I-Hyperglycemia - iyini nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani

I-Hyperglycemia yisimo somzimba lapho inani leshukela egazini lidlula okwejwayelekile. Ngokweqile okukhulu, kunengozi enkulu yokuqalwa yi-hyperosmolar noma i-hyperglycemic coma, okuholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni. Kukhona i-hyperglycemia emnene, elinganiselayo futhi enamandla. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukuhlangana nefomu le-postprandial lapho amazinga eglucose ekhuphuka ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla. Futhi, i-hyperglycemia ivame ukwenzeka kubo kanye nasesiswini esingenalutho.

Ukuhlukaniswa

I-Hyperglycemia iyindlela yokusebenza ethatha izindlela eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Zonke zihlukile ngendlela yokwenza nokubumbeka. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-hyperglycemia onalo ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa. Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo:

• Okungapheli - kwenzeka ngenxa ye-pathologies ye-pancreas;
• I-Emotional - kuphakama ngenxa yokushaqeka okuqinile kwengqondo nokomzwelo;
• I-Alimentary - kwenzeka ngemuva kokudla;
• I-Hormonal - ivela ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-hormonal.

I-hyperglycemia engapheli

I-hyperglycemia engapheli itholakala kuphela kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Isizathu salesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi onganele we-pancreas, ongakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele. Futhi, isiphetho sofuzo esidala ifa singavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. I-hyperglycemia engamahlalakhona i-postprandial, noma ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kokudla, nokuzila ukudla okubangelwa yindlala ende. I-hyperglycemia engapheli iba ngamadigri alandelayo:

• Easy - Izinga le-glucose lidlula i-6.7 mmol / l;
• Isilinganiso - ngaphezulu kwe-8.3 mmol / l;
• Isindayo - ngenhla kuka-11.1 mmol / L.

I-Alimentary hyperglycemia

I-Alimentary hyperglycemia yisimo sokuphila komzimba lapho izinga likashukela likhuphuka khona lapho umuntu edla ukudla. Le nkomba ifinyelela ekugxileni kwayo okuphezulu emahoreni okuqala emva kokuphatha. Lesi simo asidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile, ngoba izinga le-glucose ngokuzimela libuyela kokujwayelekile emva kwesikhathi esithile.

I-Hyperglycemia engokomzwelo

I-Hyperglycemia ye-Emotional ivela ngemuva kokukhishwa kohlelo lwezinzwa, olwenza ukuthi kukhiqizwe ama-hormone egilo. Lapho ziningi kakhulu egazini, umzimba uyeka ukukhiqiza i-glycogeneis, kepha uqala ukukhipha inani elikhulu le-gluconeogeneis ne-glycogenolysis egazini. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi kukhona ukwanda ushukela wegazi.

Hormonal hyperglycemia

I-Hormonal hyperglycemia yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhishwa kwama-hormone athile egazini. Lesi sikhombisi sithintwa ama-hormone egilo, i-glucagon, i-glucocorticoids, i-catecholamines.

Izizathu

I-Hyperglycemia yisifo esingabangelwa inani elikhulu lezimbangela. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, isifo sikashukela singavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Lesi yisifo esingalapheki esitholakala kubo bonke abantu abayishumi emhlabeni. Isizathu ukuhlanganiswa okunganele kwe-insulin yi-pancreas. Yile hormone eklanyelwe ukuguqula amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngokuvamile, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngaphambi kokudla, kodwa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukubhekana noshukela owanele.

Isifo esinjalo asidingi ukwethulwa kwe-insulin, kodwa ngalo udinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetes. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sidinga i-insulin evunyelwe. Kukhona nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa esingavela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi, izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia zingaba:

• Umdlavuza we-pancreatic;
• I-Hyperthyroidism - ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone yi-gland yegilo;
• Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezithile;
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreatic;
• Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngokomzwelo;
• Ukuba khona kwezimila ku-gland yegilo;
• Ama-neoplasms ayingozi emzimbeni;
• I-Cushing's Syndrome.

