Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibhekwa njengenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zomphakathi wanamuhla. Cishe i-30% yabantu ifunda ngesifo sabo esivele isezingeni lokuthuthuka kwezinkinga ezinzima noma ezingalapheki, okwenza inqubo yokuphulukisa ingenzeki. Abesifazane nabesilisa banqotshwe ngokulinganayo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-pathology, umehluko usezinhlotsheni zesifo sikashukela kanye nobudala beminyaka yeziguli.
Okulandelayo, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane bemikhakha ehlukene yobudala nezinkomba zaselebhu eziqinisekisa ukuba khona kwalesi sifo ziyabhekwa.
Umnyombo walesi sifo
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibonisa ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin ye-hormone (ebonwa ngesifo sohlobo 1) noma ushintsho esenzweni sayo (uhlobo 2 sikashukela).
I-insulin iyinto esebenzayo yama-hormone eyenzelwe kumanyikwe. Isitho sitholakala ngemuva kwesisu, sinesisindo esingadluli kwi-g 100. Ngaphezu kwaleli hormone, indlala ihlanganisa ujusi we-pancreatic, obandakanyeka ekugayweni. I-insulin ikhiqizwa amaseli we-beta weziqhingi zaseLangerhans-Sobolev. Inani eliphelele lalawa maseli alikho ngaphezu kwe-2 g.
I-insulin yinto yeprotheni ebandakanyeka ku-metabolism. Umsebenzi wawo “ukuvula iminyango” yokungena kwama-molecule eglucose kumaseli nezicubu. Ushukela usetshenziselwa ukuthola izisetshenziswa zamandla omzimba, ngaphandle kwawo ngeke zikwazi ukwenza ngisho nemisebenzi eyisisekelo (ngokwesibonelo, izinsiza kusebenza zemisipha ngeke zisebenze).
I-pancreatic hormone molecule
I-hormone iphinde ikhuthaze ukugeleza kwama-amino acid kumaseli. Lezi zinto zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni aphelele. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile we-insulin - unesandla ekwakhekeni kwezindawo ezibekiwe zamaseli omzimba emzimbeni womuntu.
Thayipha ushukela 1 no-2
Ukwahlukaniswa okufanayo kwe-pathology kungenxa yokuthi zombili izinhlobo zesifo zinemvelaphi ehlukile, kepha ukubonakaliswa okufanayo. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko i-glucose ephezulu yegazi (hyperglycemia).
Uhlobo olu-1
Le ndlela yesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane ayivamile, ikhula ngaphambi kokufika eminyakeni engama-40. Isibonelo sokuvela kwe-pathology:
- Umuntu onesifiso sokuthola ifa lesi sifo uthola uhlobo oluthile lwesifo esithathelwanayo. Kungaba yisimungumungwane, irubella, im Mumps, ngisho ne-SARS.
- Igciwane elingena emzimbeni livusa ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ngokumelene namaseli we-pancreatic.
- Ama-antibodies abhubhisa amaseli okugcina ama-insulin okuvela kumanyikwe, kodwa izimpawu zokuqala zenqubo ye-pathological zenzeka kuphela lapho amaseli angaphezu kwama-75% eseshonile.
2 uhlobo
Le ndlela yesifo sikashukela ibuye ihlotshaniswe nelifa, kepha lapha sikhuluma ngokunye. Isifo sohlobo 2 siba khona kokuzwa kokuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba ku-insulin. Lesi sifo siziveza kubantu besifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40.
Amathishu adalulwe ku-insulin anama-receptors akhethekile abucayi, athintwa umuthi osebenzayo we-hormone. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezivuselelayo (isisindo somzimba esingajwayelekile, ukudla okungenampilo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme), ama-receptors awasabeli ngokugcwele ekuvuseleleni kwe-insulin. Ama-pancreas akhiqiza inani elanele le-hormone, kodwa amangqamuzana 'awakuboni' lokho.
Ukuchazwa kafushane kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinga-insulin
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo
Zonke izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu:
- okuyisisekelo;
- okwesibili.
Izimpawu zokuqala
Iningi labesifazane alinaki isimo sabo isikhathi eside, ngoba emphakathini wanamuhla abameli besifazane basebenza ngokungaphansi kwabesilisa. Asikho nje isikhathi esanele sethu. Ukuqala ukwelashwa ekuqaleni kwesifo futhi uvikele ukukhula kwezinkinga, kufanele wazi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela eziyinhloko.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus emadodeni- Ukoma ngokweqile - isifiso sokuphuza emantombazaneni nakwabesifazane siba yisifo sokugula. Umuntu ogulayo angaphuza amalitha amanzi angaphezu kwam-5 ngosuku lonke.
- Ukuphuma komchamo ngokweqile - umuntu uphuza kakhulu, ngokulandelana, futhi uchame kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba uzama ukunxephezela ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu likashukela egazini ngokuphuma kwalo komchamo.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo kuhlanganiswa nokuthambekela okuphezulu - lezi zimpawu zimpawu zohlobo 1 lwe-pathology. Ekuhlolweni, umzimba osondayo wesiguli, imishanguzo esetshenzisiwe, izimbambo, ama-clavicles kunqunywa.
