Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esikhula ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili ukuhlinzeka amaseli nge-glucose.
Ukusuka ekudleni, kungena egazini, kuhlinzeka izicubu ngamandla adingekayo. Uma kwenzeka ukushoda kwe-insulin, inani le-glucose lenyuka. Lesi simo sibizwa nge-hyperglycemia.
Le nqubo iyingozi kuwo wonke amasistimu womzimba. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngamandla ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Okulandelayo kuzochazwa uhlobo lweshukela sikashukela.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Uhlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela isimo lapho amaseli e-pancreatic esebenzayo eqala ukufa (banesibopho sokukhiqiza i-insulin).
Ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwabo kuvusa ukuntuleka kwaleli hormone. Imvamisa, uhlobo 1 sikashukela sitholakala ebusheni ngisho nasebuntwaneni.
Ngokuhambisana nemibono yesimanje yongcweti, ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-pathology kwenzeka ngenxa yokungatheleleki okungatheni, ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yezizathu zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokugcina, hhayi lesi sifo ngokwaso sinefa, kodwa kusengaphambili.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela kungaba:
- kuncike ku-insulin: isifo se-endocrine system, esihambisana nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin encane. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lubiza cishe 2% wawo wonke amacala. Lesi sifo siziveza kakhulu lapho sineminyaka eyi-10-13 ubudala. Ukwelashwa okuwukuphela kwemijovo ehlala impilo yakhe yonke yenza umzimba ube nesiguli;
- i-insulin ezimele: Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lwenzeka kubantu asebekhulile. Kulokhu, ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin encane kakhulu. Umzimba awukwazi ukusabalalisa ngokwanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani le-glucose egazini liyakhuphuka, ngenxa yokuthi ngalo izitsha ziba ntekenteke ngokwengeziwe. Ezinye izitho zomzimba ziyonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izizathu zokuthuthuka
Isifo sikashukela siqala ukukhula uma ama-pancreas engasebenzi kahle. IGlucose, esebenza njengomthombo wamandla, igcinwa egazini. Cishe i-15% yazo zonke iziguli zinazo lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Kuvame ukutholwa kakhulu kubantu abasha. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okuthuthuka nawo akhona kubantu abadala. Ngenxa yokwelashwa okungafanele, lesi sifo singaphenduka isifo sikashukela “sentsha”.
Singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izinto ezilandelayo ezineqhaza ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo:
- izakhi zofuzo: ingane enobaba noma umama wayo olwa nalesi sifo inamathuba aphakamileyo alesi sifo;
- izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane: ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-rubella, kanye nama-retrovirus ahlukahlukene, angathinta kabi ukusebenza kwama-pancreas. Kulokhu, ukusabela kwe-autoimmune kumaseli e-beta asebenzayo kungabangelwa;
- imithi: ukwamukelwa kwe-beta-blockers, kanye ne-glucocorticoids kuthinta kabi umsebenzi womzimba;
- ukudla: ngemuva kokuzalwa, iziguli eziningi zanceliswa amabele;
- imikhuba emibi: utshwala, kanye nokuntuleka kokunyakaza, ukubhema kungasiza ekwakheni lesi sifo.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kusebenze lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuphansi.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwabo ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile ze-pathogenic: ukucindezelwa, izifo zomzimba kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane.
Izimpawu ezibonakala esigulini ziqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, isifo sikashukela siqala ukuthuthuka. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izinkinga zingavela.
Izimpawu
Umzimba, ngokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ufuna ukopha igazi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela, ukususa ushukela omningi kumchamo. Ngakho-ke, iziguli zivame ukuhlushwa ukoma, kanye nesifiso sokuchama.
Indlala enkulu nayo kungenzeka. Iziguli zikhononda ngokukhathala okungapheli. Emazingeni okuqala, angabonakala njengokubonakaliswa kokukhathala okubandayo okuvamile, nokukhathala okukhulu.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingasolwa ngokuba nesifo sikashukela:
- ukungaboni kahle
- amanxeba angapholi isikhathi eside;
- ukutheleleka ngefungal okungalapheki.
Izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla zivame ukuba nephutha kakhulu ngokuxebuka okulula.
Isiguli siqala ukusola ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela lapho ushukela wegazi udlula wonke amazinga amukelekayo futhi ucasule lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima:
- ukulahleka kwengqondo;
- isicanucanu, ubuhlungu besisu;
- iphunga le-acetone emoyeni eliguliswa yisiguli.
Isimo esichazwe ngenhla senzeka ngoba i-acid iqongelela egazini.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuxilongwa, isiguli sidinga ukunikela ngegazi nge-hemoglobin (glycated).
Lokhu kuhlaziya akudingeki ukuthi kuthathwe esiswini esingenalutho.
