Konke mayelana noshukela ngamagama alula: luhlobo luni lwesifo, kungani luphuma futhi luphathwa kanjani?

Ukubuthana noma ukunciphisa isisindo ngokuzumayo, ukoma, ukuchama kaningi, ukulunywa isikhumba, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esingesihle - lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela.

Lesi sifo sikhula ngenxa yokushoda ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin. Ingozi eyinhloko yokuba nesifo sikashukela yingozi yokuba nezinkinga eziningi: ukushaya kwenhliziyo, iqembu eligcwele iziphetho, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukulahleka kombono.

Ukukhuphuka okukhulu kweshukela le-plasma kubangela ukukhohlisa kwe-hyperglycemic, okungaholela ekufeni.

Isifo sikashukela: siyini lesi sifo?

Isifo sikashukela sisho izifo ezi-endocrine. Inkambo yalesi sifo ibangelwa ukwephulwa kokuthathwa koshukela, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ye-hormone kanye nokwanda koshukela we-plasma okuvela ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Ngalesi sifo, i-carbohydrate, amaminerali, okunamafutha, usawoti wamanzi kanye ne-protein metabolism kuyaphazamiseka.

Izimbangela zokwenzeka

Isifo sohlobo 1 senzeka ezigulini ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

Ngemuva kokudlulisela izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-rubella, i-hepatitis, amaseli we-pancreatic afa ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezinobuthi kubantu.

Lokhu yilokho okubangela ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Le ndlela yesifo sikashukela iyaziveza uma kungamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili amaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone afa.

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 saziwa ngokuntuleka kokuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin. I-Iron ikhiqiza inani elanele le-hormone, kepha amaseli omzimba awakwamukeli. Abantu abakhuluphele basengozini ngoba i-insulin ivinjelwe izicubu ze-adipose. Ezigulini esezikhulile, ukubekezelela i-glucose kuyancipha.

Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokuvela kwesifo sohlobo 2:

1. isakhi sofuzo. Cishe amaphesenti ayishumi ezihlobo atholakala ekutholeni lesi sifo uma othile emndenini enoshukela;
2. ukukhuluphala. Ukuzwela kwezicubu kuyi-hormone kuncipha kakhulu kubantu abakhuluphele;
3. ukudla okungafanele. Ama-carbohydrate amaningi, ukuntuleka kwefayibha kuholela kulesi sifo;
4. isifo senhliziyo, imithambo yegazi. Kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuba nesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, ukumelana nezicubu zomsipha kuyancipha;
5. ukucindezela. Ngokuvuvukala kwemizwa, umuntu ukhula nge-adrenaline, glucocorticoids, okuvusa ukukhula kwesifo;
6. ukubonakaliswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukucindezela kwegazi okwehlisa izidakamizwa, ama-diuretics, ama-glucocorticoid ama-synthetic ama-hormone kunganciphisa ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose.

Ushukela wegazi

Ushukela we-Plasma akuxhomekile eminyakeni yesiguli:

• 3 - 5.5 mmol / l - okujwayelekile;
• I-5 - 6 mmol / l - isifo sikashukela.

Uma uphawu lwe-6 mmol seludluliwe, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukubekezelela ushukela kuncishisiwe, futhi i-carbohydrate metabolism iyaphazamiseka.

Ushukela wegazi kushukela

Kuma-diabetes, amanani izinkomba ezijwayelekile ahlukahluka kakhulu kumanani abantu abanempilo. Ukwanda kwe-10 mmol / l kubhekwa njengokuyingozi. Uma izinga likashukela we-plasma lisukela ku-13 liye ku-17 mmol / l, isiguli sakha isimo esiyingozi - i-ketoacidosis.

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela

Isifo sohlobo lokuqala siqala ukukhula lapho amaseli e-endocrine - izikebhe zeLangerhans - zamanyikwe ziyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele.

I-hormone ikhuthaza ukugeleza kwe-glucose kumaseli, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezinamafutha. Isebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngamaseli, ivimbela ukweqiwa kwamafutha.

Ngokuntuleka kwehomoni, ushukela awangeni emangqamuzaneni, kodwa ungene egazini. ISorbitol, i-glycated hemoglobin, iqala ukuqongelela izicubu zomzimba. Lezi zinto zifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwamabala, i-angiopathy, ukubukeka kokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwezinzwa, kanye nomonakalo ohlanganyele.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuthola lesi sifo, kunqunyelwe:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-capillary. Ucwaningo lwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho;
• urinalysis. Hlola umchamo we-glucose kanye nokuba khona kwezidumbu ze-ketone. Ukuvela kweshukela kuyo kunganqunywa kusetshenziswa imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola. Okuqukethwe okuncane kwayo kubizwa ngokuthi umgoqo we-renal;
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Izinga lazo likashukela likhuphuka kakhulu.
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-C-peptides ne-insulin. Izinkomba zohlobo lokuqala lokugula ziyancishiswa, bese kwesesibili - zingashintshiwe;
• ukuhlolwa kokuzivocavoca kunquma ukubekezelela ushukela. Kwenziwa kuqala kusisu esingenalutho. Kabili ngezikhathi ezithile zehora, isiguli siphuza i-glucose encibilikisiwe emanzini, isilinganiso senziwa futhi.

