kahle kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-autoimmune kumaseli akhethekile we-gland enkulu yomzimba womuntu. Kuholela ekunyamalaleni cishe ngokuphelele kwe-hormone emzimbeni.

Ama-antibodies kuma-insulin aqokwa njenge-IAA. Zitholwa kwi-serum yegazi ngisho nangaphambi kokwethulwa komsuka wamaprotheni. Kwesinye isikhathi aqala ukukhiqizwa iminyaka eyi-8 ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.

Ukubonakaliswa kwenani elithile lama-antibodies kuncike ngqo eminyakeni yesiguli. Emaphathini ayi-100%, amakhambi amaprotheni atholakala uma izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zivele ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3-5 yokuphila kwengane. Ezimweni ezingama-20%, la mangqamuzana atholakala kubantu abadala abahlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Ukucwaninga kososayensi abahlukahlukene kufakazele ukuthi lesi sifo sikhula kungakapheli unyaka nengxenye - iminyaka emibili kumaphesenti angama-40 abantu abanegazi le-anticellular. Ngakho-ke, kuyindlela yokuqala yokuthola ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic yama-carbohydrate.

Akhiqizwa kanjani ama-antibodies?

I-insulin yi-hormone ekhethekile ekhiqiza amanyikwe. Unesibopho sokunciphisa ushukela endaweni yemvelo. I-hormone ikhiqiza amaseli akhethekile e-endocrine abizwa ngokuthi ama-islets of Langerhans. Ngokuvela kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, i-insulin iguqulwa ibe yi-antigen.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene, ama-antibodies angakhiqizwa womabili kwi-insulin yawo, nakulowo olimale. Izakhi zamaphrotheni ezikhethekile esimweni sokuqala ziholela ekubonakala kokuphendula komzimba. Lapho kwenziwa imijovo, ukumelana kwe-hormone kuyakhiwa.

Ngaphezu kwama-antibodies kuma-insulin, amanye ama-antibodies akhiwa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Imvamisa, ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, ungathola ukuthi:

• Ama-70% ezifundo anezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zama-antibodies;
• I-10% yeziguli - umnikazi wohlobo olulodwa kuphela;
• I-2-4% yeziguli ayinawo amangqamuzana athile ku-serum yegazi.

Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-antibodies akhombisa kakhulu isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukugula kokuqala kuvame ukutholakala njengefa. Iziguli eziningi zingabathwali bohlobo olufanayo lwe-HLA-DR4 ne-HLA-DR3. Uma isiguli sinezihlobo eziseduze ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, khona-ke ingozi yokugula inyuka ngezikhathi eziyi-15.

Izinkomba zocwaningo kuma-antibodies

Igazi leVenous liyathathwa ukuze lihlaziywe. Ukucwaninga kwakhe kuvumela ukuthi kutholakale isifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlaziywa kufanelekile:

1. Ngokwenza ukuxilongwa okuhlukile;
2. Ukutholwa kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela;
3. Izincazelo zokubekwa phambili kanye nokuhlola ubungozi;
4. Ukucatshangwa kwesidingo sokwelashwa kwe-insulin.

Ucwaningo lwenzelwe izingane kanye nabantu abadala abanezihlobo eziseduze nalezi zifo. Kuyafaneleka futhi lapho uhlola izifundo ezihlushwa i-hypoglycemia noma ukungabekezelelwa kwe-glucose.

Izici zokuhlaziywa

Igazi leVenous liqoqwa kushubhu lokuhlola elingenalutho ngejeli yokuhlukanisa. Indawo yomjovo ifakwa ngebhola likotini ukuvimba ukopha. Akukho ukulungiselela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesifundo esinjalo esidingekayo, kepha, njengakwezinye izivivinyo eziningi, kungcono ukunikela ngegazi ekuseni.

Kunezincomo eziningana:

1. Kusuka ekudleni kokugcina kuya ekulethweni kwezinto eziphilayo, okungenani amahora angama-8 kufanele adlule;
2. Ukudla okuqukethe utshwala, izipayisi kanye nokudla okuthosiwe kufanele kungafakwa ekudleni cishe kosuku;
3. Udokotela angancoma ukuyeka ukuzivocavoca ngokomzimba;
4. Ungabhemi ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuthatha i-biomaterial;
5. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthatha i-biomaterial ngenkathi uphuza umuthi futhi wenza inqubo yokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Uma ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka ukulawula izinkomba ku-dynamics, khona-ke isikhathi ngasinye kufanele senziwe ngezimo ezifanayo.

