Luhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela: izimbangela nezimpawu

Ngokungafani nohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esitholakala kwisiguli ngasinye sesine, futhi imvamisa umuntu akazi ngisho nokuba khona kokuphazamiseka kwe-pathological emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokungazi okunjalo, zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga ezinkulu zivela.

Kodwa uma uqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala bese kuba nesifo sikashukela, imiphumela emibi ingavinjelwa. Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, i-hyperglycemia ephikelelayo ibonwa ngenxa yokuthi amaseli awazwela i-insulin ekhiqizwayo.

Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwesifo aluhlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yokuzwela kwayo okuncishisiwe, amazinga eglucose egazi ngokuvamile ayanda, ngenxa yalokho imithambo yegazi ekhulayo namaseli wezitho zangaphakathi abhujiswa ngenxa yesifo esikhulayo. Ukukhetha ukwelashwa okulungile, kufanele wazi - thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2 ukuthi siyini nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani naso.

Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela sohlobo 2

Kumaphesenti angama-90 amacala analesi sifo, iziguli zitholakala zinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izimbangela zazo zingahluka kakhulu. Kulokhu, ama-pancreas ayaqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-insulin, kepha umzimba awukwazi ukulahla kahle ama-hormone akhona, yingakho ushukela uqongelela egazini futhi ubangela izinkinga eziningi.

Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-pancreas awonakalanga, umzimba awukwazi ukumunca ngokuphelele i-insulin engenayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-insulin receptors kumaseli, okubangela uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus.

Okokuqala, lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu kufanele alandele indlela eqinile yokudla futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate ngangokunokwenzeka.

1. Ngokuvamile, izimbangela zohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ukuguga kwemvelo komzimba. Ekwaluphaleni, umuntu angahlakulela ukubekezelela ushukela, okungukuthi, umzimba uphela kancane kancane amandla akhe okumunca ushukela ngokugcwele.
2. Ngobudala, izinguquko ezinjalo zenzeka cishe kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kubantu abanempilo, ukuzwela kuncipha ngesivinini esincanyana. Kepha uma isiguli sinesifo sofuzo, le nqubo yenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umuntu angathola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
3. Futhi, izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala. Ngenxa yokukhuluphala ngokweqile, kukhona ukwephula ukwakheka kwegazi, ukukhuphuka kwe-cholesterol, okuhlala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi kuholele ekwakhiweni kwe-atherosclerosis. Ngamazwi alula, ngokuvela kwama-cholesterol plaque, izakhi zomzimba nomoya-mpilo azikwazi ukungena ezicutshini nasezitho zangaphakathi, ngenxa yendlala yomoya-mpilo, ukumuncwa kwe-insulin neglucose kuyancipha.
4. Isizathu sesithathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo II senzeke ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate asheshayo. Ama-carbohydrate ngenani elikhulayo aholela ekuwohlokeni kwamanyikwe futhi kulimala ama-insulin receptors kumaseli wezicubu nezitho zangaphakathi.

Njengoba izifundo zesayensi zikhombisile, phambi kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 komunye wabazali, ingozi yengane ekhula nesifo entanjeni yofuzo ngamaphesenti angama-35 kuya kwengama-40. Uma kwenzeka lesi sifo sisakazeka phakathi kwabazali ababili, ubungozi bukhuphukela kumaphesenti angama-60-70. Amawele e-Monozygotic ngasikhathi sinye angaba nesifo sikashukela seqembu kumaphesenti angama-60-65, namawele angama-heterozygous ngamaphesenti ayi-12-30.

Uma kutholakala isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu besilisa noma kwabesifazane, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuvela kwesifo se-metabolic esifanayo kwenzeka emaphesenti angama-60-80 kwabanesifo sikashukela. Isimo sokukhuluphala esiswini sikhulu ikakhulukazi, lapho amafutha eqongelela esiswini nasesinqeni.

Ngokweqile kwezicubu ezinamafutha emzimbeni, izinga lamafutha acid lamahhala liyakhuphuka. Lo mthombo oyinhloko wamandla kubantu, kepha ngokuqukethwe okunyukayo kwalezi zinhlobo zama-acid, i-hyperinsulinemia kanye ne-insulin ukumelana kuyakhula.

