Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokushona kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela yimivimbo, ukuqina kwezinso noma inhliziyo, kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Lokhu kufakazelwe izibalo.
Mayelana necala lokugcina, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izicubu zamaphaphu zincane kakhulu futhi zinama-capillaries amaningi amancane.
Futhi lapho zibhujiswa, izindawo ezinjalo ziyakhiwa ukuthi ukufinyelela kumaseli asebenzayo amasosha omzimba ne-oksijini kunzima. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlobo oluthile lokulimala noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza lungenzeka ezindaweni ezinjalo, umzimba ongeke ukwazi ukubhekana nazo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokufinyelela. Isifo sikashukela nesifo samaphaphu kuyinhlanganisela ebulalayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezifo
Isifo sikashukela asithinti ngqo imigwaqo yomoya. Kepha ubukhona bayo ngandlela thile buthisa imisebenzi yazo zonke izitho zomzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sifo, ukubhujiswa kwamanethiwekhi we-capillary kwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezilimele zamaphaphu ziyehluleka ukuthola umsoco owanele, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo kanye nomsebenzi wokuphefumula kwangaphandle.
Ngokuvamile, iziguli zinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- i-hypoxia iyaqala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi sokuphefumula kwenzeka;
- umthamo obalulekile wamaphaphu uyancipha.
Lapho isifo sikashukela senzeka ezigulini, ukuthikamezeka kwamasosha omzimba kuvame ukubonwa, okuthinta isikhathi sesifo.
Ngenxa yenyumoniya, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu koshukela wegazi, okuwukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Lapho kutholwa lesi simo, kufanele kutholakale izindlela ezimbili zokuxilongwa ngasikhathi sinye.
I-pneumonia
Izinduna kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kungenxa yokutheleleka kohlelo lokuphefumula.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-pathogen kwenzeka ngamaconsi omoya. Ngenxa yezinga elikhulayo le-glucose egazini lomuntu, kudaleka izimo ezinhle zokungena kwezifo ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.
I-pneumonia
Isici sesifundo se-pneumonia kusifo sikashukela yi-hypotension, kanye noshintsho esimweni sengqondo somuntu. Kwezinye iziguli, zonke izinkomba zesifo ziyafana nezimpawu zokutheleleka okujwayelekile kokuphefumula.
Esikhathini sikashukela nge-hyperglycemia, i-pulmonary edema ingahle ivele. Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ama-capillaries esitho eba i-permeable ngokuphelele, amasosha omzimba nawo aba buthaka kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwama-macrophages nama-neutrophils kuhlanekezelwa.
Uma inyumoniya itholakala ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, izimpawu ezilandelayo zalesi sifo zingabonakala:
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme lifike ema-degree angama-38, kuyilapho kungaba nomkhuhlane (kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezigulini esezikhulile akukho ukwanda okushisa komzimba, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizimba yabo ibuthakathaka kakhulu);
- ukukhwehlela okwomile, kancane kancane kuphenduka kube manzi (ngokukhwehlela kanzima endaweni yamaphaphu athintekile, kubuhlungu kungavela);
- amakhaza;
- ikhanda elibuhlungu;
- ukuphefumula
- ukuntuleka okuphelele kwesifiso sokudla;
- isiyezi esivamile;
- ukungaphatheki kahle kwemisipha;
- ukukhathala.
Imvamisa, kwabanesifo sikashukela, ukulimala ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zamaphaphu kwenzeka, futhi ukukhwehlela okunesifo sikashukela okuhambisana nezinqubo zokuvuvukala kungenzeka kungapheli izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-60.
Ukuvikela okusebenzayo kakhulu kwezinduna ukugoma:
- izingane ezincane (kuze kube iminyaka emi-2);
- iziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezinjenge: sikashukela i-mellitus ne-asthma;
- iziguli ezinokulimazeka okulimala kakhulu ezifweni ezinjengokuthi: ukutheleleka nge-HIV, umdlavuza kanye ne-chemotherapy;
- abantu abadala isigaba sabo sobudala esidlula iminyaka engama-65.
Umuthi wokugoma osetshenzisiwe uphephile ngoba awunawo ama-bacterium aphilayo. Akukho amathuba okuthola inyumoniya ngemuva kokugonywa.
Isifo sofuba
Isifo sofuba kwesinye isikhathi siba ngenye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu zesifo sikashukela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi ziguli zithinteka yilesi sifo kaningi kakhulu kunezinye, futhi amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-40 athinteka kakhulu.
Isifo sofuba
Inkambo enzima yesifo sofuba yenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komzimba kanye nokwehla kwamasosha omzimba. Lezi zifo zombili ezidingidwayo ziyathintana. Ngakho-ke, ngenkambo eyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sikashukela, isifo sofuba sizoba nzima kakhulu. Futhi, yena, unesandla ekuthuthukeni kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela.