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela

Enye yezimpawu zokuqala zokukhula kwalesi sifo ukwanda kokuphuma komchamo, ukunxenxa okuvame ukwenziwa ebusuku.

Futhi, isiguli somile kakhulu, ngoba uketshezi oluningi luhamba nomchamo. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uthola indlala enkulu.

Naphezu kwesifiso sokudla, ezinye iziguli zilahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zokuqala ezilandelanayo zohlobo lwesifo kuqala ukukhula ngokushesha.

Izimpawu

Ngokugula kwamafomu womabili, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kuyimpawu:

• isikhumba esikhanyayo;
• ikhanda
• umuzwa womlomo owomile;
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
• ukwakheka kwezilima zokupholisa amanxeba;
• ukungaboni kahle

Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo lubonakala ngokubonakala kwe-acetone kumchamo. Umuthi wenziwa ngenxa yokonga kwamafutha okushisa.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Lesi sifo sihlukaniswa ngemibandela ehlukene: ngokusho kwe-etiology, ubukhulu bendawo yesifo, izigaba zokukhula kwayo.

I-Etiology

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokugula zihlukaniswa:

1. uhlobo lokuqala. Kubizwa ngokuthi "ubusha", kepha abantu beminyaka yonke bangagula;
2. uhlobo lwesibili. Isiguli sihlakulela ukumelana ne-insulin;
3. isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Isimilo kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe. Izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemuva kokubeletha.

Ngokuya kobunzima besi sifo

Inkambo emnene yalesi sifo ibonakala ngokweqile okujwayelekile kweshukela we-plasma glucose - hhayi ngaphezu kwe-8 mmol / l esiswini esingenalutho.

Ngokuqina kwesifo okulinganiselayo, ushukela ukhuphuka ufike ku-14 mmol / L. Izimpawu ze-ketoacidosis ziyatholakala. Kwezinye iziguli, i-angioneuropathy iyatholakala.

Ezimweni ezinzima zesifo, izinga likashukela likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-15 mmol / L. Iziguli zidinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okuqhubekayo. Ngefomu lesinxephezelisiwe salesi sifo, amanani ajwayelekile we-plasma glucose angatholwa uma engekho kuwo umchamo.

Ngefomu eligciniwe, izinga likashukela alifani kakhulu nokujwayelekile, akukho i-acetone kumchamo. Isigaba esinciphile sesifo asivumeli ukwehlisa ushukela we-plasma, sithuthukise i-carbohydrate metabolism. Emchamweni, i-acetone iyatholakala, ubungozi bokuqhamuka ne-hyperglycemic coma uyanda.

Izinkinga

Lesi sifo siyingozi ngezinkinga: ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezitho zombono (angiopathy, retinopathy), amalunga (i-neuropathy). Ngokukhula konyawo lwesifo sikashukela, kuvela i-gangrene yomlenze, okuholela ekufeni.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela

Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuqeda izimpawu eziphambili zesifo. Kufaka:

• isinxephezelo se-carbohydrate metabolism;
• ukulungiswa kwesisindo sesineke;
• ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Uhlobo olu-1

Izinyathelo zokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin:

1. ekudleni. Ihlose ukunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate adliwayo;
2. ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Kudingekile ukulawula isisindo sesiguli;
3. ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Kubandakanya ukwethulwa kwama-hormone wesenzo eside nesikhashana;
4. ukufakelwa kwezindlala. Kunconyelwe i-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela.

Izinhlobo ezi-2

Izindlela zokwelapha ushukela ongaxekeli i-insulin zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu:

1. ukwelashwa okungeyona yezidakamizwa. Kusho ukunamathela ekudleni ngokusetshenziswa kokudla okuphansi kwe-carb, ukuvivinya umzimba okunengqondo, ukwenqaba utshwala;
2. ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa. Ihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa kwama-hypoglycemic agents.

Kwezinye iziguli, i-insulin ikhonjelwa isifo sohlobo lwesibili.

Ukudla kwabanesifo sikashukela

Ukudla okunesifo okubandakanya ukugula kudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic, ukunciphisa inani lokudla kwe-carbohydrate. Ukudla kufanele kuthathwe kaningi, ezingxenyeni ezincane.

