Isifo sikashukela sezinhlobo zokuqala nesesibili siyisifo esiyingozi esishintsha kakhulu indlela yokuphila ejwayelekile.
Uma ikhona, ezinye izidakamizwa kumele zisetshenziselwe impilo, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin.
Omunye wale mishanguzo nguHumulin, imiyalo ekulesi sihloko. Manje sisetshenziselwa ini?
Indlela yokusebenzisa
Umuthi okukhulunywa ngawo unqunyelwe ukwephulwa kwe-digestibility yama-carbohydrate ezinhlobo zokuqala nezesibili.
Njengomthetho, ukusetshenziswa kweHumulin mhlawumbe esigabeni sokumelana nezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic ezenzelwe ukuphathwa ngomlomo.
I-Humulin iyanconywa futhi nge-ketoacidosis, i-ketoacidotic ne-hyperosmolar coma, isiphithiphithi se-endocrine esibonakala ngokungahambi kahle kokudla kwama-carbohydrate, okwavela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (nokungasebenzi ngokuphelele kokudla okukhethekile). Kuyadingeka nasezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, esivele ngenxa yezifo ezimbi ezithathelanayo.
Ngokuqondene nendlela yokusetshenziswa kweHumulin, umthamo nendlela yokusetshenziswa kunqunywa ngawodwa kunoma yisiphi isiguli. Kuzo zombili izigaba, kususelwa ebukhoneni beshukela egazini ngaphambi kokudla nemizuzu engamashumi ayisithupha ngemuva kwalokhu, inani lesidakamizwa elifanelekile liyakhethwa. Izikhathi ezibalulekile namanje yizinga le-glucosuria kanye nezimpawu zesifundo salesi sifo.
Umuthi uvame ukuphathwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma i-intramuscularly. Umjovo kufanele wenziwe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla okuqondile.
Ngokuyisisekelo, abantu abaningi bakhetha umzila wokuqondisa wokuphatha.
Lapho kukhona i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela noma ukhubazekile onesifo sikashukela, uHumulin angalawulwa ngokubandakanyeka noma ngokuxinana. Lokhu kusebenza futhi esikhathini sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Umthamo
Njengomthetho, udokotela ukhetha umthamo weHumulin. Imvamisa, ochwepheshe banquma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, okususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwesidakamizwa esisodwa. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi uHumulin Regular uvunyelwe ukuphathwa yize kungekho ezinye izinhlobo ze-insulin. Ungasebenzisa futhi imijovo eminingi nsuku zonke.
I-Humulin NPH
I-Humulin NPH, i-Humulin L, i-Humulin Ultralente ingasetjenziswa njengemijovo ngaphandle kwezinye izinhlobo zamahhala we-pancreatic hormone Kwanele amahlandla amabili ngosuku.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi eminingana esekelwe kwe-insulin ukuthi, uma kunesidingo, inhlanganisela Umuthi okukhulunywa ngayo nezidakamizwa ezifanayo kungenzeka. Lapho uhlanganisa izakhi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane kufanele idonswe kwisirinji kuqala. Kunconywa ukujova ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxuba.
Kepha imali evela eqenjini likaHumulin M ibhekwa njengengxubevange yokusebenzisa. Imijovo emibili yalesi sidakamizwa yanele ngosuku.
Njengomthetho, kunoma yikuphi ukuphatha, umthamo akufanele ube ngaphezu kwama-40 amayunithi.
Ukushintsha kusuka kweminye imikhiqizo equkethe i-insulin kudinga indlela ngokucophelela.
Lapho udlulisela ezinye iziguli zesifo sikashukela kusuka ku-insulin yemvelaphi yezilwane ziye kuHumulin, ukwehliswa okukhulu komthamo wokuqala noma ngisho noshintsho esilinganisweni sezidakamizwa zezikhathi ezihlukile zokuvezwa kungadingeka.
Ukunciphisa inani le-insulin kungenziwa ngokushesha noma ngokulandelana. Imvamisa indlela yesibili ithatha amasonto ambalwa. Amathuba okuncipha kweshukela le-serum yegazi ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kusuka kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin kuye kwelinye liphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela uma umthamo wansuku zonke ungaphansi kwamayunithi angama-40.
Ukushintshwa kusuka kolunye uhlobo lomuthi kuya kolunye ezigulini ze-endocrinologists ezithola i-insulin kuphela ngethamo lansuku zonke elingamayunithi angaphezu kwe-100, kufanele lenziwe esibhedlela kuphela.
Isidingo se-insulin singakhula ngesikhathi sesifo esithathelwanayo noma ngokucindezela okukhulu kwesimo semizwa.
Futhi, umthamo owengeziwe ungadingeka ngenkathi kusetshenziswa eminye imithi. Isibonelo, lapho umuntu ethatha inzalo yokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, ama-corticosteroids, kanye nama-hormone egilo.
Isidingo esikhulu sokushintshwa kwe-pancreatic hormone singancipha lapho kunezifo zohlelo lwe-excretory nesibindi, kanye nokwazisa kwezidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-hypoglycemic. Njengomthetho, lokhu okugcina kufaka phakathi i-MAO inhibitors kanye ne-BAB engakhethi.
Ngesikhathi sokuthwala ingane, isidingo se-insulin siyancipha kancane kancane. Lokhu kubonakala kahle ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Kodwa umthamo owengeziwe we-pancreatic hormone uyadingeka ku-trimesters yesibili neyesithathu.