Ezigulini eziningi, kubalulekile: uma kungenzeka kuba khona ama-insulin antibodies nhlobo. Okujwayelekile izinga lapho inani labo lisuka ku-0 iye ku-10 amayunithi / ml. Uma kunamaseli amaningi, khona-ke singacabangi ukwakheka kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 kuphela, kodwa futhi:

• Izifo ezibonakaliswa ukulimala kwe-autoimmune okuyinhloko kwizindlala ze-endocrine;
• I-Autoimmune insulin syndrome;
• Ukungezwani komzimba kokujova i-insulin.

Umphumela ongemuhle uvame kakhulu ubufakazi bokujwayelekile. Uma kunokubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela, isiguli sithunyelwa ukuyoxilongwa ukuthola isifo se-metabolic, esibonakaliswa yi-hyperglycemia engapheli.

Izici zemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kuma-antibodies

Ngenani elikhulayo lama-antibodies kuya ku-insulin, singafunga ukuthi kukhona ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune: lupus erythematosus, izifo ze-endocrine system. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza isifo futhi unqume ukuxilongwa, udokotela uqoqa lonke ulwazi mayelana nezifo kanye nelifa, futhi enze ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga.

Izimpawu ezingadala izinsolo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zihlanganisa:

1. Ukoma okukhulu;
2. Ukwanda kwenani lomchamo;
3. Ukwehla kwesisindo
4. Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
5. Yehlise i-visual acuity nabanye.

Odokotela bathi u-8% wabantu abaphilile unama-antibodies. Umphumela ongemuhle awulona uphawu lokungabikho kwalesi sifo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin antibody akunconywa njengokuhlolelwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kepha ukuhlolwa kuyasiza ezinganeni ezinelifa elinesisindo. Ezigulini ezinomphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa futhi uma kungekho kugula, izihlobo eziseduze zinengozi efanayo nezinye izifundo phakathi kwesibalo esifanayo.

Izici ezithinta Umphumela

Imvelo yama-antibodies kune-insulin ivame ukutholakala kubantu abadala.

Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-6 ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo, ukunqwabelana kwama-antibodies kungancipha kuze kufike kumazinga kangangokuba kube nzima ukuthola inani labo.

Ukuhlaziywa akuvumeli ukwahlukanisa, amakhompiyutha aqukethelwa kukhiqizwa ama-hormone abo noma ama-exo native (aphathwe ngomjovo). Ngenxa yokucaciswa okuphezulu kokuhlolwa, udokotela ubeka izindlela ezingeziwe zokuxilonga ukuze kuqinisekwe ukutholwa.

Lapho wenza ukuxilongwa, okulandelayo kuyabhekelelwa:

1. Isifo i-Endocrine sibangelwa ukusabela kwe-autoimmune ngokumelene namaseli we-pancreas akho.
2. Umsebenzi wenqubo yokuqalisa incike ngqo ekuqoqweni kwama-antibodies akhiqizwayo.
3. Ngenxa yokuthi amaprotheni okugcina aqala ukukhiqizwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvela kwesithombe somtholampilo, kukhona konke okuyimfuneko kokutholakala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala.
4. Kuyabhekwa ukuthi kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, amangqamuzana ahlukahlukene akha ngokumelene nesizinda salesi sifo.
5. Ama-antibodies kuma-hormone angaphezulu kwenani lokuxilonga lapho usebenza neziguli ezisencane nezineminyaka ephakathi.

Ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala ezinama-antibodies kuya ku-insulin

Izinga lamasosha omzimba wokuvikela insulin egazini liyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxilonga. Ivumela udokotela ukuthi alungise ukwelashwa, ayeke ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nento esiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini kumazinga ajwayelekile. Ukumelana kuvela nokufakwa kwamalungiselelo angahlanzwa kahle, lapho kunama-proinsulin, glucagon nezinye izingxenye.

Uma kunesidingo, kunikezwa ukwakheka okuhlanzwe kahle (imvamisa yengulube). Abaholeli ekwakhiweni kwama-antibodies.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-antibodies atholakala egazini leziguli ezilashwa ngemithi ye-hypoglycemic.