Umphumela awanciki ezintweni ezengeziwe: ukubanda, ukuphuza utshwala, ukucindezela.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazi asondele kokujwayelekile - esiswini esingenalutho i-4.0-5,5 mmol / L. Amakhambi ayinhloko imijovo ye-insulin, kanye nokudla.
Isidakamizwa iMetformin
Njengomthetho, amaphilisi okunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazi awabasizi abantu abadala nezingane ezihlushwa isifo sikashukela. Uma i-pathology iyinkimbinkimbi ngokuba nesisindo ngokweqile, udokotela unquma iMetformin. Isetshenziswa njengesengezo ekudleni kanye nokuphathwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-insulin.
Ukudla
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, kunemithetho elandelayo yokudla okumele ibhekwe:
- ukudla kufanele kube njalo, kunciphise. Imodi efanele - njalo emahoreni angama-5;
- ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni ngaphandle kokweqa okungenani isidlo esisodwa;
- ukudla ngokweqile akudingeki ngokweqile (ingxenye ngayinye elandelayo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kancane kweyokuqala);
- imenyu kufanele ithuthukiswe ngezithelo, imifino emisha.
Akunconywa ukuthi udle inani elikhulu lamafutha ekudleni. Uma kungenzeka, ukupheka kwezilwane namafutha emifino kufanele kugwenywe ukugcina wonke umsoco oqukethwe.
Ukuvimbela
Okokuqala, udinga ukudla ngendlela efanele. Odokotela batusa ukunciphisa ukunciphisa i-carbohydrate. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthwalo kuma-pancreas uzokwehliswa.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ukusebenza komzimba kuyanconywa.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, kufanele uhambe njalo, futhi uhlanganyele ukubhukuda, ukudansa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ulondoloze ukulinganisela okungokomzwelo, ugweme izimo ezingezinhle futhi uyeke ukuxhumana nabangane abanomqondo ongemuhle.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Phambilini, ukukhulelwa nesifo sikashukela bekubhekwa njengemiqondo engahambelani ngokuphelele. Ngenhlanhla, namuhla isimo sesishintshile.
Ngokuqala kwemithi emisha, imishini ekhethekile, kungenzeka ukuba ulondoloze impilo kamama futhi uncelise umntwana.
Uma ubheka udokotela kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhulelwa, landela imiyalo kadokotela, kuzalwe ingane ephilile ngokuphelele. Ingozi yokudluliselwa kwesifo sikashukela, uma kuphela omunye wabazali egula, iphansi. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okudlulisela lesi sifo emntwaneni ayanda uma isifo sibonwa kumama nobaba.
Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 siyivelakancane ezinganeni. Kulokhu, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zinobuntu: ukugabha kaningi, ingane ayitholi isisindo, ama-diapter aba "inkanyezi" ngemuva kokoma, ukuphuma komzimba emzimbeni.
Ezinganeni ezifunda isikole, isifo sikashukela siveza okulandelayo:
- ukuntuleka kokudla;
- ngemuva kokudla, ukugabha kuyavula;
- ubuqili noma ukwanda kokucasuka kuyabonakala.
Ngokuqondene nentsha, iba nokukhathala, kanye nokuzwa ikhanda njalo, ukusebenza kwezifundo kuya kusiba nzima, futhi nokunyuka kokucasuka kungenye. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngokungenisa i-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Izinkinga kanye nokubikezela
Phakathi kwezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu ezibangelwa ukugula ushukela, bahlukanisa ukuqaqamba.
Kulesi simo, isimo sishiwo lapho izinqubo zokuphila zesehla. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sivame ukukhipha i-ketoacidosis. Izibonakalisa njengokwanda koshukela wegazi, kanye nemizimba ye-ketone.
Izinkinga zakamuva zibandakanya isifo sikashukela sonyawo, i-retinopathy ne-nephropathy. Izibikezeli ngesimo udokotela wesiguli zimenyezelwa ngawodwana.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin nezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha
Uma kunezinkomba zokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-insulin zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo.
Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin therapy kukuvumela ukuthi usilawule lesi sifo, ukuvimbela ukuthuthuka kwaso okuqhubekayo.
Ngokuqondene nokuzila ukudla, abanye ochwepheshe batusa le ndlela yokwelashwa ezigulini zabo. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukubulawa yindlala okuphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Cishe uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kumdlalo we-TV othi "Live Great!" no-Elena Malysheva:
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela (njenganoma yisiphi esinye) isifo esingalapheki, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuselapha. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ulondoloze impilo engcono, ikhwalithi yempilo, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo zikadokotela.
Esikhathini sikashukela (okuncike kwe-insulin), ama-pancreas awakhiqizi inani elifanele le-insulin. Ngokuhambisana nalokho okuqukethwe ushukela egazini kuqala ukwanda, okuthinta kabi izinso, nemithambo yegazi nezinye izitho zomzimba. Izinkinga zivame ukuvela ezimweni ezinzima, okungaholela ekukhubazekeni.