Kufaka lesi simo kuvusa ukwehla komsebenzi wezimfihlo wamanyikwe. Ngalesi sizathu, uhlobo lwe-2 isifo sikashukela sitholakala kusenesikhathi ngokuhlaziywa kwe-plasma kwamafutha acid yamahhala. Ngokweqile kwalezi zinto, ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose kutholakala, noma ngabe i-hyperglycemia esheshayo ingakatholakali.

• Izicubu eziningi zidinga ukunikezwa okuqinile kweshukela. Kepha uma sibulawa yindlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-10, kuyaphela ukubonwa kwezindawo ezinoshukela egazini. Kulokhu, isibindi siqala ukuhlanganisa ushukela kusuka ezintweni zemvelo engeyona eye-carbohydrate.
• Ngemuva kokudla, amazinga kashukela akhuphuka, isibindi siwuyeka umsebenzi waso bese sigcina ushukela wekusasa. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhona i-cirrhosis, i-hemochromatosis nezinye izifo ezingathi sína, isibindi asiwumisi umsebenzi waso futhi siyaqhubeka nokuxuba ushukela, okugcina kumcasule uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
• Ngenxa ye-metabolic syndrome noma i-syndrome yokumelana ne-insulin ye-hormone, isisindo samafutha e-visceral ayanda, i-carbohydrate, i-lipid ne-purine metabolism iyaphazamiseka, ukuqina komfutho we-arterial.
• Izimbangela ezinjalo zesifo sikashukela zilele phambi kokuya esikhathini, i-polycystic ovary syndrome, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary, ushintsho lwama-hormonal, i-uric acid metabolism.

Imvamisa, izimbangela zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zingahlanganiswa nokulimazeka kokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kumaseli we-pancreatic beta. Futhi, lesi sifo singakhula ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezithile - ama-glucocorticoids, ama-thiazides, ama-beta-blockers, ama-antipsychotic atypical, ama-statins.

Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luvame ukuvela kumacala alandelayo:

1. Ebusweni besifiso sofuzo;
2. Ebantwini abanesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa kanye nokukhuluphala;
3. Kwabesifazane ababelethe ingane ngaphambilini enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane, noma ikhulelwe;
4. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwama-glucocorticoids - ama-analogues e-hormone ye-adrenal cortex;
5. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi unesifo i-Itsenko-Cushing's noma ama-adrenal gland tumors, kanye ne-acromegaly - isimangalo se-pituitary;
6. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40-50 ubudala ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula kwesifo se-atherosclerosis, i-angina pectoris noma i-hypertension;
7. Kubantu abasebangeni lokuqala lokukhula kwe-cataract;
8. Ngokuxilongwa kwe-eczema, dermatitis ye-atopic nezinye izifo zemvelo;
9. Ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Uma umuntu enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izimpawu ziyafana nezohlobo lokuqala lwesifo. Isiguli sikhulise ukuchama emini nasebusuku, ukoma, umlomo owomile, isifiso sokudla, ubuthakathaka obungachazwanga, impilo ebuthaka. Imvamisa imvamisa ibonakala esikhunjeni, ivutha i-perineum, ijwabu liyakhanya.

Noma kunjalo, kuhlobo lwesibili lwesifo, umehluko awuphelele, kepha ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Inani elincane le-hormone lisakwazi ukusebenzisana nama-receptors, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kwenzeka ngejubane elincane, ngenxa yokuthi isiguli kungenzeka singazi ngentuthuko yesifo.

Isifo sikashukela sizwa ukomela okuncane emgodini womlomo nasekomeni, kwezinye izikhathi ukulunywa kuvela esikhunjeni nasezimvabeni zamalungu omzimba, inqubo yokuvuvukala iba khona, kuba khona ama-thrush kwabesifazane.

Futhi, umuntu unobuhlungu obukhulu bezinsini, amazinyo aphela, futhi umbono wakhe wehlisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhishwa kwe-glucose eqoqiwe esikhunjeni kuya ngaphandle noma emithanjeni yegazi, kushukela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhunta namagciwane aqala ukwanda ngenkuthalo.

Uma udokotela ethola isifo sikashukela i-mellitus 2, ukwelashwa kuqala ngemuva kokuhlolwa okugcwele futhi sekuqediwe zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo.