Kaningi, isifo sofuba sikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela, umphumela waso omkhulu emzimbeni wandisa izimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Bayithola, njengomthetho, ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ngoshukela.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokuba khona kwesifo sofuba phakathi nesifo sikashukela mellitus:
- ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo;
- ukwanda kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela;
- ubuthakathaka obuphikelelayo;
- ukuntuleka noma ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla.
Ezokwelapha, kunenombolo enkulu yemibono ehlukene ngokwenzeka kwesifo sofuba ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, asikho isizathu esichazayo, ngoba izici ezahlukahlukene zingathonya ukubukeka nokukhula kwalesi sifo:
- ukukhathala okubangelwa isifo sikashukela;
- ukubola okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinqubo ze-metabolic;
- ukuvimbela kwe-phagocytosis ngokuwohloka okubukhali kwezakhiwo ze-immunobiological zomzimba;
- ukuntuleka kwamavithamini;
- ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kwemisebenzi yomzimba nezinhlelo zayo.
Isifo sikashukela esinesifo sofuba esisebenzayo siyelashwa ema-dispensaries e-TB.
Ngaphambi kokunquma ukwelashwa okudingekayo, i-phthisiatrician izodinga ukuqoqa imininingwane eminingi ngesimo somzimba sesiguli: izici zesifo se-endocrine, umthamo, kanye nesikhathi sokuthatha izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetes, ukuba khona kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela, nomsebenzi wesibindi nowezinso.
I-Pleurisy
I-Pleurisy inqubo yokuvuvukala kwamashidi wamaphaphu.
Zenzeka lapho kwakheka i-plaque ebusweni bawo, okubandakanya imikhiqizo yokubola ye-damu coagulability (i-fibrin), noma ngenxa yokuqongelela uketshezi endizeni ye-pleural yendalo ehlukile.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lesi simo sivame ukuvela kushukela. I-Pleurisy in diabetesics ivame ukwenzeka okwesibili futhi iyisifo samaphaphu esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ezokwelapha, kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokuxilongwa:
- i-serous.
- okhathazayo.
- i-serous hemorrhagic.
- i-purulent.
- ezingamahlalakhona
Njengomthetho, lesi sifo siqala ngenxa yezinkinga zesifo samaphaphu. Ku-diabetesics, inkambo yayo yimbi kakhulu futhi ithuthuka ngokushesha.
Ukuba khona kwe-pleurisy kuphawulwa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukonakala okubucayi kwesimo esivamile;
- umkhuhlane;
- izinhlungu zesifuba, kanye nasendaweni ethintekile yilesi sifo;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- ukukhuphuka komoya.
Ukwelashwa kwesimo esingesilo se-pururisy sikashukela senziwa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela zokubamba. Lokhu, ukwelashwa kwe-antibacterial, ukuthuthwa kwendle kwesihlahla se-bronchial, kanye ne-detoxation kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuyasebenza impela futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze umphumela obulindelekile.
Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-pleurisy.
Ngendlela engapheli yokusebenzisa amandla okugcwala, ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa okulondolozayo ngeke kunikeze umphumela oyifunayo, ngeke kuselaphe isiguli esimweni esibi kangako sesifo.
Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa emnyangweni okhethekile wezokwelapha futhi, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo zokusebenzisa:
- imisele evulekile;
- ukwahlukanisa;
- thoracoplasty.
Ukuvimbela
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvikela isifo samaphaphu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela:
- Ukuqapha njalo ushukela wegazi kuyadingeka. Ukulungiswa njalo kwezinkomba cishe izikhathi eziyi-10 kubambezela ukubhujiswa kwama-capillaries;
- ukuhlolwa okuyisipesheli kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound ngokuba khona kwezigaba zegazi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Ukuqothuka kwama-capillaries kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqothuka kwegazi noma ukuqina kwegazi. Ukuze wehlise ukubukeka kwayo, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezisekelwe ku-acetylsalicylic acid. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa akuvunyelwe;
- ukuvivinya umzimba njalo (okulinganiselayo) nokuvivinya umzimba njalo;
- ukuhamba okude emoyeni omusha nakho kuyisinyathelo esihle sokuvimbela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ngokuphelele ukulahla i-nicotine, futhi usebenzise i-air purifier egumbini.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nenkathi yesifo sofuba esiyi-pulmonary in sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Izifo zamaphaphu ezinesifo sikashukela zingasithinta kabi isimo sesiguli, kwezinye izimo ngisho umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukuze uvimbele ukwenzeka kwabo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabanesifo sikashukela, ngoba ngenxa yokuxilongwa, umzimba uya buthaka futhi uthambekele ekuthelelekeni.