Izimpawu

Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kumele azi ukuthi ziyini izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia. Isimo esitholakala ngesikhathi singabhekwa kalula futhi sivikele ukukhula kwemiphumela emibi. Uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka isikhathi eside, ubeka engcupheni i-ketoacidosis noma i-hyperosmolar coma. Izimo ezinjalo zingabulala kalula, ngenxa yalokho, zifuna usizo lokuqala. Izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia zingabonakala ngalezi ziboniso ezilandelayo:

• Ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba;
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda nesiyezi;
• Ukwanda komile;
• Ukunaka okungahambi kahle;
• Ukukhathala, ukozela;
• Ushukela wegazi ophakeme;
• Umbono ofiphele.

Uma ungakunaki ukubonakaliswa kwe-hyperglycemia isikhathi eside, ungabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu. Bangasithola lesi simo. Izimbangela zeglucose ephezulu:

• Izifo zesikhumba kanye ne-candidiasis yowesifazane;
• Ukwehla okubonakalayo okwehlisiwe;
• Ukwelashwa isikhathi eside kwanoma imaphi amanxeba esikhunjeni;
• Ukubhujiswa kwemicu yezinzwa, ngenxa yalokho ukuthikamezeka kukhubazeka khona;
• Izinkinga zesisu.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuxilonga i-hyperglycemia kulula impela. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuzwakalayo, lapho kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthola khona ngqo ushukela wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, okune-biochemical, ukuhlolwa komchamo okujwayelekile, kanye nokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kweglucose. Ukuxilongwa okuthuthukile kukuvumela ukuthi unqume konke ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wenze ukwelashwa okugcwele ngokuphelele.

Ngemuva kwezifundo ezijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwe-C-peptide, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela womlomo, kanye nokutholwa kwama-antibodies kuma-pancreas kuyenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa isifundo se-glucosylated hemoglobin.

Uma i-hyperglycemia inganakwa isikhathi eside, umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo ziyaphazamiseka. Inhliziyo, izinso nesibindi kuhlushwa kakhulu ushukela wegazi ophakeme. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukubonisana nodokotela abancane abancane: udokotela wezengqondo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela wezifo zengqondo, udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo kanye ne-endocrinologist. Udokotela wamehlo angadinga futhi ukugadwa.

I-Hyperglycemia ezinganeni

I-Hyperglycemia ezinganeni ivame kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kwenziwa uma ukuhlukunyezwa kwabo okusheshayo kwe-glucose kudlula i-6.5 mmol / L, nangemva kokudla ngaphezu kuka-9 mmol / L. I-Hyperglycemia nayo ingatholakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ochwepheshe abakwazi ukubona ukuthi iyini imbangela ngqo ye-pathology enjalo kubo. I-Hyperglycemia ivame ukwenzeka kulabo abazalwa benesisindo esingu-1.5 kg noma ngaphansi. Okunye futhi okusengozini yizingane ezinomama bazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa abahlangabezana ne-sepsis, i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis.

Ngokungabikho isikhathi eside kokwelashwa okuqeqeshiwe, i-hyperglycemia iholela ekwakhekeni kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuqina okunyuselekile kweglucose egazini kubangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho, okungaholela ku-edema noma isithebe esinamandla.

Ingozi eyinhloko yalesi simo ukugeleza komzimba kanye nokulahlekelwa okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba. Lokhu kugqame ngokuthuthuka kwe-pathologies ye-endocrine gland. Uma i-hyperglycemia itholwa enganeni, inikezwa ngokushesha umthamo we-insulin.

Usizo lokuqala

Nge-hyperglycemia, isiguli kufanele silinganise izinga le-glucose egazini lakhe. Uma ngabe le nkomba idlula umaki we-14 mmol / l, kuyadingeka ukuphatha ngokuphumelelayo amalungiselelo weHumalog noma uHumulin insulin. Isici sabo sifushane futhi isenzo se-ultrashort. Ngemuva komjovo, phuza amalitha ayi-1-1,5 wamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, qapha ushukela wegazi lakho njalo ngehora. Faka insulin kuze kube yilapho isibalo sibuyela kwesejwayelekile. Uma izehlakalo ezinjalo zingasizi i-glucose ejwayelekile, kufanele ushayele i-ambulensi.

