Insulin Degludek

Yonke imishini yokufaka insulin ngokuya ngesikhathi somphumela we-pharmacological ihlukaniswe izidakamizwa ze-ultrashort, ezimfishane, eziphakathi nendawo futhi ezinde. Kukhona nezidakamizwa ezihlanganayo ezenza umsebenzi wazo ngezigaba ezi-2. I-Degludec iyi-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside esetshenziselwa ukwelapha iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, zombili izinhlobo zokuqala nezesibili. Lesi sidakamizwa sesizukulwane esisha sitholakala kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-biotechnological ne-genetic engineering.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile nezinkomba

I-insulin enjalo emsulwa ikhiqizwa yinkampani yezokwelapha uNovo Nordisk, futhi ibhalisiwe ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba iTresiba. Umuthi utholakala ngezindlela ezingama-2 umthamo:

• Isixazululo kuma-syringes alahlwayo (igama le-insulin "iTresiba Flextach");
• Isixazululo kuma-cartridgeges wezibaya ezi-insulin zisebenzayo (Tresiba Penfill).

Imvamisa, umuthi usetshenziselwa iziguli ezinohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Ngemuva kokungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba, i-molecule ye-insulin eyenziwe ngcono ngofuzo yakha izakhi eziyimfihlo, okuluhlobo lwedepho yaleli hormone. Izingxube ezinjalo ziqhekeka kancane, ngenxa yokuthi i-insulin ihlala ingena egazini kumthamo oludingekayo. Umuthi uvame ukuphathwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku, ngoba umphumela wawo uyaqhubeka okungenani amahora angama-24.

Lesi sidakamizwa kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye sisetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganiswa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma i-pancreas incishisiwe noma imisebenzi yayo ikhubazeka kakhulu, ngaphezu kwamathebulethi anciphisa ushukela, isiguli singadinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Kunamagama amaningi okuhweba ama-hormone angasetshenziselwe le njongo, futhi iTreshiba ingelinye lazo. Kusetshenziswa umuthi kusiza ukuguqula amazinga kashukela egazi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba wonke kanye nokwenza impilo ibe ngcono.

Ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kokuphazamiseka kwensangu kuhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kwenza ukuthi kubhekwe ngemithamo emincane nesikhathi esifushane somjovo

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Le insulin esezingeni lezimboni ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Kutholakala ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwemvubelo oluguqulwe ngofuzo futhi "lucijiswe" lo msebenzi. Ngokubheka indlela yokukhiqiza, ukwakheka kwama-amino acid kule insulin kufana kakhulu ne-analogue yomuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-biotechnological, i-molecule ye-hormone ingabeka izakhiwo ezithile kanye nemingcele.

Izinzuzo zezidakamizwa ezijova ngokususelwa ku-insulin degludec:

• ukubekezelela okuhle;
• izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa;
• hypoallergenicity

Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa njengengxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kukuvumela ukuba ulondoloze izinga elizinzile loshukela egazini amahora angama-24 kuya kwayi-40. Ingozi yokuhlakulela i-hypoglycemia ngemithamo ekhethwe kahle yehliselwa ku-zero.

Okubi nge-insulin izindleko eziphakeme zomuthi, futhi njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuthi, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka kube nemiphumela emibi (yize kunjalo kuleli cala incane). Umphumela ongathandeki womuthi ungavela kaningi kakhulu uma irejimeni yokuphatha ingabhekwa, umthamo awanele noma irekhodi lokwelashwa alikhethwe ngendlela engafanele.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ifaka phakathi:

• ukungezwani komzimba (kaningi - ukuqubuka okuncane esikhunjeni njenge-urticaria);
• ukonakala kwamafutha;
• i-hypoglycemia;
• isicanucanu, nobuhlungu besisu, uhudo;
• ubuhlungu nokubomvu endaweni yokujova;
• ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Umuthi ezimweni eziningi ubekezeleleka kahle futhi umphumela ojwayelekile ojwayelekile impela ukukhohlakala endaweni yomjovo. Kepha ukubonakaliswa okunjalo, ngeshwa, kuwuphawu lwezinhlobo eziningi zomuthi ezingalashwa. Ukwehlisa amathuba okushintsha okuwohlokayo kwezicubu ze-adipose ngomjovo ngamunye we-insulin, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe indawo yomzimba. Lokhu kuvumela izicubu ezingaphansi ukuthi zihambelane kalula nemijovo futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhamuka kwezimpawu zasolwandle nezinguquko ezibuhlungu.

Ipeni le-insulin elisetshenziselwa wena kuphela. Ukuze ugweme ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngegazi, alikwazi ukudlulisela kunoma ngubani, ngisho nezihlobo ezisondelene naye

Izeluleko Zokuphepha Eziphephile

Umuthi uhloselwe ukuphatha okungaqondakali kuphela. Awukwazi ukuphathwa ngokuhlinzwa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni okusheshayo koshukela kanye nokukhula kwe-hypoglycemia enzima. Imijovo ye-Intramuscular nayo ayivunyelwe, ngoba iphazamisa ukumuncwa okujwayelekile komuthi.

Izinhlobo ze-insulin nezenzo zazo

Umthamo womuthi kufanele ukhethwe ngudokotela ohambelayo, ngokususelwa ezimeni zokugula kwesiguli kanye nokuba khona kwe-concomitant pathologies yezinye izitho nezinhlelo. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, umuthi uvame ukunqunywa isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku. Akukona ukuphela komuthi, ngoba asivimbi isidingo sesiguli se-insulin esisebenza ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla. Ngakho-ke, kunqunyelwe ngokuhlangana namanye ama-insulin wesenzo esifushane noma se-ultrashort.

Kukhona umuthi wokuhlanganisa oqukethe zombili i-aspart insulin ne-degludec. I-Aspart iwuhlobo lwamahomoni okwenziwa kafushane, ngakho-ke le nhlanganisela ikuvumela ukuthi wenqabe imijovo eyengeziwe ngaphambi kokudla. Kodwa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwalo muthi akufani emaqenjini ahlukahlukene eziguli futhi kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganyelayo, ngakho-ke udokotela kuphela okufanele akunikeze.

Contraindication nokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin degludec:

• ukukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa;
• iminyaka yesiguli ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-18 (ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezifundo ezinkulu zemitholampilo ezinkulu eziphathelene nemiphumela yomuthi emzimbeni wezingane);
• ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kanye nokungezwani komzimba kwizakhi zomuthi.

I-Degludek uhlobo lwe-insulin yokwenziwa eguquliwe esetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekwelapheni iziguli ezinobunzima obahlukahlukene besifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Ngenxa yalo muthi, kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe ngempumelelo izinga le-glucose egazini ezingeni elidingakalayo futhi kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli. Ukungabikho kwezinguquko ezingazelelwe kushukela wegazi kuyisisekelo sokuvinjwa kwezinkinga ezinzima zesifo kanye nesiqinisekiso sempilo enhle.