Ngesifo esithuthukile, ushukela ungatholakala kumchamo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-glucosuria.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Lapho kutholwa isifo emadodeni noma kwabesifazane, udokotela utshela ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela, futhi akhethe ukwelashwa okufanele. Okokuqala, ukudla okukhethekile okwelapha kubekelwe abasebenza ngesifo sikashukela, lapho kudla khona ama-carbohydrate nokudla okunama-khalori aphezulu. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zisiza ukunciphisa isisindo futhi zibuyisele ukuzwela kwamaseli ku-insulin ye-hormone.

Uma ukudla kungasizi, futhi lesi sifo sisebenza, isiguli sithatha amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela, leli khambi likuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin futhi kuvumele ama-pancreas. Umuthi wokunciphisa ushukela uthathwa nsuku zonke okungenani kathathu noma kathathu ngosuku imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla.

Umthamo ukhethwe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngokuya kadokotela; ukuguqula umthamo uvunyelwe kuphela ngemuva kokuvumelana nodokotela. Uma isiguli sine-cirrhosis yesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela kuyaphulwa, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuhlinzekwa kuleli qembu labanesifo sikashukela.

• Ukwelashwa nge-insulin kungabekwa uma ukudla okwelashwa kungalandelwanga isikhathi eside futhi izidakamizwa ezibekiwe zingathathwanga. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ukwehla kwe-pancreatic kwenzeka, futhi imijovo kuphela engasiza.
• Imvamisa wasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha ngamakhambi abuyisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kwi-hormone. I-herbal decoctions iyasiza futhi kushukela we-mellitus wohlobo lokuqala, ngoba inegalelo ekuxhumaneni okungcono kwe-insulin namaseli wezitho zangaphakathi.
• Kepha kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi leyo ndlela ingasizakala kuphela futhi isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa okuyinhloko. Ngesikhathi somuthi we-herbal, ukudla okwelaphayo akufanele kuyeke, udinga ukuqhubeka nokuthatha amaphilisi noma ukujova nge-insulin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, onesifo sikashukela kufanele ahole indlela yokuphila esebenzayo futhi angakhohlwa ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, lokhu kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokwejwayelekile isimo esijwayelekile sikashukela noshukela wegazi ophansi. Uma ulandela njalo umsebenzi womzimba futhi udla okulungile, kungenzeka amaphilisi angadingeki, futhi amazinga kashukela abuyele kokujwayelekile ezinsukwini ezimbili zangempela.

Ukudla Kwesifo Sikashukela sohlobo 2

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indlela yokudla ekwelapheni isebenza njengeyona ndlela esemqoka futhi ephumelelayo yokwelapha, okusho ukwehluleka okuphezulu kokudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate. Ama-carbohydrate "alula", anama-molecule amancane, ngakho-ke angakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwamathumbu. Lezi zinto zifaka i-glucose ne-fructose.

Ngenxa yalokhu, emadodeni nakwabesifazane lokhu kubangela ukwanda okusheshayo kweglucose yegazi. Kukhona nama-carbohydrate okuthiwa "asindayo" akhulisa kancane ushukela - i-fiber kanye nesitashi.

Ngokuthayipha kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, udinga ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa koshukela obunjiwe, uju, ujamu, ushokoledi, amaswidi, u-ayisikhilimu namanye amaswidi. Imikhiqizo yokubhaka eyenziwe ngofulawa omhlophe, i-pasta, amakhukhi, amakhekhe kufanele ingafakwa ekudleni, futhi amabhanana kanye namagilebhisi nawo awanconywa. Lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo zifaka isandla ekunyukeni okuthe xaxa koshukela wegazi, futhi uma ingekho yokwelashwa, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaba nesifo sikashukela.