Ukwehlisa izinga likashukela egazini, ungageza isisu ngesisombululo se-baking soda: thatha amathisipuni angu-1-2 ilitha lamanzi ahlanzekile. Le nqubo iholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-acidity, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwayo udinga ukuphuza inani elikhulu lamanzi amaminerali. Uma uthuthukisa idlozi, gcoba ithawula bese ulifaka esikhunjeni. Shayela udokotela ngasikhathi sinye.

Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa i-hyperglycemic attack, kufanele ulandele yonke imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Uzokunikeza isilinganiso esifanele nesikhathi sokuphuza imithi. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukulandela ukudla, kwenqaba ukudla okunoshukela nokulimazayo. Ngena kwezemidlalo, uhambe ngangokunokwenzeka emoyeni omusha. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelashwa okuzosiza ezigabeni zokuqala ukukhipha ukwephulwa okukhulu. Le misebenzi elula izokusiza uthole izinga lakho likashukela ngokulandelana.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperglycemia kuhloswe ngakho ukuqeda lesi sifo esenze ukuthi kugxume i-glucose emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuphela okuzosiza ukuqeda i-pathology kanye kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kubalulekile ukubheka amazinga kashukela wegazi njalo: ekuseni, ngemuva kokudla, ngaphambi kokulala. Uma phakathi nosuku kunokukhulu ngokweqile kwesimo esijwayelekile, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Lesi simo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga ze-pathological ezizobangela ukuphambuka emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi.

Ukuqondisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia, kuthathwa umthamo we-insulin ejwayelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuphumula futhi ulandele isimo somzimba wakho. Imvamisa, ukwelashwa okunjalo kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ngokushesha izinga le-glucose kulokujwayelekile. Uma umjovo owodwa ungakhiqizi umphumela, ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20, i-insulin iphinde iphathwe. Ngemuva kokumisa ukuhlaselwa, umuntu angabuya ngendlela yakhe ejwayelekile yokuphila.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela, kanye nokubukeza ngokuphelele okudingayo. Indlela ehlanganisiwe kuphela ezosiza ukunqoba i-hyperglycemia ngokweqiniso.

Imiphumela

I-Hyperglycemia yisifo esihlala sishiya imiphumela yaso. Ziyingozi ikakhulukazi kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, wonke amasistimu emzimbeni abuthaka, ngenxa yalokho imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu. Ukunganakwa isikhathi eside kwe-hyperglycemia kuholela ekukhuleni kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi, isifo sokuqaqamba kwamathambo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ischemia nezinye izifo ezinkulu. Izinkinga ze-hyperglycemia zingokulandelayo:

• I-Polyuria - ukulimala kwezinso, okukhona kuzo ukuphuma komchamo okunamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-electrolyte emzimbeni iyancipha, okucasulayo ukulingana kukasawoti wamanzi.
• IGlucosuria yinto lapho inani elithile likashukela lingena egazini. Lokhu kuthinta kabi izinso.
• I-Ketoacidosis yinto eyenzeka lapho izidumbu ze-ketone zibonakala emzimbeni. Bangena umchamo negazi.
• I-Ketonuria yisimo lapho izidumbu ze-ketone zidonswa khona ngomchamo.
• I-ketoacidotic coma yisimo se-pathological somzimba esibangelwa ukugxuma okungathí sina ezingeni lemizimba ye-ketone emzimbeni. Ingabonakala ngokuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, umkhuhlane. Kungase kuholele ekubambeni umoya, ezinkingeni, ekulahlekelweni ukwazi, kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

Umsoco

Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bezinkinga ezibangelwa i-hyperglycemia, udinga ukudla ngakwesokudla. Okokuqala, kufanele wenqabe imikhiqizo eyingozi nama-carbohydrate alula, akhulisa ngokushesha amazinga kashukela. Zama ukulandela le mihlahlandlela:

• Yidla izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku ngamakhefu angadluli amahora angama-4;
• Khuphula inani lokudla kwamaprotheni ekudleni kwakho;
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Yidla imifino eminingi nezithelo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Yenqaba ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi;
• Bheka umbuso wosuku nokuphumula;
• Gwema okuthosiwe, okunamafutha kanye nezinongo.