Awukwazi ukusebenzisa kabi ushukela, amaswidi, ujamu, uju. Ama-rains, ubhanana, amagilebhisi, amakhiwane ane-GI ephezulu, kungcono ukungawafaki ekudleni. IBeetroot i-contraindicated emifino.

Imenyu kufanele ifake izaqathi, dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, u-anyanisi, iklabishi, i-zucchini. Iziguli kufanele zidle isinkwa se-bran. Uju lungadliwa ngamanani amancane.

Imithi

Isifo sikashukela sinqunywe iTolbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Glycvidon, Glimepiride. Imithi isiza ukukhulisa ukukhululeka kwama-hormone ngamaseli e-gland. I-Repaglinide, iNateglinide idonswa ngokushesha, ibe nempahla ekwehlisa ushukela esekela kancane.

Izibhebhe ze-Glycvidone

AmaBiguanides anciphisa ukumunca ushukela emathunjini, ukukhiqizwa esibindini. Basiza ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin.

I-Rosiglitazone ibandakanyeka ku-glucose metabolism. I-Acarbose ivimbela ama-enymes aqeda ama-carbohydrate ashukela. Ukufakwa ngaphansi kwe-insulin therapy kuboniswa ngokusebenza okuphansi kwezinye izinyathelo.

Ngabe isifo singalashwa?

Isifo sikashukela sesibili siwumphumela wezinqubo ze-pathological emzimbeni.

Kungelashwa uma ususa into eyayibangele. Ukugula okuyinhloko kwalezi zinhlobo akunakulapheka.

Ukuba khona okujwayelekile kwesifo sikashukela kungenzeka uma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcina amazinga evamile kashukela.

Ukwelashwa okuhlukile

Imiyalelo yekhemisi lesizwe ingasinciphisa kakhulu isimo sesifo sikashukela. Iziguli zingadliwa:

1. i-buckwheat. Thela isipuni sikakolweni ngamalazi amabili amanzi, shiya ukuvuvukala ubusuku. I-Buckwheat izovunda, idliwa ihora ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni, ngemuva kokudonsa amanzi. Badla indishi kuze isimo sibuyele esijwayelekile;
2. ukumiselwa kwe-horseradish. Isipuni somkhiqizo ogayiwe sithululelwa engilazini yobisi omuncu, fakwa esiqandisini sobusuku. Phuza ihora ngaphambi kokudla;
3. ukumbozwa kwembewu yobhontshisi. Izicucu ezimbalwa zithululela u-100 mg wamanzi. Uketshezi luyakhanywa ekuseni, ubhontshisi udliwa ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.

Ama-Birch buds avunwa entwasahlobo. Izipuni ezintathu zithululelwa nge izingilazi ezimbili zamanzi abilayo, gcoba futhi uphuze ukumnika okuholela usuku lonke.

Yimuphi udokotela okufanele ngiye kuye?

Izimpawu zokuqala zokugula ziyakwazi ukuthola i-Therapist ngemuva kokuba isiguli sidlule igazi ukuze sihlaziywe.

Uzodlulisela isiguli ku-endocrinologist.

Uma kuphakama izinkinga emsebenzini wezinye izitho zomzimba, udokotela wesifo sikashukela kuzodingeka abonane nodokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela ohlinza iziguli ngenhliziyo.

Ukuvimbela

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zenzelwe ukuvimba izinkinga, kubandakanya nokudla, ukulawula isisindo, ukugcina ibhalansi yamanzi, nokuvikela izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane. Ama-diabetes ayanconywa i-yoga, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba ngezinyawo.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Konke mayelana nohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela 2 kuvidiyo:

Ngomkhiqizo omncane we-pancreatic we-insulin futhi umelana nawo, ushukela ngamanani amancane ungena kumaseli, ku-plasma okuqukethwe kwawo kuyanda. Isifo sikashukela siyakhula. Umzimba awunawo amandla anele, izinqubo zokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni ziyasebenza, okubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha.

I-oxidation yamafutha ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezidumbu ze-ketone, ezinomthelela onobuthi emzimbeni. Iziguli, kanye nokulahlekelwa ushukela, osuswa ngokuchama kaningi, kuphelelwa yimithombo yokulondolozwa kwamandla, abaningi basheshe baphelelwe isisindo. Ushukela omkhulu we-plasma uvusa ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi, izinzwa, izinso, izinso nenhliziyo.

I-prognosis yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 iyathandeka kakhulu lapho kudliwa, izincomo zezokwelashwa. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwelapha isifo sohlobo lwesibili, kepha ukuvimbela izinkinga nokwelashwa kwe-insulin kuzovumela abantu ukuba baphile impilo ejwayelekile.