1. I-fiber kanye nesitashi kungahle kudliwe, kepha ngamanani amancane. Isiguli sivunyelwe ukudla amazambane, isinkwa se-rye kusuka kufulawa wamalahle, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, uphizi oluhlaza, ubhontshisi. Endabeni yokwanda kwezinkomba ze-glucose, kufanele uzilahle okwesikhashana lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo.
2. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okwelaphayo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuningi okungazuzisa abanesifo sikashukela. Ikakhulu, isiguli singadla izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi enyama nezinhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi ngaphandle koshukela nodayi, ushizi, ushizi we-cottage shizi.
3. Ukusuka kwimifino, udinga ukufaka ama-beet, izaqathe, ama-turnips, ama-rutabaga, ama-radish, ama-radish, iklabishi, ukholifulawa, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ithanga, ubhontshisi oluhlaza, isitshalo seqanda, i-zucchini, no-celery kwimenyu. Futhi, ungakhohlwa kusuka kuma-apula angenafakiwe, amapharele, amaplamu, ama-cherries, amajikijolo asendle.

Odokotela batusa ukuthi kudliwe ukudla okune-fiber nsuku zonke, ngoba lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu, kusiza ukwehlisa isisindo, futhi kuvamise namazinga kashukela egazi.

• Inani elikhulu le-fiber litholakala kuma-bran, ama-raspberries, ama-sitrobheli, amnyama, abomvu nama-currants amhlophe, amakhowe amasha, ama-blueberries, ama-cranberries, ama-gooseberries, kanye nama-prunes.
• Ngokwesilinganiso esincane kakhulu, kutholakala i-fiber ku-izaqathe, iklabishi, uphizi oluhlaza okotshani, isitshalo seqanda, upelepele omnandi, ithanga, i-quince, i-sorrel, amawolintshi, ulamula, i-lingonberries.
• I-fiber elinganiselwe itholakala kulesinkwa se-rye, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, ukhukhamba, ubisi, utamatisi, isithombo, ukholifulawa, amakhabe, ama-apricots, amapheya, amapetshisi, ama-apula. Ubhanana, ama-tangerines.
• Isikhunta esingatheni kulelayisi, zucchini, ulethisi, ikhabe, i-cherry, ama-plums, ama-cherries.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwalesi sifo, kukhethwa indlela yokudla ekhethekile.

Ukuzikhethela kokudla okwelaphayo

Ukudla okwelaphayo "Ithebula No 8" kusetshenziswa uma isifo sikashukela sivele muva nje. Imvamisa, ukudla okunjalo kubekelwe abantu asebekhulile kanye nezingane ukuze kusheshiswe amanani eglucose egazini lesiguli. Kepha ukunamathela kule ndlela akuyona njalo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Amazambane nezinhlamvu azifakwanga ngokuphelele kumenyu; ushukela odla inyama, ubisi nemifino emisha. Umthamo wansuku zonke awudluli kuma-250 g we nyama ebilisiwe noma inhlanzi, u-300 g we-cottage shizi, u-0.5 l ubisi, i-kefir noma i-yogurt, i-20 g ushizi, 10 ml kawoyela wemifino, i-100 g yesinkwa se-rye, 800 g yemifino emisha, i-400 g yezithelo. Amaqanda angafakwa kwimenyu yezingcezu ezi-2-3 ngesonto.

Ukunxephezela isifo sikashukela nokuvimbela ukwehlukana, banamathela ekudleni "Ithebula No. 9A", kuvame ukubekelwa isifo esinxephezelwe kahle. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa, imenyu yansuku zonke ingahle ibandakanye okungekho ngaphezulu kwe-300 g yenyama ebilisiwe noma inhlanzi, u-300 g we-cottage shizi, u-0.5 l weyogathi, i-kefir noma ubisi, u-30 g webhotela, 30 ml kawoyela wemifino, 250 g wesinkwa rye, 900 g entsha imifino, i-400 g yezithelo, ama-150 g amakhowe.

Lapho sekutholwe izinkomba ezinhle, kuvunyelwe ukuthi kungeniswe amazambane amancane nezinhlamvu ekudleni, kanti uma kwenzeka kuphuma ngokungazelelwe ushukela, kuthathwa amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela, okufanele aphathwe njalo. Kubandakanya ukuphathwa kwe-insulin akubekelwe ngaphandle uma icala linzima futhi linganakwa.

Ukuze ukwelashwa kuqhubeke ngempumelelo futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, udinga ukubonana nodokotela wakho, uzokutshela konke mayelana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 bese ukhetha ukudla okufanele.

Udokotela we-endocrinologist uzokhuluma ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.