Ukweqisa
Uma umthamo ovumelekile womuthi udlulwa, kubonakaliswa izimpawu ezinzima zokweqisa.
Izimpawu zokweqisa zifaka i-hypoglycemia, ebonakala ngendlela yokubola, ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki, ukozela, ikhanda elingabekezeleleki, ukufikelwa yinhliziyo, ukukhuphuka kokujuluka, ukunxusa ukuhlanza nokuphelelwa yimizwa.
Ukuze uqede lezi zimpawu zomalavuza, kufanele uqale ngokushesha ukwelashwa okufanele. Ukungaphenduki okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-hypoglycemic kungaqedwa ngokunikeza i-glucose noma ushukela ngendlela ye-liquid.
Kepha ukulungiswa kwezinga eliqinile lalesi simo kuyadingeka ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwe-intramuscular noma subcutaneous yesidakamizwa esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi yi-glucagon. Esinye isiguli kufanele sinikeze isiphuzo esimnandi. Umuntu okhubazekile, kanye nalapho kungekho khona ukusabela komjovo weGlucagon, kufanele anikezwe i-glucose ye-intravenous.
Imiphumela emibi
Isiguli singathola ukusabela okungekuhle njengoku:
- i-urticaria;
- i-angioedema;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukuphefumula
- ingcindezi yehlela endaweni ephuthumayo;
- i-hypoglycemia;
- isikhumba sobuso, umzimba, izingalo nemilenze;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- umjuluko;
- ukuthuthumela kwemikhawulo ephezulu nangaphansi;
- ukuvuka
- ukukhathazeka okuphikelelayo;
- i-paresthesia emlonyeni;
- ikhanda;
- ukozela
- ukuphazamiseka kobuthongo obukhulu;
- ukwesaba
- amazwe acindezelayo;
- ukungahambi kahle;
- ukusebenza kwe-atypical;
- ukungaqiniseki kokunyakaza;
- ukukhuluma okungalungile nokukwazi ukubona;
- i-hypoglycemic coma;
- i-hyperglycemia;
- isifo sikashukela acidosis.
Isibonakaliso sokugcina sivame ukubonwa ngokufakwa komthamo ophansi wesidakamizwa okukhulunywa ngaso. Kungenzeka futhi uma uphuthelwa umjovo olandelayo.
Olunye uphawu oluseceleni lungahlukaniswa ngokuthi ukungazi kahle kahle, okuzibonakalisa ngesimo sokuthuthuka kokuthanda nokuzitika. Ngisho nesiguli ekuqaleni kokwelashwa saphawula i-edema eminingi nokuphazamiseka okungalungile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpawu azihambelani futhi zinyamalala ngokuphelele ngokuqhubeka kokwelashwa okukhethekile.
Ukusebenzelana kwezidakamizwa
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lokufakwa esikhundleni se-pancreatic hormone yabantu lungasetshenziswa nge-hypoglycemia kanye nokuba khona kokuzwela okwengeziwe kwe-insulin noma kwesinye sezakhi ezisebenzayo zomuthi okukhulunywa ngaso. IHumulin nayo ayihambelani nezixazululo zezinye izidakamizwa.
Umphumela wayo oqinile we-hypoglycemic uthuthukiswa ngama-sulfonamides (kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic ezenzelwe ukuphathwa ngomlomo).
Futhi, umphumela oyinhloko walo muthi uvuselelwa ngama-ejenti anjengeMao inhibitors (Furazolidone, Procarbazine kanye ne-Selegiline), i-inhibitors ye-carbonic anhydrase, i-ACE inhibitors, ama-NSAIDs, ama-anabolic steroid, ama-tetracyclines, Clofibrate, uKetoconazole, uPyridoxine, uChloroquinine.
Ithonya elikhulu lomuthi lincishiswa ama-Glucagon, Somatropin, GCS, ama-contraceplication omlomo, i-thiazide ne-loop diuretics, i-BMCC, ama-hormone we-thyroid, i-Sulfinpyrazone, i-sympathomimetics, ama-anticepressants ama-triceclic, ama-antagonists e-H1.
Kepha ama-beta-blockers, anjenge-Reserpine, i-Octreotide, iPentamidine angakhuphuka futhi anciphise izenzo eziphambili ze-hypoglycemic zokuthatha indawo yomuntu osetshenziselwa ukubonwa njenge-pancreatic.
Khipha ifomu
I-Humulin ivame ukutholakala njengokumiswa okukhethekile kokuphathwa kwe-intramuscular, subcutaneous and intravenous management. Ibhodlela elilodwa liqukethe u-10 ml wale nto.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba
Okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala ingane ukugcina izinga elifanele likashukela ku-serum yegazi.
Lokhu kusebenza kuphela kulabo abelashwa nge-insulin.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abesifazane abanale nkinga ye-endocrine kumele bazise udokotela wabo ngezinhloso zabo zokuba nengane. Ukuqapha ngokuhlolisisa amazinga kashukela egazi kubalulekile kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa kanye nokubuyekezwa komuthi uHumulin kule vidiyo:
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushintshwa kohlobo noma uhlobo lwehomoni yokufakelwa ye-pancreatic, efana ncamashi nomuntu, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kodokotela ohambelayo. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uzikhethele izidakamizwa ngokwakho, ngoba zingahle zingalungele isimo esithile sesifundo. Indlela efanele yokwelashwa izovikela kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela.