- Ukukhathala, ukudangala - umzimba wesifazane awukwazi ukusebenza, njengangaphambili. Ukuxineka kuvela phakathi nosuku, ebusuku, okuphambene nalokho, iziguli zingakhalaza ngokuqwasha.
- Isikhumba esomile - uphawu wukuqhubeka kokuchama kwe-chain "ukoma + ne-profuse urination." Ngenxa yokususwa okukhulu koketshezi emzimbeni, iziguli zinomuzwa wokuthi imbobo yazo yomlomo yomile kakhulu, isikhumba sazo somile, sikhonkotha.
Iziguli zingakhononda ngokuqhuma kwemvelaphi engaqinisekile esikhumbeni, umuzwa wokulunywa, kubandakanya nasendaweni yofuzo. Izikhathi ezithile, ukuhlaselwa kokuhlaselwa kwenzeka, isifiso sobulili siyaphazamiseka (ikakhulukazi kushiwo kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30).
Ukwephulwa komkhakha obusondelene - enye yezindlela zokubonisa lesi sifo
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 zihambisana nokuphazamiseka kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo, okubonakala kobuhlungu emhlane, ukuhlangana, ukukhawulelwa nokuqina kwemisipha. Isimo se-pathological siqinisekiswa ukuxilongwa kwebhubhoratri nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
Izimpawu zesibili
Izimpawu ezivela ekuqhamukeni kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zalo kungaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ukulahleka kwenkumbulo - Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunganele ngamaseli obuchopho kuholela ekuqothulweni kwabo;
- ukulunywa kwemvelo okungabekezeleleki - kubonakaliswa ezindaweni zokujuluka ngokweqile (ngaphansi kwesifuba, emaphethelweni, ebuchosheni);
- iphunga le-acetone emoyeni okhipha - livela ngemuva kwesizinda sokuthuthuka kwesimo se-ketoacidotic (izinkinga zohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela), lapho imizimba ye-acetone igcwala egazini nomchamo;
- ukubonakala kwesiphazamiso esiyinqaba esikhunjeni semikhawulo engezansi, okuvame ukuba buhlungu kuyo - kuphakama isizinda senqubo yokuphakelwa kwegazi ephazamisekile;
- umuzwa 'wokuqubuka okukhanyayo', ukuzindla kwemilenze, izingalo - izimpawu zomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa olungemuva;
- ukwanda kwe-pathological kwesisindo somzimba - ejwayelekile ezinhlotsheni ezi-2 zesifo.
Owesifazane uqala ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha, okuhlanganiswa nezinye izinkomba zesifo
Kubalulekile! Kunokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, okusivumela ukuthi sikuhlukanise nezinye izimo zelinye.
Akukho okubonakalayo kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela, kepha-ke, ngokuqhubeka, ushintsho ekugcobeni kwesikhumba kuvela. Izindawo ezivela kwesikhumba lapho inani le-pigment lincishiswa kakhulu. Amabala amhlophe avela lapha aphula ukubukeka kobuhle.
Kwabesifazane abahlaselwa yilesi sifo isikhathi eside, ukuqina kwesikhumba ezandleni kuyabonakala. Lapho uhlola udonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu, izigaxa, okhalweni, amahlombe, izindawo eziphinyiselwe ngenani elincane lezicubu ezingaphansi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-lipodystrophy. Kwenzeka ngokuqhathanisa nesizinda sokuphathwa njalo kwe-insulin endaweni eyodwa (kubonwa kakhulu kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo olu-1 nakwezinye iziguli ezinesifo sohlobo 2).
Izimpawu Zashukela Zesifo Sikashukela
Uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo yizinga eliphezulu likashukela wegazi, olunqunywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ushukela womunwe, i-venous blood chemistry, isilinganiso se-glucose ekhaya esine-glucometer. Ukwanda okukodwa kwezinombolo akubona ubufakazi bokuthuthuka kwe-pathology. I-Hyperglycemia kufanele ibonwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuningana, ukuze uchwepheshe aqinisekise ukutholwa.
Enye inkomba ethembekile yi-glycosylated hemoglobin. Le nto ikuvumela ukuthi unqume isilinganiso esiphakathi soshukela egazini ezinsukwini ezingama-90 ezedlule. Njengomthetho, amanani angenhla kwe-6% enza udokotela acabange nge-pathology, ngaphezulu kuka-6.5% - ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela.
Igazi - i-biomaterial evumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma uphike ubukhona besimo se-pathological
I-Type 2 pathology nayo iqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa, ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba wesiguli ku-glucose, futhi, ngokufanelekile, nge-insulin, kuyacaciswa.
Uma kuvela ezinye zezimpawu ezingenhla, thintana nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist. Lokhu ngudokotela ofanelekayo ozocacisa ukuthi unezifo futhi uma kunesidingo uzokhetha ukwelashwa. Awudingi ukuthi uzenzele isifo ngokwakho, futhi ukhethe umuthi wokulwa nalesi sifo, ngoba i-hyperglycemia iyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi singabonakala nakwezinye izifo.
