Isifo sikashukela yisifo esibonakaliswa ukwanda koshukela wegazi. Isimo esifanayo sifaka isandla ekuqongeleleni kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, kunciphisa ubunikazi bayo.
Isifo semithambo ye-atherosclerotic yisizathu sokuthuthuka kwezifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary kanye nezifo ezihambisana naso: arrhythmia, angina pectoris kanye ne-myocardial infarction (MI).
Kulokhu, ukwakheka kwegazi kuyashintsha, ukushuba kwamehlo nokuqina kwamehlo kuyakhuphuka. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda salesi sifo, ukufakwa kwe-myocardial kuyaqhubeka nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.
I-thrombosis ivimbela ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile, ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kuya izicubu zenhliziyo kuyaphazamiseka. Konke lokhu kugcwele ngokuthuthukiswa kwendawo ye-necrosis yakhe. Lokhu kuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Izimbangela ze-pathology
Ama-pathologies wezinhliziyo ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus abizwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo yesifo sikashukela" odokotela. Isitho sikhuphuka ngosayizi, ukubonakaliswa kwenqubekela phambili yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
Isifo sikashukela sibonisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ophakeme. Lokhu kuyingozi eyengeziwe ye-aortic aneurysm.
Ezigulini esezihlaselwe yinhliziyo, ubungozi bokuphindeka kwalesi sifo buphakeme kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-myocardial contraction, isici sobunzima bokuqhubeka kwenhliziyo kwenqubekelaphambili.
Ngenxa yokuthi ngezinga le-glucose elikhulayo, izinga lezinqubo ze-metabolic liyancishiswa, amathuba esifo esincane senhliziyo esithuthukisa enhliziyweni enkulu egxila kokuphindwe kane.
Izici zobungozi
Ngokwengeza ushukela wegazi ophakeme, ingozi yokuqalwa kwe-myocardial yokuqala ephindaphindwe kabili ikhulisa lezi zinto:
- ifa (ukuba khona kwe-IHD ezihlotsheni eziseduze: kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-55 nabesilisa abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65);
- ukubhema. Iyasiza ekugqokeni ngokushesha kwezindonga ze-vascular;
- ukukhuphuka noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umfutho wegazi ophansi. Ukudlulela ophansi kuya ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi;
- HDL ephansi ("okuhle" cholesterol) kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwenhliziyo nesimo se-vascular;
- ukukhuluphala. Linganisa ukujikeleza kwesinqe ngetheyiphu yesentimitha ejwayelekile. Uma umphumela wokulinganisa udlula i-1000 mm kwabesilisa nama-900 mm kwabesifazane, lokhu kubonisa ukuqala kwenqubo yokukhuluphala. Ingozi yokuvinjezelwa kwemithambo yegazi kusuka ekuqhekekeni kwegazi nama-cholesterol plaque ayanda kakhulu /
Izimpawu
Izithombe zenkambo ye-myocardial infarction, ehlanganiswa nesifo sikashukela, inezimpawu zayo. Njengoba sekushiwo, i-MI kwisifo sikashukela inzima, iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwenza buthaka komsebenzi wezinhliziyo, kuze kufike ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo ephelele. Inhlanganisela ye-hypertension ne-myocardial dystrophy kuholela kune-aneurysm yenhliziyo, egcwele ukugqabhuka kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
Ngokuphatheka kabi kwe-myocardial, amafomu alandelayo ayimpawu:
- kubuhlungu, ngokuhlasela isikhathi eside kobuhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum;
- isisu, enezimpawu "zesisu esibuhlungu";
- kufihliwe ("isimungulu", akunabuhlungu);
- ukuguquguquka, ngokubonakaliswa kwe-arrhythmia ne-tachycardia;
- i-cerebral, ephelezelwa i-paresis, ukukhubazeka komzimba, ukwazi ukungasebenzi kahle.
Isikhathi sesikhathi esibuhlungu singamaviki ayi-1-1,5. Kukhona ukwehla komfutho wegazi, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.
Esikhathini esibi kakhulu, izimo ezinjalo eziyingozi zingavela:
- i-pulmonary edema;
- ukuqeda kwe-hepatic filtration;
- ukwethuka kwe-cardiogenic.
Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli
I-CHF iyinkinga esephuze ukufika kwe-myocardial infaration. Kuhambisana nokuboniswa okunjalo:
- ukukhathala okusheshayo;
- ubuhlungu besikhathi enhliziyweni;
- ukuvuvukala kwemilenze;
- kunzima ukuphefumula
- hemoptysis, ukukhwehlela;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi;
- Ubuhlungu ku-hypochondrium efanele.
Imvamisa umuntu akaze asole nokuthi inhlekelele isivele yenzekile emzimbeni, aqhubeke nokuphila kube sengathi akwenzekanga lutho. Lokhu kuyingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuthiwa "buthule".
Iziguli eziningi ezihlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo zikholelwa ngephutha ukuthi “ziphunyuke ngokwesaba” nokuthi zilulame ngokushesha ngokumangazayo. Kepha lapho nje ushukela wegazi "weqa", izicubu zenhliziyo ziqala 'ukujikijela ngokwangempela emizamweni'.
Ukuxilonga
Kunezindlela ezi-3 eziphambili isifo ezaziwa ngazo isifo:
- ukubukeka kwesiguli, izikhalazo zakhe;
- idatha etholwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi;
- imininingwane etholakala emiphumeleni ye-ECG.
Cishe i-25% yamacala, akukho zinguquko ezitholakele ku-ECG. Kepha isifo esivela kulokhu asiba yingozi.
Ngakho-ke, kunezinye izinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni. Uma kusolwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isiguli singalashwa esibhedlela. Uma ephikelela ngokuhlala ekhaya, khona-ke ingozi yokufa kwakhe ngalo kanye usuku lokuqala lwalesi sifo lenyuka kaningi.
Esibhedlela, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilonga:
- i-echocardiography;
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-X-ray. Indlela entsha yokuxilongwa kwe-x-ray yi-angiography. Kusetshenziswa i-Medium ephakathi kuvumela ukuthi ukhombe izindawo zemithambo yegazi ene-patency ekhawulelwe ngenxa yamathafa e-atherosulinotic kanye nezigaba zegazi;
- I-compact tomography, MRI. Imininingwane etholakalayo ikuvumela ukuba uhlole ngokunembile isimo senhliziyo.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Ukwelashwa kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Uma "isitsha sezimbali" sinesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kuba nzima kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kahle, ukwelashwa okuvamile kwe-thrombolytic kungaphansi kunezindlela ezintsha ezinjenge-vasent stenting ne-angioplasty.
I-Coronary Angioplasty
Umphumela omuhle ukuhlanganiswa kokulashwa kwezidakamizwa nokungenelela okuphakathi kwezikhathi. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwemikhumbi ye-coronary eyenziwe engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nezinkinga.
Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa i-metabolic therapy, ngoba isifo sikashukela sihlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Iphuzu elibalulekile kwezokwelapha i-normalization kanye nokuqina koshukela wegazi.
Ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kusetshenziswa amaqembu alandelayo wezidakamizwa:
- imithi ehlose ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi;
- i-thrombolytic, izidakamizwa ze-anticoagulant;
- abamelene ne-calcium;
- imithi enomphumela we-antiarrhythmic;
- beta blockers.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuhambisana nenkinga yezindlela ezilula zokuvimbela kuzonciphisa amathuba we-pathologies wezinhliziyo:
- ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol yegazi;
- ukubonisana njalo nodokotela wezinhliziyo ne-endocrinologist;
- ukulawula kweglucose. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukuthenga i-glucometer;
- ukwenqaba ngokuphelele iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala nokubhema;
- umsoco ofanele. Igama elithi "ukudla" lapha alilungile ngokuphelele. Ukudla okufanele kufanele kube yingxenye yendlela yokuphila;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ebekwe udokotela;
- ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ubuhle bokulala nokuphumula;
- ukusebenza ngokomzimba okulinganiselayo, kuvunyelwene nochwepheshe;
- ukusekela ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukudla ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela
Esontweni lokuqala nesigamu ukusuka ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, kuphakama isidlo esiyinhlaka:
- isobho elibunjiwe lemifino (ngaphandle kwezobho lamazambane);
- okusanhlamvu: ama-buckwheat abilisiwe, i-oatmeal;
- inhlanzi eshiziweyo noma ebilisiwe;
- kusuka emikhiqizweni yobisi - iyogathi, ushizi wasekhishini onamafutha amancane, i-kefir;
- inyama ebilisiwe ephekiwe;
- i-omelet yomusi evela kumaprotheni.
Kancane kancane, uhlu lwezitsha lungandiswa. Noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukwenqaba imikhiqizo enjalo:
- ufulawa omhlophe, imikhiqizo equkethe;
- okusanhlamvu: ilayisi, semolina;
- ukudla okuthosiwe, okunamafutha;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphezulu;
- okubhemayo, okusemathinini, imikhiqizo ekhethiwe.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuhambisana nombuso wokuphuza. Inani elikhulu loketshezi phakathi nosuku ilitha elilodwa.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nesifo senhliziyo ne-infyoctional yesifo sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Isikhathi sokwelashwa nokululama kusuka ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo sikashukela sincike esimweni se-vasculature nokuthi ulimale kangakanani umsipha wenhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside unesifo sikashukela esingasebenzi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokulimala kwezinso likashukela.
